Grammar parses for passage 8.19.3
Open translation for this passage
ὃς δʼ ἂν ὑπὸ κυνὸς κατασχέτου λύσσῃ ἤτοι ἕλκος ἢ καὶ ἄλλως κίνδυνον εὕρηται, τὸ ὕδωρ οἱ πίνοντι ἴαμα·
Relative conditional construction: ὃς ἄν ... εὕρηται governs the generic subject; κατασχέτου modifies κυνός, while τὸ ὕδωρ is the subject of the verbless clause with ἴαμα as predicate nominative and οἱ πίνοντι as dative of the person drinking. The form λύσσῃ is interpreted as an aorist active subjunctive, coordinated with ἕλκος/κίνδυνον as objects of εὑρίσκω; the text is syntactically difficult and this reading is low confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | RT--NSM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 14 εὕρηται | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun, generic subject of εὕρηται. |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 ὃς | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 λύσσῃ | aux | medium | Modal particle marking the indefinite/generic relative construction. |
| 4 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 κυνὸς | case | high | Preposition governing κυνός. |
| 5 | κυνὸς | κύων | NOUN | N----GS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 λύσσῃ | obl:agent | high | Genitive agent/source with passive-like κατασχέτου. |
| 6 | κατασχέτου | κατάσχετος | ADJ | A----GS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 κυνὸς | amod | high | Adjective modifying κυνός, ‘rabid’. |
| 7 | λύσσῃ | λύσσω | VERB | V---ASA-- | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 14 εὕρηται | advcl | low | Form and construction are difficult; analyzed as aorist active subjunctive in the relative condition, coordinated semantically with the object diagnoses. |
| 8 | ἤτοι | ἤτοι | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἕλκος | cc | high | Correlative coordinator introducing the first alternative. |
| 9 | ἕλκος | ἕλκος | NOUN | N----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 εὕρηται | obj | low | Nominal form is retained; semantically understood as one possible condition/result found, though accusative would be expected with εὑρίσκω. |
| 10 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 κίνδυνον | cc | high | Coordinator of the alternatives. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἄλλως | advmod | high | Adds emphasis to the second alternative. |
| 12 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 14 εὕρηται | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the finding/condition. |
| 13 | κίνδυνον | κίνδυνος | NOUN | N----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 εὕρηται | obj | high | Accusative object of εὕρηται. |
| 14 | εὕρηται | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V--AMS-3S | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist middle subjunctive, likely in the indefinite relative construction; middle may be deponent/semantic. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 εὕρηται | punct | high | |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L----NSN- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 17 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἴαμα | nsubj | high | Subject of the verbless clause. |
| 18 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P----DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 19 πίνοντι | iobj | medium | Dative pronoun, person for whom drinking is medicinal. |
| 19 | πίνοντι | πίνω | VERB | V-SPP-D-SM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 ἴαμα | advcl | high | Present active participle agreeing with the dative person; ‘for him while drinking’. |
| 20 | ἴαμα | ἴαμα | NOUN | N----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ὕδωρ | pred | high | Predicate nominative: the water is a remedy. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 εὕρηται | punct | high |
καὶ Ἄλυσσον τοῦδε ἕνεκα ὀνομάζουσι τὴν πηγήν·
Ἄλυσσον is parsed as a proper-name accusative coordinated with the object πηγήν; τοῦδε ἕνεκα forms a postpositive causal phrase modifying ὀνομάζουσι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ὀνομάζουσι | cc | high | |
| 2 | Ἄλυσσον | Ἄλυσσος | PROPN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ὀνομάζουσι | obj | medium | Proper name in the accusative; exact referent/declensional pattern is context-dependent. |
| 3 | τοῦδε | ὅδε | PRON | D---GSM | Case=Gen|Deixis=Prox|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἕνεκα | nmod | high | |
| 4 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | _ | _ | 5 ὀνομάζουσι | case | high | Postpositive genitive-governing preposition. |
| 5 | ὀνομάζουσι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T---ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 πηγήν | det | high | |
| 7 | πηγήν | πηγή | NOUN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ὀνομάζουσι | obj | high | |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ὀνομάζουσι | punct | high |
καὶ οὕτω φαίνοιτο ἂν Ἀρκάσι τὸ μὲν πρὸς Φενεῷ ὕδωρ, ὃ Στύγα ὀνομάζουσιν, ἐπʼ ἀνθρώπου συμφορᾷ ἀνευρημένον, ἡ δὲ πηγὴ ἡ ἐν Κυναιθαεῦσιν ἀγαθὸν οὖσα ἀντίρροπον τῷ ἐκεῖ πήματι.
The sentence has two coordinated nominative subjects (ὕδωρ ... ἡ πηγή) under φαίνοιτο; the second predicate ἀντίρροπον is understood with the copular participle οὖσα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 φαίνοιτο | cc | high | |
| 2 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | _ | PronType=Dem | 3 φαίνοιτο | advmod | high | |
| 3 | φαίνοιτο | φαίνω | VERB | V-PAO-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Potential optative with ἄν. |
| 4 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | _ | _ | 3 φαίνοιτο | aux | high | |
| 5 | Ἀρκάσι | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 φαίνοιτο | iobj | high | |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 10 ὕδωρ | discourse | high | Correlative μὲν ... δέ. |
| 8 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 9 Φενεῷ | case | high | |
| 9 | Φενεῷ | Φενεός | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ὕδωρ | nmod | high | Place name governed by πρὸς. |
| 10 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 φαίνοιτο | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ὕδωρ | punct | high | |
| 12 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 14 ὀνομάζουσιν | obj | high | |
| 13 | Στύγα | Στύξ | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ὀνομάζουσιν | xcomp | medium | Predicate accusative/name complement with ὀνομάζουσιν. |
| 14 | ὀνομάζουσιν | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 ὕδωρ | acl:relcl | high | |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ὀνομάζουσιν | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 18 συμφορᾷ | case | high | Elided form; governs dative. |
| 17 | ἀνθρώπου | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 συμφορᾷ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on συμφορᾷ. |
| 18 | συμφορᾷ | συμφορά | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἀνευρημένον | obl | high | |
| 19 | ἀνευρημένον | ἀνευρίσκω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 10 ὕδωρ | acl | high | Participial modifier agreeing with ὕδωρ. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἀνευρημένον | punct | high | |
| 21 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 πηγὴ | det | high | |
| 22 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 πηγὴ | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μὲν. |
| 23 | πηγὴ | πηγή | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 φαίνοιτο | nsubj | high | |
| 24 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 πηγὴ | det | high | |
| 25 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 26 Κυναιθαεῦσιν | case | high | |
| 26 | Κυναιθαεῦσιν | Κυναιθαεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 πηγὴ | nmod | high | Locative phrase modifying πηγὴ. |
| 27 | ἀγαθὸν | ἀγαθός | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 οὖσα | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective with οὖσα. |
| 28 | οὖσα | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 πηγὴ | acl | high | Participial modifier agreeing with πηγὴ. |
| 29 | ἀντίρροπον | ἀντίρροπος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 πηγὴ | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective, with omitted/copular relation to πηγὴ. |
| 30 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 32 πήματι | det | high | |
| 31 | ἐκεῖ | ἐκεῖ | ADV | _ | _ | 32 πήματι | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier of πήματι. |
| 32 | πήματι | πῆμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 ἀντίρροπον | obl | high | Dative complement of ἀντίρροπον. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 φαίνοιτο | punct | high |