Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 8.18.6

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Passage 8.18.6

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3sentences parsed

88Greek tokens

2,552input tokens

6,258output tokens

Sentence 1

8.18.6 sentence 1

Tokens: 14
Input: 703
Output: 1,093
Total: 1,796

ἔδωκε δὲ ἄρα ὁ θεὸς τοῖς μάλιστα ἀπερριμμένοις κρατεῖν τῶν ὑπερηρκότων τῇ δόξῃ.

The dative τοῖς ... ἀπερριμμένοις is the recipient/subject-like complement of κρατεῖν; κρατεῖν governs the genitive τῶν ὑπερηρκότων, while τῇ δόξῃ is an instrumental/respect dative. The exact nuance of ἄρα is inferential and uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἔδωκε	δίδωμι	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ἔδωκε	cc	high
3	ἄρα	ἄρα	PART	PART	_	1 ἔδωκε	discourse	medium	Inferential particle; classification as discourse particle is conventional.
4	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 θεὸς	det	high
5	θεὸς	θεός	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ἔδωκε	nsubj	high
6	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	8 ἀπερριμμένοις	det	high
7	μάλιστα	μάλιστα	ADV	D	Degree=Sup	8 ἀπερριμμένοις	advmod	high
8	ἀπερριμμένοις	ἀπορρίπτω	ADJ	A-DFM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	9 κρατεῖν	iobj	medium	Substantivized perfect passive participle; dative understood as recipient/subject-like complement of the infinitive.
9	κρατεῖν	κρατέω	VERB	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	1 ἔδωκε	xcomp	high	Infinitive complementary to ἔδωκε.
10	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	11 ὑπερηρκότων	det	high
11	ὑπερηρκότων	ὑπεραίρω	ADJ	A-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	9 κρατεῖν	obj	medium	Substantivized perfect active participle; genitive complement of κρατεῖν.
12	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	13 δόξῃ	det	high
13	δόξῃ	δόξα	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 ὑπερηρκότων	obl	medium	Dative of respect or means: distinguished by/in reputation.
14	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	1 ἔδωκε	punct	high

Sentence 2

8.18.6 sentence 2

Tokens: 50
Input: 1,066
Output: 3,492
Total: 4,558

τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ τὰ μάργαρα ἀπόλλυσθαι πέφυκεν ὑπὸ τοῦ ὄξους, τοῦτο δὲ τὸν ἀδάμαντα λίθων ὄντα ἰσχυρότατον τοῦ τράγου κατατήκει τὸ αἷμα· καὶ δὴ καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ οὐ δύναται τῆς Στυγὸς ὁπλὴν ἵππου βιάσασθαι μόνην, ἀλλὰ ἐμβληθὲν κατέχεταί τε ὑπʼ αὐτῆς καὶ οὐ διεργάζεται τὴν ὁπλήν.

Two coordinated clauses contrast what vinegar destroys and what goat blood melts; πέφυκεν governs the infinitival subject τὰ μάργαρα ἀπόλλυσθαι. In the final clause, τὸ ὕδωρ is subject of δύναται and the passive participle ἐμβληθέν modifies it; ὑπʼ αὐτῆς refers to the hoof.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τοῦτο	οὗτος	PRON	Pd---n-s	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	21 κατατήκει	dislocated	high	Correlative demonstrative, contrasted with token 12.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	Df	_	1 τοῦτο	discourse	high
3	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	Df	_	21 κατατήκει	discourse	high
4	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T----n-p	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	5 μάργαρα	det	high
5	μάργαρα	μάργαρον	NOUN	Nb---n-p	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	6 ἀπόλλυσθαι	nsubj	high	Subject of the infinitive.
6	ἀπόλλυσθαι	ἀπόλλυμι	VERB	V--pnm--	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	7 πέφυκεν	xcomp	high	Infinitive governed by πέφυκεν.
7	πέφυκεν	φύω	VERB	V--sra--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Act	21 κατατήκει	conj	high	Perfect with inchoative/established-nature sense.
8	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	R	Case=Gen	6 ἀπόλλυσθαι	obl:agent	high
9	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T----g-s	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	10 ὄξους	det	high
10	ὄξους	ὄξος	NOUN	Nb---g-s	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 ὑπὸ	pobj	high
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	7 πέφυκεν	punct	high
12	τοῦτο	οὗτος	PRON	Pd---n-s	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	21 κατατήκει	dislocated	high	Correlative demonstrative introducing the second contrasted member.
13	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C-	_	21 κατατήκει	cc	high
14	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T----a-s	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	15 ἀδάμαντα	det	high
15	ἀδάμαντα	ἀδάμας	NOUN	Nb---a-s	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 κατατήκει	obj	high	Object of κατατήκει.
16	λίθων	λίθος	NOUN	Nb---g-p	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 ἰσχυρότατον	nmod	medium	Partitive/genitive relation with the superlative adjective.
17	ὄντα	εἰμί	AUX	V--sapam-s	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	15 ἀδάμαντα	acl	high	Circumstantial participle agreeing with ἀδάμαντα.
18	ἰσχυρότατον	ἰσχυρός	ADJ	A-SAMS	Case=Acc\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	15 ἀδάμαντα	amod	high	Superlative adjective agreeing with ἀδάμαντα.
19	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T----g-s	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	20 τράγου	det	high
20	τράγου	τράγος	NOUN	Nb---g-s	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	23 αἷμα	nmod	high	Possessive/genitive dependent of αἷμα.
21	κατατήκει	κατατήκω	VERB	V- spia--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
22	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T----n-s	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	23 αἷμα	det	high
23	αἷμα	αἷμα	NOUN	Nb---n-s	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	21 κατατήκει	nsubj	high
24	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	21 κατατήκει	punct	high
25	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C-	_	31 δύναται	cc	high	Coordinates the following clause.
26	δὴ	δή	PART	Df	_	31 δύναται	discourse	high
27	καὶ	καί	ADV	D	_	31 δύναται	advmod	high	Emphatic καί.
28	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T----n-s	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	29 ὕδωρ	det	high
29	ὕδωρ	ὕδωρ	NOUN	Nb---n-s	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	31 δύναται	nsubj	high
30	οὐ	οὐ	PART	Df	Polarity=Neg	31 δύναται	advmod	high
31	δύναται	δύναμαι	VERB	V- spim--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	21 κατατήκει	conj	high	Coordinates with κατατήκει.
32	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T----g-s	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	33 Στυγὸς	det	high
33	Στυγὸς	Στύξ	PROPN	Ne---g-s	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	34 ὁπλὴν	nmod	high
34	ὁπλὴν	ὁπλή	NOUN	Nb---a-s	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	36 βιάσασθαι	obj	high	Object of βιάσασθαι.
35	ἵππου	ἵππος	NOUN	Nb---g-s	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	34 ὁπλὴν	nmod	high	Genitive modifying ὁπλήν.
36	βιάσασθαι	βιάζω	VERB	V--anm--	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	31 δύναται	xcomp	high
37	μόνην	μόνος	ADJ	A-SAFS	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	34 ὁπλὴν	amod	high	Agrees with ὁπλήν; ‘alone/only’.
38	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	31 δύναται	punct	high
39	ἀλλὰ	ἀλλά	CCONJ	C-	_	41 κατέχεταί	cc	high	Introduces the adversative continuation.
40	ἐμβληθὲν	ἐμβάλλω	VERB	V--sappn-s	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	41 κατέχεταί	advcl	high	Agrees with τὸ ὕδωρ; temporal/conditional nuance.
41	κατέχεταί	κατέχω	VERB	V- spip--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	31 δύναται	conj	high	First coordinated predicate after ἀλλά.
42	τε	τε	CCONJ	C-	_	41 κατέχεταί	cc	high
43	ὑπʼ	ὑπό	ADP	R	Case=Gen	41 κατέχεταί	obl:agent	high
44	αὐτῆς	αὐτός	PRON	Pp---gfs	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	43 ὑπʼ	pobj	high	Refers to the hoof, ὁπλή.
45	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C-	_	47 διεργάζεται	cc	high
46	οὐ	οὐ	PART	Df	Polarity=Neg	47 διεργάζεται	advmod	high
47	διεργάζεται	διεργάζομαι	VERB	V- spim--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	41 κατέχεταί	conj	high	Second coordinated predicate; subject is τὸ ὕδωρ.
48	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T----a-s	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	49 ὁπλήν	det	high
49	ὁπλήν	ὁπλή	NOUN	Nb---a-s	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	47 διεργάζεται	obj	high
50	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	47 διεργάζεται	punct	high

Sentence 3

8.18.6 sentence 3

Tokens: 24
Input: 783
Output: 1,673
Total: 2,456

εἰ δὲ καὶ Ἀλεξάνδρου τοῦ Φιλίππου συνέβη τὴν τελευτὴν διὰ τοῦ φαρμάκου γενέσθαι τούτου, σαφῶς μὲν οὐκ οἶδα, λεγόμενον δὲ οἶδα.

The conditional clause has συνέβη with the aorist infinitive γενέσθαι as its clausal subject; the accusative subject of the infinitive is τὴν τελευτήν. The two οἶδα clauses are coordinated/paratactic: ‘I do not know clearly, but I know it is said.’

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	εἰ	εἰ	SCONJ	C	_	7 συνέβη	mark	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C	_	7 συνέβη	cc	high
3	καὶ	καί	ADV	D	_	7 συνέβη	advmod	medium	Adverbial καί, ‘also/even’.
4	Ἀλεξάνδρου	Ἀλέξανδρος	PROPN	N--GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 τελευτὴν	nmod:poss	high
5	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 Φιλίππου	det	high
6	Φιλίππου	Φίλιππος	PROPN	N--GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 Ἀλεξάνδρου	appos	high	Patronymic/appositional genitive: Alexander, son of Philip.
7	συνέβη	συμβαίνω	VERB	V-AIA-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
8	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 τελευτὴν	det	high
9	τελευτὴν	τελευτή	NOUN	N-ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 γενέσθαι	nsubj	medium	Accusative subject of the infinitive γενέσθαι; τελευτή is predicate/event subject.
10	διὰ	διά	ADP	R	_	12 φαρμάκου	case	high
11	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSN-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	12 φαρμάκου	det	high
12	φαρμάκου	φάρμακον	NOUN	N-GSN-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	13 γενέσθαι	obl	high	Means/instrument with διά.
13	γενέσθαι	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-ANM-	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	7 συνέβη	csubj	high	Articulated infinitival subject of συνέβη.
14	τούτου	οὗτος	PRON	P-GSN-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	12 φαρμάκου	nmod	high	Genitive demonstrative modifying φαρμάκου.
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	7 συνέβη	punct	high
16	σαφῶς	σαφῶς	ADV	D	_	19 οἶδα	advmod	high
17	μὲν	μέν	PART	X	_	19 οἶδα	discourse	high	Correlative μέν with δέ.
18	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	X	Polarity=Neg	19 οἶδα	advmod	high
19	οἶδα	οἶδα	VERB	V-RAI-1S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	7 συνέβη	parataxis	high	Perfect-form verb with present meaning.
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	19 οἶδα	punct	high
21	λεγόμενον	λέγω	VERB	V-PPN-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	23 οἶδα	obj	medium	Accusative neuter substantival participle, ‘what is said’; object of οἶδα.
22	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C	_	23 οἶδα	cc	high
23	οἶδα	οἶδα	VERB	V-RAI-1S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	7 συνέβη	parataxis	high	Perfect-form verb with present meaning.
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	7 συνέβη	punct	high

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