Grammar parses for passage 8.18.2
Open translation for this passage
Ἐπιμενίδης δὲ ὁ Κρὴς εἶναι μὲν καὶ οὗτος θυγατέρα Ὠκεανοῦ τὴν Στύγα ἐποίησε, συνοικεῖν δὲ αὐτὴν οὐ Πάλλαντι, ἀλλὰ ἐκ Πείραντος Ἔχιδναν τεκεῖν, ὅστις δὴ ὁ Πείρας ἐστί.
The sentence is a reported/embedded sequence with multiple infinitival complements to ἐποίησε; the final relative clause is attached broadly to the main predication.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἐπιμενίδης | Ἐπιμενίδης | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐποίησε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐποίησε. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g-------- | _ | 13 ἐποίησε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Κρὴς | det | high | Article with Κρὴς. |
| 4 | Κρὴς | Κρής | ADJ | a-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Ἐπιμενίδης | appos | high | Apposition to Ἐπιμενίδης. |
| 5 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | v--pna--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 ἐποίησε | xcomp | high | Infinitival clause dependent on ἐποίησε. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | g-------- | _ | 5 εἶναι | advmod | high | Correlative particle with δὲ. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 8 οὗτος | advmod | medium | Likely additive emphasis with οὗτος. |
| 8 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | p-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem | 13 ἐποίησε | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of ἐποίησε in the infinitival-content construction. |
| 9 | θυγατέρα | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐποίησε | obj | high | Object of ἐποίησε. |
| 10 | Ὠκεανοῦ | Ὠκεανός | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 θυγατέρα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of θυγατέρα. |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Στύγα | det | high | Article with Στύγα. |
| 12 | Στύγα | Στύξ | PROPN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 θυγατέρα | appos | medium | Apposition to θυγατέρα, naming the daughter. |
| 13 | ἐποίησε | ποιέω | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐποίησε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 15 | συνοικεῖν | συνοικέω | VERB | v--pna--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 ἐποίησε | xcomp | high | Second infinitival clause dependent on ἐποίησε. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g-------- | _ | 15 συνοικεῖν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 17 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 15 συνοικεῖν | obj | high | Object of συνοικεῖν. |
| 18 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | d-------- | _ | 19 Πάλλαντι | advmod | high | Negator modifying Πάλλαντι. |
| 19 | Πάλλαντι | Πάλλας | PROPN | n-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 συνοικεῖν | obl | medium | Dative complement of συνοικεῖν; form/lemma uncertain. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 συνοικεῖν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 21 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 25 τεκεῖν | cc | high | Adversative coordinator. |
| 22 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | d-------- | _ | 23 Πείραντος | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 23 | Πείραντος | Πείρας | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 τεκεῖν | obl | medium | Genitive with ἐκ; relation to τεκεῖν somewhat uncertain. |
| 24 | Ἔχιδναν | Ἔχιδνα | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 τεκεῖν | obj | high | Object of τεκεῖν. |
| 25 | τεκεῖν | τίκτω | VERB | v--pna--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 ἐποίησε | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement dependent on ἐποίησε. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 τεκεῖν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 27 | ὅστις | ὅστις | PRON | p-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 31 ἐστί | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun subject of ἐστί. |
| 28 | δὴ | δή | PART | g-------- | _ | 27 ὅστις | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 29 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 Πείρας | det | high | Article with Πείρας. |
| 30 | Πείρας | Πείρας | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ὅστις | appos | high | Apposition to ὅστις. |
| 31 | ἐστί | εἰμί | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 13 ἐποίησε | advcl | medium | Relative clause modifying the preceding content; attachment to ἐποίησε is approximate. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐποίησε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
μάλιστα δὲ τῆς Στυγὸς τὸ ὄνομα ἐς τὴν ποίησιν ἐπεισηγάγετο Ὅμηρος.
The genitive τῆς Στυγός depends on ὄνομα; the prepositional phrase ἐς τὴν ποίησιν modifies the verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | B | _ | 10 ἐπεισηγάγετο | advmod | high | Intensifier modifying the verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 10 ἐπεισηγάγετο | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Στυγὸς | det | high | Article with Στυγός. |
| 4 | Στυγὸς | Στύξ | PROPN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ὄνομα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ὄνομα. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ὄνομα | det | high | Article with ὄνομα. |
| 6 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπεισηγάγετο | obj | high | Direct object of ἐπεισηγάγετο. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 9 ποίησιν | case | high | Preposition governing ποίησιν. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ποίησιν | det | high | Article with ποίησιν. |
| 9 | ποίησιν | ποίησις | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπεισηγάγετο | obl | high | Prepositional object. |
| 10 | ἐπεισηγάγετο | ἐπεισάγω | VERB | v3saim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb, aorist middle indicative. |
| 11 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπεισηγάγετο | nsubj | high | Subject of the verb. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐπεισηγάγετο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐν μέν γε Ἥρας ἐποίησεν ὅρκῳ ἴστω νῦν τόδε γαῖα καὶ οὐρανὸς εὐρὺς ὕπερθεν καὶ τὸ κατειβόμενον Στυγὸς ὕδωρ· Hom. Il. 15.36-37 ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ἐποίησεν ὡς ἂν ἰδὼν ἐς τὸ ὕδωρ τῆς Στυγὸς στάζον· βούλεται δὲ καὶ ἐν καταλόγῳ τῶν μετὰ Γουνέως Τιταρησίῳ ποταμῷ ῥεῖν τὸ ὕδωρ ἀπὸ τῆς Στυγός.
The passage contains three clauses with quoted or explanatory Homeric material; the middle citation introduces some uncertainty in the syntactic attachment of the embedded Homeric reference, and token 57 is morphologically ambiguous in form.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 4 Ἥρας | case | high | Introduces genitive complement Ἥρας. |
| 2 | μέν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἐποίησεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | γε | γε | PART | _ | _ | 2 μέν | discourse | high | Enclitic emphasis. |
| 4 | Ἥρας | Ἥρα | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐποίησεν | obl | high | Genitive object of ἐν. |
| 5 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb of the first clause. |
| 6 | ὅρκῳ | ὅρκος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἴστω | obl | high | Dative of manner/instrument. |
| 7 | ἴστω | οἶδα | VERB | _ | Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 5 ἐποίησεν | ccomp | medium | Likely jussive imperative formula; exact syntactic integration is somewhat uncertain. |
| 8 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | _ | _ | 7 ἴστω | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 9 | τόδε | ὅδε | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 γαῖα | det | high | Demonstrative modifying γαῖα. |
| 10 | γαῖα | γαῖα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἴστω | nsubj | high | One subject of the oath formula. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 οὐρανὸς | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 12 | οὐρανὸς | οὐρανός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 γαῖα | conj | high | Coordinated subject with γαῖα. |
| 13 | εὐρὺς | εὐρύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 οὐρανὸς | amod | high | Attributive adjective of οὐρανός. |
| 14 | ὕπερθεν | ὕπερθεν | ADV | _ | _ | 12 οὐρανὸς | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 ὕδωρ | cc | high | Coordinates the third oath element with the preceding subject list. |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ὕδωρ | det | high | Article with substantivized participle/phrase. |
| 17 | κατειβόμενον | κατειβόμενος | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 19 ὕδωρ | amod | medium | Participial modifier of ὕδωρ; treat as adjective-like participle. |
| 18 | Στυγὸς | Στύξ | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ὕδωρ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ὕδωρ. |
| 19 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 γαῖα | conj | high | Third coordinated oath element. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | Sentence-level punctuation. |
| 21 | H | H | X | _ | _ | 24 . | flat | low | Latin editorial abbreviation letters; treated as opaque text. |
| 22 | o | o | X | _ | _ | 21 H | flat | low | Opaque editorial text. |
| 23 | m | m | X | _ | _ | 21 H | flat | low | Opaque editorial text. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | Editorial punctuation. |
| 25 | I | I | X | _ | _ | 28 15.36 | flat | low | Opaque editorial text. |
| 26 | l | l | X | _ | _ | 25 I | flat | low | Opaque editorial text. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | Editorial punctuation. |
| 28 | 15.36 | 15.36 | X | _ | _ | 5 ἐποίησεν | appos | low | Reference marker treated as opaque text. |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 37 | punct | high | Part of range reference. |
| 30 | 37 | 37 | X | _ | _ | 28 15.36 | flat | low | Reference range marker. |
| 31 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 34 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | Object of ἐποίησεν. |
| 32 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 34 ἐποίησεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 33 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 34 ἐποίησεν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 34 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of quoted explanation. |
| 35 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 37 ἰδὼν | mark | high | Marks comparative/subordinate clause. |
| 36 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | _ | _ | 37 ἰδὼν | advmod | high | Modal particle. |
| 37 | ἰδὼν | ὁράω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 34 ἐποίησεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle. |
| 38 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 40 ὕδωρ | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 39 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 40 ὕδωρ | det | high | Article with ὕδωρ. |
| 40 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 37 ἰδὼν | obl | high | Goal of ἐς. |
| 41 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 42 Στυγὸς | det | high | Article with Στυγός. |
| 42 | Στυγὸς | Στύξ | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 40 ὕδωρ | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ὕδωρ. |
| 43 | στάζον | στάζω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 40 ὕδωρ | amod | medium | Participial modifier agreeing with ὕδωρ; form could also be interpreted differently, but participle is most plausible. |
| 44 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 45 | βούλεται | βούλομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Root of final sentence. |
| 46 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 45 βούλεται | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 47 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 45 βούλεται | cc | high | Adds coordinated clause element. |
| 48 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 49 καταλόγῳ | case | high | Preposition with dative. |
| 49 | καταλόγῳ | κατάλογος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 45 βούλεται | obl | high | Locative/domain oblique. |
| 50 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 52 Γουνέως | det | high | Article with μετὰ Γουνέως. |
| 51 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | _ | _ | 52 Γουνέως | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 52 | Γουνέως | Γουνεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 50 τῶν | nmod | high | Genitive complement of τῶν with preposition. |
| 53 | Τιταρησίῳ | Τιταρήσιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 54 ποταμῷ | amod | medium | Adjectival proper-name modifier of ποταμῷ. |
| 54 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 55 ῥεῖν | obl | high | Dative with ἐν understood from prior phrase or dependent of ῥεῖν as locus. |
| 55 | ῥεῖν | ῥέω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 45 βούλεται | xcomp | high | Complement of βούλεται. |
| 56 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 57 ὕδωρ | det | high | Article with ὕδωρ. |
| 57 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 55 ῥεῖν | obj | high | Subject-like accusative/nominative? Here treated as accusative-like object of infinitive? Form is nominative/accusative identical. |
| 58 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 60 Στυγός | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 59 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 60 Στυγός | det | high | Article with Στυγός. |
| 60 | Στυγός | Στύξ | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 55 ῥεῖν | obl | high | Source complement with ἀπό. |
| 61 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 45 βούλεται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |