Grammar parses for passage 8.19.4
Open translation for this passage
λείπεται δὲ ἐκ Φενεοῦ τῶν ὁδῶν, αἵ εἰσι πρὸς ἡλίου δυσμῶν, ἡ ἐν ἀριστερᾷ.
The clause has compressed geography-style syntax: λείπεται governs the source phrase ἐκ Φενεοῦ τῶν ὁδῶν, and the relative clause with εἰσι uses a prepositional predicate, while ἡ ἐν ἀριστερᾷ appears elliptic and somewhat appositional.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λείπεται | λείπω | VERB | V-3spip-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 λείπεται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 Φενεοῦ | case | high | Introduces source. |
| 4 | Φενεοῦ | Φενεός | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 λείπεται | obl | high | Governed by ἐκ. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ὁδῶν | det | high | Article with ὁδῶν. |
| 6 | ὁδῶν | ὁδός | NOUN | N-P---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 λείπεται | obl | high | Partitive/source genitive dependent on λείπεται; phrase clarified by relative clause. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λείπεται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | αἵ | ὅς | PRON | P-P---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 εἰσι | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to ὁδοί. |
| 9 | εἰσι | εἰμί | AUX | V-3ppia-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 αἵ | cop | medium | Copula in relative clause; attached to following predicate/adverbial phrase. |
| 10 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 δυσμῶν | case | high | Preposition governing δυσμῶν. |
| 11 | ἡλίου | ἥλιος | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 δυσμῶν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on δυσμῶν, likely specifying sunset 'of the sun'. |
| 12 | δυσμῶν | δυσμή | NOUN | N-P---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 εἰσι | obl | medium | Adverbial/oblique phrase with πρὸς; clause predicate expressed by prepositional phrase. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λείπεται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἀριστερᾷ | det | high | Article with ἀριστερᾷ. |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 ἀριστερᾷ | case | high | Preposition used substantively/elliptically. |
| 16 | ἀριστερᾷ | ἀριστερός | ADJ | A-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 αἵ | appos | medium | Likely appositive/elliptic directional phrase modifying the relative clause; syntax is somewhat compressed. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λείπεται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
αὕτη δὲ ἡ ὁδὸς ἄγει μὲν ἐς Κλείτορα, καθήκει δὲ παρὰ τοῦ Ἡρακλέους τὸ ἔργον, ὃ τῷ ποταμῷ ῥεῦμα ἐποίησεν εἶναι τῷ Ἀροανίῳ.
The syntax is coordinated: two main verbs (ἄγει, καθήκει); the relative clause ὃ ... ἐποίησεν εἶναι ... is attached to ἔργον, with Ἀροανίῳ taken as a dative complement of εἶναι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὕτη | οὗτος | PRON | Pd--fsn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ὁδὸς | nsubj | high | Demonstrative pronoun modifying the noun phrase as subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | D--------- | _ | 4 ὁδὸς | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ὁδὸς | det | high | Article with ὁδός. |
| 4 | ὁδὸς | ὁδός | NOUN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἄγει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἄγει. |
| 5 | ἄγει | ἄγω | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the first clause. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 5 ἄγει | discourse | high | Correlative particle with δέ. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 8 Κλείτορα | case | high | Preposition governing Κλείτορα. |
| 8 | Κλείτορα | Κλείτωρ | PROPN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἄγει | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἄγει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | καθήκει | καθήκω | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main verb in coordinate clause. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | PART | D--------- | _ | 10 καθήκει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 12 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | r-------- | _ | 14 Ἡρακλέους | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Ἡρακλέους | det | high | Article with Ἡρακλέους. |
| 14 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 καθήκει | obl | high | Genitive complement of παρὰ. |
| 15 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 ἔργον | det | high | Article with ἔργον. |
| 16 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 καθήκει | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of καθήκει in the sense 'the work/feat lies'. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 καθήκει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | Pr--nsn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 22 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to ἔργον. |
| 19 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 ποταμῷ | det | high | Article with ποταμῷ. |
| 20 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | n-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἐποίησεν | obl | high | Dative complement with ἐποίησεν, likely indirect object or beneficiary. |
| 21 | ῥεῦμα | ῥεῦμα | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἐποίησεν. |
| 22 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 18 ὃ | acl:relcl | high | Verb of the relative clause modifying ἔργον. |
| 23 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | v--pna--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 22 ἐποίησεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after ἐποίησεν. |
| 24 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 25 Ἀροανίῳ | det | high | Article with Ἀροανίῳ. |
| 25 | Ἀροανίῳ | Ἀροάνιος | ADJ | a-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 εἶναι | obl | medium | Adjectival form used substantively for the Aroanios river; attached to εἶναι as the dative complement. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 καθήκει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
παρὰ τοῦτο ἡ ὁδὸς κάτεισιν ἐπὶ χωρίον Λυκουρίαν, καὶ ἔστι Φενεάταις ἡ Λυκουρία πρὸς Κλειτορίους ὅροι τῆς γῆς.
The second clause is elliptical/compressed; ὅροι is treated as the predicate complement of ἔστι with γῆς as a genitive modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R- | Case=ACC | 2 τοῦτο | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 2 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | Pd- | Case=ACC|Gender=NEUT|Number=SG | 5 κάτεισιν | obl | high | Object of preposition παρὰ. |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | RA- | Case=NOM|Gender=FEM|Number=SG | 4 ὁδὸς | det | high | Article modifying ὁδός. |
| 4 | ὁδὸς | ὁδός | NOUN | N- | Case=NOM|Gender=FEM|Number=SG | 5 κάτεισιν | nsubj | high | Subject of κάτεισιν. |
| 5 | κάτεισιν | κάτειμι | VERB | V- | Mood=IND|Number=SG|Person=3|Tense=PRS|Voice=ACT | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | Case=ACC | 7 χωρίον | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 7 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N- | Case=ACC|Gender=NEUT|Number=SG | 5 κάτεισιν | obl | high | Goal/location with ἐπί. |
| 8 | Λυκουρίαν | Λυκουρία | PROPN | Ne- | Case=ACC|Gender=FEM|Number=SG | 7 χωρίον | appos | medium | Likely apposition to χωρίον, naming the place. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 κάτεισιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CO | _ | 11 ἔστι | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 11 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V- | Mood=IND|Number=SG|Person=3|Tense=PRS|Voice=ACT | 5 κάτεισιν | conj | high | Second coordinated clause. |
| 12 | Φενεάταις | Φενεάται | PROPN | Ne- | Case=DAT|Gender=MASC|Number=PL | 11 ἔστι | obl | high | Dative of reference/possession with ἔστι. |
| 13 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | RA- | Case=NOM|Gender=FEM|Number=SG | 14 Λυκουρία | det | high | Article modifying Λυκουρία. |
| 14 | Λυκουρία | Λυκουρία | PROPN | Ne- | Case=NOM|Gender=FEM|Number=SG | 17 ὅροι | nsubj | high | Subject/predicate nominal of the existential clause. |
| 15 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R- | Case=ACC | 16 Κλειτορίους | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 16 | Κλειτορίους | Κλειτόριοι | PROPN | Ne- | Case=ACC|Gender=MASC|Number=PL | 17 ὅροι | obl | high | Complement of ὅροι with πρός. |
| 17 | ὅροι | ὅρος | NOUN | N- | Case=NOM|Gender=MASC|Number=PL | 11 ἔστι | xcomp | medium | Likely predicate complement in the existential clause; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 18 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA- | Case=GEN|Gender=FEM|Number=SG | 19 γῆς | det | high | Article modifying γῆς. |
| 19 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | N- | Case=GEN|Gender=FEM|Number=SG | 17 ὅροι | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ὅροι. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |