Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 8.20.1

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Passage 8.20.1

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4sentences parsed

88Greek tokens

3,089input tokens

6,317output tokens

Sentence 1

8.20.1 sentence 1

Tokens: 15
Input: 705
Output: 1,163
Total: 1,868

προελθόντων δὲ σταδίους ὡς πεντήκοντα ἐκ Λυκουρίας, ἐπὶ τοῦ Λάδωνος ἀφίξῃ τὰς πηγάς·

Genitive absolute προελθόντων δέ introduces a temporal circumstance; σταδίους ὡς πεντήκοντα is an accusative measure phrase, and ἐπὶ τοῦ Λάδωνος governs the object τὰς πηγάς of ἀφίξῃ. The second-person future form ἀφίξῃ is morphologically ambiguous in isolation but is taken here as future middle indicative.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	προελθόντων	προέρχομαι	VERB	V-AAP-GPM	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Plural\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	12 ἀφίξῃ	advcl	high	Genitive absolute participle.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	12 ἀφίξῃ	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	σταδίους	στάδιον	NOUN	N-AAM-PA	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Plural	5 πεντήκοντα	obl	high	Accusative of distance/measure.
4	ὡς	ὡς	ADV	ADV	_	5 πεντήκοντα	advmod	high	Approximation particle/adverb.
5	πεντήκοντα	πεντήκοντα	NUM	ADJ-A-NPF	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Neuter\|NumType=Card\|Number=Plural	1 προελθόντων	obl	medium	Cardinal numeral associated with σταδίους; indeclinable form.
6	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	Case=Genitive	7 Λυκουρίας	case	high	Preposition governing the source place.
7	Λυκουρίας	Λυκουρία	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	1 προελθόντων	obl	high	Place-name governed by ἐκ.
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	12 ἀφίξῃ	punct	high
9	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	PREP	Case=Genitive	11 Λάδωνος	case	high	Preposition with genitive, location near/on the Ladon.
10	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	11 Λάδωνος	det	high
11	Λάδωνος	Λάδων	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	12 ἀφίξῃ	obl	high	River name governed by ἐπί.
12	ἀφίξῃ	ἀφικνέομαι	VERB	V-FMI-2S	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Singular\|Person=2\|Tense=Future\|Voice=Middle	0 ROOT	root	medium	Future middle indicative; the form is homographic with aorist subjunctive middle.
13	τὰς	ὁ	DET	T-APF	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Plural	14 πηγάς	det	high
14	πηγάς	πηγή	NOUN	N-AFP	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Plural	12 ἀφίξῃ	obj	high	Direct object of ἀφίξῃ.
15	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	12 ἀφίξῃ	punct	high

Sentence 2

8.20.1 sentence 2

Tokens: 29
Input: 839
Output: 2,016
Total: 2,855

ἤκουσα δὲ ὡς τὸ ὕδωρ τὸ λιμνάζον ἐν τῇ Φενεατικῇ, κατερχόμενον ἐς τὰ βάραθρα τὰ ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν, ἄνεισιν ἐνταῦθα καὶ ποιεῖ τῷ Λάδωνι τὰς πηγάς.

The ὡς-clause is the content complement of ἤκουσα; ὕδωρ is the shared subject of the coordinated predicates ἄνεισιν and ποιεῖ, with participial modifiers κατερχόμενον and λιμνάζον.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἤκουσα	ἀκούω	VERB	V-1SIAI	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	21 ἄνεισιν	ccomp	high	Aorist first-person verb governing the ὡς-clause.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ἤκουσα	cc	high
3	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ἤκουσα	mark	high	Introduces the content clause.
4	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSNA	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 ὕδωρ	det	high
5	ὕδωρ	ὕδωρ	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	21 ἄνεισιν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἄνεισιν and ποιεῖ.
6	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSNA	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	7 λιμνάζον	det	high
7	λιμνάζον	λιμνάζω	VERB	V-PAPNSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	5 ὕδωρ	acl	high	Attributive present participle modifying ὕδωρ.
8	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	10 Φενεατικῇ	case	high
9	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 Φενεατικῇ	det	high
10	Φενεατικῇ	Φενεατικός	ADJ	A-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 λιμνάζον	obl	high	Locative complement of λιμνάζον.
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	12 κατερχόμενον	punct	high
12	κατερχόμενον	κατέρχομαι	VERB	V-PMPNSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	21 ἄνεισιν	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle agreeing with ὕδωρ.
13	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	15 βάραθρα	case	high
14	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	15 βάραθρα	det	high
15	βάραθρα	βάραθρον	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	12 κατερχόμενον	obl	high	Goal complement of κατερχόμενον.
16	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	15 βάραθρα	det	high	Article in the postpositive attributive phrase.
17	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	19 ὄρεσιν	case	high
18	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	19 ὄρεσιν	det	high
19	ὄρεσιν	ὄρος	NOUN	N-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	15 βάραθρα	nmod	high	Relative locative specification of the βάραθρα.
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	12 κατερχόμενον	punct	high
21	ἄνεισιν	ἄνειμι	VERB	V-3SIAI	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main predicate of the content clause.
22	ἐνταῦθα	ἐνταῦθα	ADV	ADV	_	21 ἄνεισιν	advmod	high
23	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	24 ποιεῖ	cc	high	Coordinates the second predicate.
24	ποιεῖ	ποιέω	VERB	V-3SIAI	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	21 ἄνεισιν	conj	high	Coordinated predicate with shared subject ὕδωρ.
25	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	26 Λάδωνι	det	high
26	Λάδωνι	Λάδων	PROPN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	24 ποιεῖ	iobj	high	Dative recipient/possessor with ποιεῖ.
27	τὰς	ὁ	DET	T-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	28 πηγάς	det	high
28	πηγάς	πηγή	NOUN	N-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	24 ποιεῖ	obj	high	Object of ποιεῖ.
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	21 ἄνεισιν	punct	high

Sentence 3

8.20.1 sentence 3

Tokens: 15
Input: 709
Output: 1,120
Total: 1,829

τοῦτο μὲν δὴ οὐκ ἔχω σαφῶς εἰπεῖν, εἴτε οὕτως εἴτε ἄλλως ἐστὶν ἔχον·

The εἴτε...εἴτε clause is the content of the inability to state σαφῶς; ἔχον is a predicative participle with τοῦτο as its understood/neuter subject, and ἐστὶν functions as copula.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τοῦτο	οὗτος	PRON	Pd-ne-s	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 ἔχω	obj	high	Accusative-like neuter form is identical to nominative; functions as the topic/object of ἔχω.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	G-------	_	1 τοῦτο	discourse	high	Correlative/topic particle.
3	δὴ	δή	PART	G-------	_	5 ἔχω	discourse	high	Emphatic discourse particle.
4	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	T--------	Polarity=Neg	5 ἔχω	advmod	high	Negates ἔχω.
5	ἔχω	ἔχω	VERB	V-PIA-1S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Finite matrix verb.
6	σαφῶς	σαφῶς	ADV	D--------	_	7 εἰπεῖν	advmod	high	Adverb modifying εἰπεῖν; lexicalized adverb lemma.
7	εἰπεῖν	λέγω	VERB	V-2AAN--	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	5 ἔχω	xcomp	high	Articular-free complementary infinitive after ἔχω.
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἔχω	punct	high
9	εἴτε	εἴτε	SCONJ	C--------	_	13 ἐστὶν	mark	high	First member of alternative subordinate clause.
10	οὕτως	οὕτως	ADV	D--------	_	14 ἔχον	advmod	high	Adverb modifying the participial predicate.
11	εἴτε	εἴτε	SCONJ	C--------	_	13 ἐστὶν	cc	high	Second member of the εἴτε...εἴτε alternative.
12	ἄλλως	ἄλλως	ADV	D--------	_	14 ἔχον	advmod	high	Adverb modifying the participial predicate.
13	ἐστὶν	εἰμί	AUX	V-PIA-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	14 ἔχον	cop	high	Copula with substantive/attributive participle ἔχον.
14	ἔχον	ἔχω	VERB	V-PPA-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	7 εἰπεῖν	ccomp	medium	Neuter nominative present participle, understood with τοῦτο; εἴτε...εἴτε clause reports whether it is in this or another condition.
15	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἔχω	punct	high

Sentence 4

8.20.1 sentence 4

Tokens: 29
Input: 836
Output: 2,018
Total: 2,854

ὁ δὲ Λάδων ποταμῶν τῶν ἐν Ἑλλάδι ὕδωρ παρέχεται κάλλιστον, ἔχει δὲ καὶ ἄλλως ἐς ἀνθρώπους φήμην Δάφνης τε εἵνεκα καὶ †τὰ ᾀδόμενα ἐς τὴν Δάφνην.

The sentence has two coordinated predicates; the final crux-marked phrase is analyzed as a substantivized participle expressing songs/stories about Daphne, but its precise attachment is uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὁ	ὁ	DET	article-nom-masc-sg	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 Λάδων	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	conj	_	12 ἔχει	cc	high	Connects the second clause.
3	Λάδων	Λάδων	PROPN	noun-nom-masc-sg	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 παρέχεται	nsubj	high
4	ποταμῶν	ποταμός	NOUN	noun-gen-masc-pl	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 κάλλιστον	obl	medium	Partitive genitive with κάλλιστον understood as ‘the finest’; semantically dependent on the predicate.
5	τῶν	ὁ	DET	article-gen-masc-pl	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 ποταμῶν	det	high
6	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	prep	_	7 Ἑλλάδι	case	high
7	Ἑλλάδι	Ἑλλάς	PROPN	noun-dat-fem-sg	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 ποταμῶν	nmod	high
8	ὕδωρ	ὕδωρ	NOUN	noun-acc-neut-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	9 παρέχεται	obj	high
9	παρέχεται	παρέχω	VERB	verb-pres-mid-ind-3sg	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high
10	κάλλιστον	καλός	ADJ	adj-superl-acc-neut-sg	Case=Acc\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 ὕδωρ	amod	high	Predicative/object-oriented superlative: ‘provides the finest water’.
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	9 παρέχεται	punct	high
12	ἔχει	ἔχω	VERB	verb-pres-act-ind-3sg	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	9 παρέχεται	conj	high	Second coordinated predicate with Λάδων as subject.
13	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	conj	_	12 ἔχει	cc	high
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	conj	_	18 φήμην	cc	high	Additive particle introducing the manner/adverbial phrase.
15	ἄλλως	ἄλλως	ADV	adv	_	12 ἔχει	advmod	high
16	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	prep	_	17 ἀνθρώπους	case	high
17	ἀνθρώπους	ἄνθρωπος	NOUN	noun-acc-masc-pl	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 φήμην	nmod	medium	Accusative with εἰς in the phrase ‘among/to people’; semantically modifies φήμην.
18	φήμην	φήμη	NOUN	noun-acc-fem-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 ἔχει	obj	high
19	Δάφνης	Δάφνη	PROPN	noun-gen-fem-sg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 εἵνεκα	obl	high	Genitive with εἵνεκα.
20	τε	τε	CCONJ	conj	_	19 Δάφνης	cc	medium	Coordinates the following cause with the preceding Δάφνης εἵνεκα; attachment is structurally loose.
21	εἵνεκα	εἵνεκα	ADP	postposition	_	18 φήμην	case	high	Postposition governing Δάφνης.
22	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	conj	_	25 ᾀδόμενα	cc	medium	Coordinates the second source/reason for the fame phrase.
23	†	†	SYM	_	_	25 ᾀδόμενα	dep	low	Crux marker; syntactic status is editorial and uncertain.
24	τὰ	ὁ	DET	article-acc-neut-pl	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	25 ᾀδόμενα	det	high
25	ᾀδόμενα	ᾄδω	VERB	part-pres-mid-pass-acc-neut-pl	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	18 φήμην	nmod	medium	Substantivized participle, ‘the things sung’; exact relation of the crux-marked phrase is editorially uncertain.
26	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	prep	_	28 Δάφνην	case	high
27	τὴν	ὁ	DET	article-acc-fem-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	28 Δάφνην	det	high
28	Δάφνην	Δάφνη	PROPN	noun-acc-fem-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	25 ᾀδόμενα	nmod	high	Object of ἐς within the substantivized participial phrase.
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	9 παρέχεται	punct	high

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