Grammar parses for passage 8.19.3
Open translation for this passage
ὃς δʼ ἂν ὑπὸ κυνὸς κατασχέτου λύσσῃ ἤτοι ἕλκος ἢ καὶ ἄλλως κίνδυνον εὕρηται, τὸ ὕδωρ οἱ πίνοντι ἴαμα·
The syntax is difficult because the first part is a relative/conditional clause with an irregular subjunctive form, and the second part is elliptical/predicative with a dative participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | Pd | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 14 εὕρηται | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun introducing the conditional clause. |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 1 ὃς | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | G | _ | 14 εὕρηται | advmod | high | Modal particle with subjunctive. |
| 4 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R | _ | 5 κυνὸς | case | high | Takes genitive. |
| 5 | κυνὸς | κύων | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 εὕρηται | obl | high | Agent/source in passive-like construction. |
| 6 | κατασχέτου | κατέχω | ADJ | A-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 κυνὸς | amod | medium | Likely adjectival modifier of κυνός; form/lemma somewhat uncertain. |
| 7 | λύσσῃ | λύσσα | NOUN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 εὕρηται | obl | high | Dative of cause/instrument. |
| 8 | ἤτοι | ἤτοι | PART | G | _ | 9 ἕλκος | discourse | high | Discourse/disjunctive particle introducing alternative. |
| 9 | ἕλκος | ἕλκος | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 εὕρηται | obj | high | Object of the verb. |
| 10 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C | _ | 13 κίνδυνον | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | PART | G | _ | 12 ἄλλως | advmod | high | Intensifying/additive particle. |
| 12 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | D | _ | 13 κίνδυνον | advmod | high | Adverb modifying κίνδυνον. |
| 13 | κίνδυνον | κίνδυνος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 εὕρηται | conj | high | Coordinate object with ἕλκος. |
| 14 | εὕρηται | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-SAMM3- | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Subjunctive perfective form in a general/relative clause; parsing uncertain between subjunctive and perfect. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 εὕρηται | punct | high | Comma. |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 ὕδωρ | det | high | Article with ὕδωρ. |
| 17 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἴαμα | nsubj | high | Subject/predicate noun in the second clause. |
| 18 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 πίνοντι | det | low | Form is morphologically ambiguous here; likely article with participle. |
| 19 | πίνοντι | πίνω | VERB | V-PAPDMS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 ἴαμα | amod | medium | Dative participle used substantivally or adjectivally; likely modifies an implied person. |
| 20 | ἴαμα | ἴαμα | NOUN | N-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 εὕρηται | xcomp | medium | Likely predicate nominal: 'the water is a cure for the one drinking'. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 εὕρηται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
καὶ οὕτω φαίνοιτο ἂν Ἀρκάσι τὸ μὲν πρὸς Φενεῷ ὕδωρ, ὃ Στύγα ὀνομάζουσιν, ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπου συμφορᾷ ἀνευρημένον, ἡ δὲ πηγὴ ἡ ἐν Κυναιθαεῦσιν ἀγαθὸν οὖσα ἀντίρροπον τῷ ἐκεῖ πήματι.
The syntax is somewhat loose/paratactic: the first clause has φαίνοιτο as its main verb with a dative of reference, and the second clause is a nominal predication centered on πηγὴ with participial and adjectival complements.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 φαίνοιτο | cc | high | |
| 2 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | _ | _ | 3 φαίνοιτο | advmod | high | |
| 3 | φαίνοιτο | φαίνω | VERB | V-PPM-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | _ | _ | 3 φαίνοιτο | advmod | high | |
| 5 | Ἀρκάσι | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-PR---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 φαίνοιτο | iobj | high | Dative of reference/interest with φαίνοιτο. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-NS---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 6 τὸ | discourse | high | |
| 8 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R--------- | _ | 10 ὕδωρ | case | high | |
| 9 | Φενεῷ | Φενεός | PROPN | N-PRI---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 πρὸς | obl | high | Dative with πρός indicating location near Pheneos. |
| 10 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-NS---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 φαίνοιτο | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ὕδωρ | punct | high | |
| 12 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | P-NS---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 14 ὀνομάζουσιν | obj | high | Relative pronoun; object of ὀνομάζουσιν. |
| 13 | Στύγα | Στύγα | PROPN | N-ASF---NN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ὀνομάζουσιν | xcomp | medium | Predicate accusative in naming construction. |
| 14 | ὀνομάζουσιν | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 12 ὃ | acl:relcl | high | |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ὕδωρ | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R--------- | _ | 19 ἀνευρημένον | case | high | |
| 17 | ἀνθρώπου | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 συμφορᾷ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of συμφορᾷ. |
| 18 | συμφορᾷ | συμφορά | NOUN | N-DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἀνευρημένον | obl | high | Likely dative of cause/circumstance with ἐπί. |
| 19 | ἀνευρημένον | ἀνευρίσκω | VERB | V-RPP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 10 ὕδωρ | acl | high | Participle agreeing with ὕδωρ. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἀνευρημένον | punct | high | |
| 21 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-NS---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 πηγὴ | det | high | |
| 22 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 23 πηγὴ | discourse | high | |
| 23 | πηγὴ | πηγή | NOUN | N-NSF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second clause is paratactic; head chosen as root for the coordinated predication. |
| 24 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-NS---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 πηγὴ | det | high | |
| 25 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 23 πηγὴ | case | high | |
| 26 | Κυναιθαεῦσιν | Κυναιθά | PROPN | N-P---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἐν | obl | low | Place-name form is uncertain; dative plural with ἐν. |
| 27 | ἀγαθὸν | ἀγαθός | ADJ | A-NSN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 πηγὴ | xcomp | medium | Neuter predicate adjective modifying the clause/predication. |
| 28 | οὖσα | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 πηγὴ | acl | high | Participle agreeing with πηγὴ. |
| 29 | ἀντίρροπον | ἀντίρροπος | ADJ | A-NSN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 πηγὴ | xcomp | high | |
| 30 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-DS---MN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 32 πήματι | det | high | |
| 31 | ἐκεῖ | ἐκεῖ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 32 πήματι | advmod | high | |
| 32 | πήματι | πήμα | NOUN | N-DSN--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 ἀντίρροπον | obl | high | Dative complement of ἀντίρροπον. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 πηγὴ | punct | high |