Grammar parses for passage 8.18.3
Open translation for this passage
ἐποίησε δὲ καὶ ἐν Ἅιδου ὕδωρ εἶναι, καὶ Ἀθηνᾶ τὸν Δία οὐ μεμνῆσθαί φησιν ὅτι διʼ αὐτῆς Ἡρακλέα ἔσωζεν ἐκ τῶν Εὐρυσθέως ἄθλων·
The syntax is mainly a sequence of coordinated main clauses with reported speech; the accusative + infinitive construction after φησιν is the most notable embedded structure.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐποίησε | ποιέω | VERB | V-3AAI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | D | _ | 1 ἐποίησε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐποίησε | cc | high | Connects coordinated clauses. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 5 Ἅιδου | case | high | Preposition governing Ἅιδου. |
| 5 | Ἅιδου | Ἅιδης | PROPN | N-... | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐποίησε | obl | medium | Adverbial location with ἐν; proper name in genitive. |
| 6 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 εἶναι | obj | high | Object of infinitive εἶναι. |
| 7 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAInf | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 ἐποίησε | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἐποίησε. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐποίησε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 φησιν | cc | high | Coordinates the reported clause with previous content. |
| 10 | Ἀθηνᾶ | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 φησιν | nsubj | high | Subject of φησιν. |
| 11 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Δία | det | high | Article with Δία. |
| 12 | Δία | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 μεμνῆσθαί | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of infinitive μεμνῆσθαί. |
| 13 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PRT-N | _ | 14 μεμνῆσθαί | advmod | high | Negation of infinitive. |
| 14 | μεμνῆσθαί | μιμνῄσκομαι | VERB | V-RNInf | Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 15 φησιν | ccomp | medium | Complement infinitive after φησιν. |
| 15 | φησιν | φημί | VERB | V-3PAI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 1 ἐποίησε | conj | high | Second main predication coordinated with ἐποίησε. |
| 16 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 ἔσωζεν | mark | high | Introduces content clause. |
| 17 | διʼ | διά | ADP | R | _ | 18 αὐτῆς | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτῆς. |
| 18 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P-3GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 20 ἔσωζεν | obl | high | Ablative/instrumental phrase with διά. |
| 19 | Ἡρακλέα | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἔσωζεν | obj | high | Object of ἔσωζεν. |
| 20 | ἔσωζεν | σῴζω | VERB | V-3IAI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 15 φησιν | ccomp | high | Finite content clause dependent on φησιν. |
| 21 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R | _ | 24 ἄθλων | case | high | Preposition governing ἄθλων. |
| 22 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 ἄθλων | det | high | Article with ἄθλων. |
| 23 | Εὐρυσθέως | Εὐρυσθεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἄθλων | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἄθλων. |
| 24 | ἄθλων | ἆθλος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἔσωζεν | obl | high | Prepositional complement of ἔσωζεν. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 φησιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
εἰ γὰρ ἐγὼ τόδε ᾔδη ἐνὶ φρεσὶ πευκαλίμῃσιν, εὖτέ μιν εἰς Ἀίδαο πυλάρταο προὔπεμψεν ἐξ Ἐρέβευς ἄξοντα κύνα στυγεροῦ Ἀίδαο, οὐκ ἂν ὑπεξέφυγε Στυγὸς ὕδατος αἰπὰ ῥέεθρα.
The sentence is a mixed conditional/temporal structure: the protasis begins with εἰ γὰρ and the apodosis is the main clause with potential ἂν; several epic forms and genitive chains require inferential attachment.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ᾔδη | mark | high | Conditional marker introducing the protasis. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 1 εἰ | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | ἐγὼ | ἐγώ | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 5 ᾔδη | nsubj | high | Subject of ᾔδη. |
| 4 | τόδε | ὅδε | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 ᾔδη | obj | high | Direct object of ᾔδη. |
| 5 | ᾔδη | οἶδα | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 25 ὑπεξέφυγε | advcl | medium | Finite verb in a conditional clause; form is imperfect of οἶδα. |
| 6 | ἐνὶ | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 5 ᾔδη | obl | high | Governs locative dative. |
| 7 | φρεσὶ | φρήν | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἐνὶ | obj | high | Object/complement of ἐν. |
| 8 | πευκαλίμῃσιν | πευκαλίμης | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 φρεσὶ | amod | medium | Epic form; likely agreeing with φρεσὶ. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ᾔδη | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | εὖτέ | εὖτε | SCONJ | _ | _ | 15 προὔπεμψεν | mark | high | Temporal-subordinating conjunction. |
| 11 | μιν | μιν | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 15 προὔπεμψεν | obj | high | Enclitic pronoun; object of προὔπεμψεν. |
| 12 | εἰς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 15 προὔπεμψεν | obl | high | Preposition governing motion complement. |
| 13 | Ἀίδαο | Ἅιδης | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 πυλάρταο | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of πυλάρταο. |
| 14 | πυλάρταο | πυλάρτης | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 εἰς | obl | medium | Epic genitive; governs the εἰς phrase as destination/goal. |
| 15 | προὔπεμψεν | προπέμπω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 25 ὑπεξέφυγε | advcl | high | Temporal clause verb depending on ὑπεξέφυγε. |
| 16 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 15 προὔπεμψεν | obl | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 17 | Ἐρέβευς | Ἔρεβος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἐξ | obj | high | Object of ἐξ. |
| 18 | ἄξοντα | ἄγω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 κύνα | amod | high | Future participle modifying κύνα. |
| 19 | κύνα | κύων | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 προὔπεμψεν | obj | high | Direct object of προὔπεμψεν. |
| 20 | στυγεροῦ | στυγερός | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Ἀίδαο | amod | high | Attributive modifier of Ἀίδαο. |
| 21 | Ἀίδαο | Ἅιδης | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 κύνα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of κύνα. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 προὔπεμψεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 23 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 25 ὑπεξέφυγε | advmod | high | Negation of the main verb. |
| 24 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | _ | _ | 25 ὑπεξέφυγε | advmod | high | Modal particle marking potential mood. |
| 25 | ὑπεξέφυγε | ὑπεκφεύγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main clause verb. |
| 26 | Στυγὸς | Στύξ | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ὕδατος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ὕδατος. |
| 27 | ὕδατος | ὕδωρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 ῥέεθρα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ῥέεθρα. |
| 28 | αἰπὰ | αἰπός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 29 ῥέεθρα | amod | high | Attributive modifier of ῥέεθρα. |
| 29 | ῥέεθρα | ῥέεθρον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ὑπεξέφυγε | obj | high | Direct object of ὑπεξέφυγε. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ὑπεξέφυγε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Homer, unknown location.
The provided input is not Ancient Greek but a placeholder Latin-character string; annotation is therefore necessarily speculative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | H | PROPN | _ | _ | 0 ROOT | root | low | Tokenization appears to be a placeholder for a proper name, but only a single Latin letter is given. |
| 2 | o | o | PROPN | _ | _ | 1 H | flat | low | Likely continuation of the same placeholder name. |
| 3 | m | m | PROPN | _ | _ | 1 H | flat | low | Likely continuation of the same placeholder name. |
| 4 | e | e | PROPN | _ | _ | 1 H | flat | low | Likely continuation of the same placeholder name. |
| 5 | r | r | PROPN | _ | _ | 1 H | flat | low | Likely continuation of the same placeholder name. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 H | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | u | u | X | _ | _ | 1 H | dep | low | Unknown placeholder token. |
| 8 | n | n | X | _ | _ | 1 H | dep | low | Unknown placeholder token. |
| 9 | k | k | X | _ | _ | 1 H | dep | low | Unknown placeholder token. |
| 10 | n | n | X | _ | _ | 1 H | dep | low | Unknown placeholder token. |
| 11 | o | o | X | _ | _ | 1 H | dep | low | Unknown placeholder token. |
| 12 | w | w | X | _ | _ | 1 H | dep | low | Unknown placeholder token. |
| 13 | n | n | X | _ | _ | 1 H | dep | low | Unknown placeholder token. |
| 14 | l | l | X | _ | _ | 1 H | dep | low | Unknown placeholder token. |
| 15 | o | o | X | _ | _ | 1 H | dep | low | Unknown placeholder token. |
| 16 | c | c | X | _ | _ | 1 H | dep | low | Unknown placeholder token. |
| 17 | a | a | X | _ | _ | 1 H | dep | low | Unknown placeholder token. |
| 18 | t | t | X | _ | _ | 1 H | dep | low | Unknown placeholder token. |
| 19 | i | i | X | _ | _ | 1 H | dep | low | Unknown placeholder token. |
| 20 | o | o | X | _ | _ | 1 H | dep | low | Unknown placeholder token. |
| 21 | n | n | X | _ | _ | 1 H | dep | low | Unknown placeholder token. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 H | punct | high | Punctuation. |