Grammar parses for passage 8.18.2
Open translation for this passage
Ἐπιμενίδης δὲ ὁ Κρὴς εἶναι μὲν καὶ οὗτος θυγατέρα Ὠκεανοῦ τὴν Στύγα ἐποίησε, συνοικεῖν δὲ αὐτὴν οὐ Πάλλαντι, ἀλλὰ ἐκ Πείραντος Ἔχιδναν τεκεῖν, ὅστις δὴ ὁ Πείρας ἐστί.
The sentence reports several infinitival assertions under ἐποίησε; τεκεῖν is coordinated with συνοικεῖν, while the final relative clause identifies Πείρας.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἐπιμενίδης | Ἐπιμενίδης | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐποίησε | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἐποίησε | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Κρὴς | det | high | |
| 4 | Κρὴς | Κρής | PROPN | A----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Ἐπιμενίδης | appos | high | Ethnic name used appositionally. |
| 5 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PNA--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 ἐποίησε | ccomp | high | Infinitive in the first coordinated reported assertion. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | D--------- | _ | 5 εἶναι | advmod | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 8 οὗτος | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, ‘also’. |
| 8 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | A---NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Subject of εἶναι. |
| 9 | θυγατέρα | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with εἶναι. |
| 10 | Ὠκεανοῦ | Ὠκεανός | PROPN | N----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 θυγατέρα | nmod | high | |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Στύγα | det | high | |
| 12 | Στύγα | Στύξ | PROPN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 θυγατέρα | appos | high | Apposition to θυγατέρα. |
| 13 | ἐποίησε | ποιέω | VERB | V--IA3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main reporting verb. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐποίησε | punct | high | |
| 15 | συνοικεῖν | συνοικέω | VERB | V--PNA--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 ἐποίησε | ccomp | high | Second coordinated infinitival assertion. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 συνοικεῖν | cc | high | |
| 17 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P---ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 συνοικεῖν | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 18 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D--------- | _ | 15 συνοικεῖν | advmod | high | |
| 19 | Πάλλαντι | Πάλλας | PROPN | N----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 συνοικεῖν | obl | high | Dative complement of συνοικέω. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 συνοικεῖν | punct | high | |
| 21 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 15 συνοικεῖν | cc | high | |
| 22 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 Πείραντος | case | high | |
| 23 | Πείραντος | Πείραντος | PROPN | N----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 Ἔχιδναν | nmod | high | |
| 24 | Ἔχιδναν | Ἔχιδνα | PROPN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 τεκεῖν | obj | high | Object of τεκεῖν. |
| 25 | τεκεῖν | τίκτω | VERB | V-2RNA--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 15 συνοικεῖν | conj | high | Infinitive coordinated with συνοικεῖν; subject is αὐτήν. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 τεκεῖν | punct | high | |
| 27 | ὅστις | ὅστις | PRON | P---NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἐστί | nsubj | high | Relative subject; antecedent is Πείρας. |
| 28 | δὴ | δή | PART | D--------- | _ | 31 ἐστί | advmod | high | |
| 29 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 Πείρας | det | high | |
| 30 | Πείρας | Πείρας | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ὅστις | appos | high | Apposition clarifying the relative pronoun. |
| 31 | ἐστί | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 25 τεκεῖν | ccomp | medium | Relative clause attached to the preceding genealogy assertion; exact discourse attachment is somewhat loose. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐποίησε | punct | high |
μάλιστα δὲ τῆς Στυγὸς τὸ ὄνομα ἐς τὴν ποίησιν ἐπεισηγάγετο Ὅμηρος.
Ὅμηρος is the subject of ἐπεισηγάγετο; τὸ ὄνομα is its accusative object, with τῆς Στυγός specifying the name and ἐς τὴν ποίησιν marking the domain into which it was introduced.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | Adverb-Superlative | Degree=Sup | 10 ἐπεισηγάγετο | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conjunction | _ | 10 ἐπεισηγάγετο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | DefiniteArticle-GenitiveSingularFeminine | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Στυγὸς | det | high | |
| 4 | Στυγὸς | Στύξ | PROPN | Noun-GenitiveSingularFeminine | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ὄνομα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὄνομα. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | DefiniteArticle-AccusativeSingularNeuter | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 6 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | Noun-AccusativeSingularNeuter | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπεισηγάγετο | obj | high | |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Preposition | _ | 9 ποίησιν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DefiniteArticle-AccusativeSingularFeminine | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ποίησιν | det | high | |
| 9 | ποίησιν | ποίησις | NOUN | Noun-AccusativeSingularFeminine | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπεισηγάγετο | obl | high | Prepositional goal/domain complement. |
| 10 | ἐπεισηγάγετο | ἐπεισάγω | VERB | Verb-AoristIndicativeMiddle-3rdPersonSingular | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist middle; parser-style Tense=Past and Aspect=Perf approximate the aorist. |
| 11 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | Noun-NominativeSingularMasculine | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπεισηγάγετο | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐπεισηγάγετο | punct | high |
ἐν μέν γε Ἥρας ἐποίησεν ὅρκῳ ἴστω νῦν τόδε γαῖα καὶ οὐρανὸς εὐρὺς ὕπερθεν καὶ τὸ κατειβόμενον Στυγὸς ὕδωρ· Hom. Il. 15.36-37 ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ἐποίησεν ὡς ἂν ἰδὼν ἐς τὸ ὕδωρ τῆς Στυγὸς στάζον· βούλεται δὲ καὶ ἐν καταλόγῳ τῶν μετὰ Γουνέως Τιταρησίῳ ποταμῷ ῥεῖν τὸ ὕδωρ ἀπὸ τῆς Στυγός.
The passage contains a fragmented Homeric citation and a syntactically difficult opening clause; the final clause clearly has βούλεται governing the infinitive ῥεῖν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 ἐποίησεν | case | high | |
| 2 | μέν | μέν | PART | PTCL | _ | 5 ἐποίησεν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | γε | γε | PART | PTCL | _ | 2 μέν | advmod | medium | |
| 4 | Ἥρας | Ἥρα | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐποίησεν | obl | medium | Genitive with ἐν is syntactically unusual; likely elliptical or textually corrupt. |
| 5 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | First clause is difficult and may reflect a corrupted quotation. |
| 6 | ὅρκῳ | ὅρκος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐποίησεν | obl | high | |
| 7 | ἴστω | οἶδα | VERB | V-XXM-3S | Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἐποίησεν | parataxis | medium | Formulaic third-person imperative, ‘let ... know/be witness’; coordination is elliptical. |
| 8 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | ADV | _ | 7 ἴστω | advmod | high | |
| 9 | τόδε | ὅδε | DET | D-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 γαῖα | det | high | |
| 10 | γαῖα | γαῖα | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἴστω | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 οὐρανὸς | cc | high | |
| 12 | οὐρανὸς | οὐρανός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἴστω | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | εὐρὺς | εὐρύς | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 οὐρανὸς | amod | high | Adjectival agreement with οὐρανός. |
| 14 | ὕπερθεν | ὕπερθεν | ADV | ADV | _ | 12 οὐρανὸς | advmod | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ὕδωρ | cc | high | |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | D-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 κατειβόμενον | det | high | |
| 17 | κατειβόμενον | κατείβω | VERB | V-PPN-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 19 ὕδωρ | acl | medium | Participle modifies τὸ ὕδωρ; lexical form and voice are somewhat uncertain. |
| 18 | Στυγὸς | Στύξ | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 κατειβόμενον | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on the participial expression. |
| 19 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἴστω | nsubj | medium | Third coordinated witness subject. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἴστω | punct | high | |
| 21 | H | H | X | _ | _ | 24 . | flat | low | Fragmented citation token. |
| 22 | o | o | X | _ | _ | 21 H | flat | low | Fragmented citation token. |
| 23 | m | m | X | _ | _ | 21 H | flat | low | Fragmented citation token. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | Citation punctuation. |
| 25 | I | I | X | _ | _ | 27 . | flat | low | Fragmented citation token. |
| 26 | l | l | X | _ | _ | 25 I | flat | low | Fragmented citation token. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | Citation punctuation. |
| 28 | 15.36 | 15.36 | SYM | _ | _ | 34 ἐποίησεν | parataxis | low | Citation reference. |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 37 | punct | high | |
| 30 | 37 | 37 | SYM | _ | _ | 28 15.36 | flat | low | Citation reference. |
| 31 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | D-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 34 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | |
| 32 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PTCL | _ | 34 ἐποίησεν | discourse | high | |
| 33 | δὴ | δή | PART | PTCL | _ | 34 ἐποίησεν | discourse | high | |
| 34 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 45 βούλεται | ccomp | medium | Finite verb in explanatory clause governed by βούλεται; quotation citation interrupts the discourse. |
| 35 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 37 ἰδὼν | mark | medium | Introduces a circumstantial/comparative participial clause. |
| 36 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | PTCL | _ | 37 ἰδὼν | advmod | medium | Modal particle with participle; construction is irregular or elliptical. |
| 37 | ἰδὼν | ὁράω | VERB | V-2AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 34 ἐποίησεν | advcl | high | |
| 38 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 40 ὕδωρ | case | high | |
| 39 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | D-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 40 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 40 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 37 ἰδὼν | obl | high | |
| 41 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | D-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 42 Στυγὸς | det | high | |
| 42 | Στυγὸς | Στύξ | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 40 ὕδωρ | nmod | high | |
| 43 | στάζον | στάζω | VERB | V-PAP-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 40 ὕδωρ | acl | medium | Accusative participle agrees with ὕδωρ and describes dripping water. |
| 44 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 45 βούλεται | punct | high | |
| 45 | βούλεται | βούλομαι | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 46 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 45 βούλεται | cc | high | |
| 47 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 55 ῥεῖν | cc | high | |
| 48 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 49 καταλόγῳ | case | high | |
| 49 | καταλόγῳ | κατάλογος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 55 ῥεῖν | obl | high | |
| 50 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | D-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 52 Γουνέως | det | high | |
| 51 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | _ | 52 Γουνέως | case | high | |
| 52 | Γουνέως | Γουνεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 50 τῶν | nmod | high | Genitive plural article is substantivizing/introducing the group associated with Guneus. |
| 53 | Τιταρησίῳ | Τιταρήσιος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 54 ποταμῷ | nmod | high | Proper-name adjective modifying ποταμῷ. |
| 54 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 55 ῥεῖν | obl | high | |
| 55 | ῥεῖν | ῥέω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 45 βούλεται | xcomp | high | |
| 56 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | D-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 57 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 57 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 55 ῥεῖν | obj | high | |
| 58 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 60 Στυγός | case | high | |
| 59 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | D-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 60 Στυγός | det | high | |
| 60 | Στυγός | Στύξ | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 57 ὕδωρ | nmod | high | |
| 61 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 45 βούλεται | punct | high |