Grammar parses for passage 8.18.7
Open translation for this passage
ὑπὲρ δὲ τὴν Νώνακριν ὄρη τε καλούμενα Ἀροάνια καὶ σπήλαιόν ἐστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς.
The sentence has a locative existential construction: ὄρη ... ἐστιν, with καλούμενα agreeing with ὄρη and Ἀροάνια as its predicate name; σπήλαιον is a coordinated nominative subject. Νώνακριν is governed by ὑπέρ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 4 Νώνακριν | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Νώνακριν | det | high | |
| 4 | Νώνακριν | Νώνακρις | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστιν | obl | high | Proper place-name; accusative after ὑπέρ. |
| 5 | ὄρη | ὄρος | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ὄρη | cc | high | Coordinates the first subject phrase with the following σπήλαιον. |
| 7 | καλούμενα | καλέω | VERB | V-PP-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 5 ὄρη | acl | high | Passive participle modifying ὄρη. |
| 8 | Ἀροάνια | Ἀροάνια | PROPN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 καλούμενα | xcomp | medium | Name complement of καλούμενα; indeclinable/plural neuter place-name. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 σπήλαιόν | cc | high | |
| 10 | σπήλαιόν | σπήλαιον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Coordinated nominative subject of the existential ἐστιν. |
| 11 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular root. |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 13 αὐτοῖς | case | high | |
| 13 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 11 ἐστιν | obl | high | Locative complement of ἐστιν, referring to the mountains. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 11 ἐστιν | punct | high |
ἐς τοῦτο ἀναφυγεῖν τὸ σπήλαιον τὰς θυγατέρας τὰς Προίτου μανείσας λέγουσιν, ἃς ὁ Μελάμπους θυσίαις τε ἀπορρήτοις καὶ καθαρμοῖς κατήγαγεν ἐς χωρίον καλούμενον Λουσούς.
Infinitival clause ἀναφυγεῖν τὸ σπήλαιον is the reported content of λέγουσιν; τὰς θυγατέρας ... μανείσας is its accusative subject, with μανείσας agreeing with θυγατέρας. The relative clause has ἃς as object of κατήγαγεν; Λουσούς is a place-name in apposition to χωρίον. The attachment of ἐς τοῦτο is semantically somewhat uncertain, likely indicating the goal/context of fleeing.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 3 ἀναφυγεῖν | case | high | |
| 2 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 ἀναφυγεῖν | obl | medium | Likely goal/context of the infinitive; exact semantic attachment is uncertain. |
| 3 | ἀναφυγεῖν | ἀναφεύγω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Infinitive governed by λέγουσιν. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | DA-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 σπήλαιον | det | high | |
| 5 | σπήλαιον | σπήλαιον | NOUN | N-A-SN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἀναφυγεῖν | obj | high | Accusative of place/goal with ἀναφυγεῖν. |
| 6 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | DA-PA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 θυγατέρας | det | high | |
| 7 | θυγατέρας | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-A-PF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 ἀναφυγεῖν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 8 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | DA-PA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 Προίτου | det | high | |
| 9 | Προίτου | Προῖτος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 θυγατέρας | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitive dependent on θυγατέρας. |
| 10 | μανείσας | μαίνομαι | VERB | V-APP-PA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 7 θυγατέρας | acl | high | Aorist passive participle, agreeing with θυγατέρας; semantically inchoative ‘having gone mad’. |
| 11 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 λέγουσιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἃς | ὅς | PRON | PR-A-PA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 21 κατήγαγεν | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to the daughters. |
| 14 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | DA-SM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 Μελάμπους | det | high | |
| 15 | Μελάμπους | Μελάμπους | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 κατήγαγεν | nsubj | high | Proper name, nominative. |
| 16 | θυσίαις | θυσία | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 κατήγαγεν | obl | high | Dative instrumental/means. |
| 17 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 θυσίαις | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 18 | ἀπορρήτοις | ἀπόρρητος | ADJ | A-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 θυσίαις | amod | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 καθαρμοῖς | cc | high | Coordinates καθαρμοῖς with θυσίαις. |
| 20 | καθαρμοῖς | καθαρμός | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 θυσίαις | conj | high | Second instrumental dative coordinated with θυσίαις. |
| 21 | κατήγαγεν | κατάγω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 λέγουσιν | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 22 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 23 χωρίον | case | high | |
| 23 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N-A-SN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 κατήγαγεν | obl | high | Goal complement of κατήγαγεν. |
| 24 | καλούμενον | καλέω | VERB | V-PPP-SN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 23 χωρίον | acl | high | Participial modifier of χωρίον. |
| 25 | Λουσούς | Λουσοί | PROPN | N-NA-PF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 χωρίον | appos | medium | Place-name in apposition; form is treated as an accusative plural feminine to agree syntactically with the place designation. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 λέγουσιν | punct | high |
τοῦ μὲν δὴ ὄρους τῶν Ἀροανίων Φενεᾶται τὰ πολλὰ ἐνέμοντο· οἱ δὲ ἐν ὅροις ἤδη Κλειτορίων εἰσὶν οἱ Λουσοί.
Two coordinated clauses: Φενεᾶται are the subject of ἐνέμοντο, while οἱ Λουσοί are the subject of εἰσίν; τὰ πολλὰ is an accusative adverbial extent phrase. The second οἱ is substantival and Κλειτορίων is a genitive dependent on ὅροις.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ὄρους | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | Polarity=Pos | 10 ἐνέμοντο | discourse | high | Correlative with δὲ. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-------- | Polarity=Pos | 10 ἐνέμοντο | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ὄρους | ὄρος | NOUN | N----GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐνέμοντο | obl | high | Genitive of the territory/whole. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 Ἀροανίων | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἀροανίων | Ἀροάνιος | PROPN | A-----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ὄρους | nmod | high | Ethnic name modifying ὄρους. |
| 7 | Φενεᾶται | Φενεάτης | PROPN | N-----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐνέμοντο | nsubj | high | Demonym used as a proper plural subject. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T----APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 πολλὰ | det | high | |
| 9 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A----APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἐνέμοντο | obl | high | Substantivized accusative, adverbial in sense ‘for the most part’. |
| 10 | ἐνέμοντο | νέμω | VERB | V-IIM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐνέμοντο | punct | high | |
| 12 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 Λουσοί | det | high | Article with substantivized ethnic noun. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 εἰσὶν | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 ὅροις | case | high | |
| 15 | ὅροις | ὅρος | NOUN | N----DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 εἰσὶν | obl | high | ‘At/in the borders’. |
| 16 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D-------- | _ | 18 εἰσὶν | advmod | high | |
| 17 | Κλειτορίων | Κλειτόριος | PROPN | A-----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ὅροις | nmod | high | Ethnic adjective used substantivally, dependent on ὅροις. |
| 18 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἐνέμοντο | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate. |
| 19 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 Λουσοί | det | high | Substantivizing article. |
| 20 | Λουσοί | Λουσός | PROPN | N-----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 εἰσὶν | nsubj | high | Ethnic/place name used as a plural subject. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 εἰσὶν | punct | high |