Grammar parses for passage 8.19.4
Open translation for this passage
λείπεται δὲ ἐκ Φενεοῦ τῶν ὁδῶν, αἵ εἰσι πρὸς ἡλίου δυσμῶν, ἡ ἐν ἀριστερᾷ.
The impersonal/passive λείπεται means ‘there remains/is left’; ἡ ἐν ἀριστερᾷ is the subject, with τῶν ὁδῶν partitive/genitive dependent on λείπεται. αἵ introduces a relative clause modifying ὁδῶν; πρὸς ἡλίου δυσμῶν means ‘toward the west/sunset’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λείπεται | λείπω | VERB | V3SPI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/passive or middle-passive ‘is left/remains’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λείπεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Φενεοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing Φενεοῦ. |
| 4 | Φενεοῦ | Φενεός | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 λείπεται | obl | high | Place-name in the genitive after ἐκ. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA--GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ὁδῶν | det | high | Article with ὁδῶν. |
| 6 | ὁδῶν | ὁδός | NOUN | N--GFP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 λείπεται | obl | high | Partitive genitive: ‘of the roads’. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 αἵ | punct | high | |
| 8 | αἵ | ὅς | PRON | RR--NFP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 εἰσι | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun, antecedent ὁδῶν; nominative subject of εἰσι. |
| 9 | εἰσι | εἰμί | AUX | V3PPAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 ὁδῶν | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause copula. |
| 10 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 δυσμῶν | case | high | Preposition governing ἡλίου δυσμῶν. |
| 11 | ἡλίου | ἥλιος | NOUN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 δυσμῶν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δυσμῶν. |
| 12 | δυσμῶν | δυσμή | NOUN | N--GFP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 εἰσι | obl | medium | Genitive plural ‘settings/west’; phrase πρὸς ἡλίου δυσμῶν locates the roads. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἡ | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | RA--NFS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 λείπεται | nsubj | high | Article substantivizing the following adjectival/locative phrase; ‘the one’. |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 ἀριστερᾷ | case | high | Preposition governing ἀριστερᾷ. |
| 16 | ἀριστερᾷ | ἀριστερός | ADJ | A--DFS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἡ | obl | high | Substantivized feminine adjective, ‘the left-hand [road]’. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λείπεται | punct | high |
αὕτη δὲ ἡ ὁδὸς ἄγει μὲν ἐς Κλείτορα, καθήκει δὲ παρὰ τοῦ Ἡρακλέους τὸ ἔργον, ὃ τῷ ποταμῷ ῥεῦμα ἐποίησεν εἶναι τῷ Ἀροανίῳ.
Two coordinated predicates share ἡ ὁδός: ἄγει μέν ... καθήκει δέ. The relative clause modifies τὸ ἔργον; ὃ is its object, while ῥεῦμα is the predicate accusative with εἶναι, and τῷ ποταμῷ / τῷ Ἀροανίῳ are dative complements. παρὰ τοῦ Ἡρακλέους is interpreted as source/origin.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὕτη | οὗτος | PRON | PD--NF-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ὁδὸς | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 καθήκει | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause; discourse particle. |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | DA--NF-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ὁδὸς | det | high | |
| 4 | ὁδὸς | ὁδός | NOUN | NN--NF-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἄγει | nsubj | high | Shared subject of ἄγει and καθήκει. |
| 5 | ἄγει | ἄγω | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 5 ἄγει | discourse | high | Correlative with δὲ before καθήκει. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Κλείτορα | case | high | |
| 8 | Κλείτορα | Κλείτωρ | PROPN | NP--AM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἄγει | obl | high | Destination complement of ἄγει. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἄγει | punct | high | |
| 10 | καθήκει | καθήκω | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἄγει | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate with shared subject. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 καθήκει | cc | high | Correlative with μέν. |
| 12 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 Ἡρακλέους | case | high | With genitive, indicating source/origin. |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | DA--GM-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Ἡρακλέους | det | high | |
| 14 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | NP--GM-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἔργον | obl | high | Source/origin associated with τὸ ἔργον. |
| 15 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | DA--NA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 ἔργον | det | high | |
| 16 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | NN--NA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 καθήκει | obj | medium | Accusative object of καθήκει; παρὰ τοῦ Ἡρακλέους may alternatively be analyzed as a modifier of καθήκει. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἔργον | punct | high | |
| 18 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | PR--NA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 22 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | Relative object of ἐποίησεν; antecedent τὸ ἔργον. |
| 19 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | DA--DM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 ποταμῷ | det | high | |
| 20 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | NN--DM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ῥεῦμα | obl | medium | Dative complement with ῥεῦμα εἶναι; may be construed as the river to which the stream belongs. |
| 21 | ῥεῦμα | ῥεῦμα | NOUN | NN--NA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative after εἶναι. |
| 22 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V3SIAAA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 18 ὃ | acl:rel | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 23 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 22 ἐποίησεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἐποίησεν. |
| 24 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | DA--DM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 Ἀροανίῳ | det | high | |
| 25 | Ἀροανίῳ | Ἀροάνιος | PROPN | NP--DM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ῥεῦμα | obl | medium | Dative complement associated with ῥεῦμα εἶναι; likely names the river Arōanius. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἄγει | punct | high |
παρὰ τοῦτο ἡ ὁδὸς κάτεισιν ἐπὶ χωρίον Λυκουρίαν, καὶ ἔστι Φενεάταις ἡ Λυκουρία πρὸς Κλειτορίους ὅροι τῆς γῆς.
The first clause has ἡ ὁδός as subject and χωρίον Λυκουρίαν as the destination of ἐπί; the second clause is existential, with ἡ Λυκουρία as subject and ὅροι ... as its predicate, while Φενεάταις is the dative possessor/reference.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 2 τοῦτο | case | high | |
| 2 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 κάτεισιν | obl | high | Adverbial accusative with παρά. |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | DA----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ὁδὸς | det | high | |
| 4 | ὁδὸς | ὁδός | NOUN | N----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 κάτεισιν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | κάτεισιν | κάτειμι | VERB | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 7 χωρίον | case | high | Takes accusative for motion toward. |
| 7 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 κάτεισιν | obl | high | |
| 8 | Λυκουρίαν | Λυκουρία | PROPN | Ne----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 χωρίον | appos | high | Place-name in apposition to χωρίον. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 κάτεισιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἔστι | cc | high | |
| 11 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 κάτεισιν | conj | high | Existential/copular clause coordinated with the first clause. |
| 12 | Φενεάταις | Φενεάτης | PROPN | Ne----DP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 Λυκουρία | iobj | high | Dative of possession/reference. |
| 13 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | DA----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Λυκουρία | det | high | |
| 14 | Λυκουρία | Λυκουρία | PROPN | Ne----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Subject of existential εἰμί. |
| 15 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 16 Κλειτορίους | case | high | |
| 16 | Κλειτορίους | Κλειτόριος | PROPN | Ne----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ὅροι | nmod | high | Accusative governed by πρός, referring to the Cleitorians. |
| 17 | ὅροι | ὅρος | NOUN | N----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἔστι | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominal of εἰμί; number mismatch with singular subject reflects the source construction. |
| 18 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | DA----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 γῆς | det | high | |
| 19 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | N----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ὅροι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὅροι: boundaries of the land. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔστι | punct | high |