Grammar parses for passage 8.20.2
Open translation for this passage
τοῦ λόγου δὲ τοῦ ἐς Δάφνην τὰ μὲν Σύροις τοῖς οἰκοῦσιν ἐπὶ Ὀρόντῃ ποταμῷ παρίημι, λέγεται δὲ καὶ ἄλλα τοιάδε ὑπὸ Ἀρκάδων καὶ Ἠλείων.
The sentence has two coordinated clauses: παρίημι governs the topicalized/genitive phrase τοῦ λόγου ... with τὰ μέν marking the material passed over, while λέγεται is impersonal/passive with ἄλλα τοιάδε as nominative subject and ὑπό + genitive agent. The form οἰκοῦσιν is substantivized dative plural participle agreeing with τοῖς Σύροις.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 2 λόγου | det | high | |
| 2 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 παρίημι | obj | medium | Genitive object/topic with παρίημι; syntactically fronted. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 παρίημι | cc | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Δάφνην | det | high | Article agreeing with substantivized ἐς Δάφνην phrase. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Δάφνην | case | high | |
| 6 | Δάφνην | Δάφνη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 λόγου | nmod | high | Object of ἐς; identifies the λόγος. |
| 7 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 παρίημι | obj | high | Substantivizing article with implied contents. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 7 τὰ | advmod | high | Correlative μέν; δέ follows at token 18. |
| 9 | Σύροις | Σύρος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 οἰκοῦσιν | obl | medium | Dative of reference/agent-like association with οἰκοῦσιν. |
| 10 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 οἰκοῦσιν | det | high | |
| 11 | οἰκοῦσιν | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 Σύροις | acl | high | Substantivized participle, agreeing with τοῖς Σύροις. |
| 12 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 Ὀρόντῃ | case | high | |
| 13 | Ὀρόντῃ | Ὀρόντης | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 οἰκοῦσιν | obl | high | Location with ἐπί. |
| 14 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Ὀρόντῃ | appos | high | Apposition identifying the Orontes as a river. |
| 15 | παρίημι | παρίημι | VERB | V-PAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _________ | _ | 15 παρίημι | punct | high | |
| 17 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 15 παρίημι | conj | medium | Passive/impersonal use is possible despite middle-form morphology. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 λέγεται | cc | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 ἄλλα | cc | high | Coordinates the additional material. |
| 20 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 λέγεται | nsubj | medium | Neuter plural subject with λέγεται; accusative form may reflect impersonal construction or textual variation. |
| 21 | τοιάδε | τοιόσδε | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 20 ἄλλα | amod | medium | Nominal demonstrative agreeing semantically with ἄλλα; case mismatch is textually/syntactically difficult. |
| 22 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 Ἀρκάδων | case | high | |
| 23 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 λέγεται | obl:agent | high | |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 Ἠλείων | cc | high | |
| 25 | Ἠλείων | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 Ἀρκάδων | conj | high | Coordinated with Ἀρκάδων under ὑπό. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _________ | _ | 17 λέγεται | punct | high |
Οἰνομάῳ τῷ δυναστεύσαντι ἐν Πίσῃ Λεύκιππος ἦν υἱός.
Dative Οἰνομάῳ τῷ δυναστεύσαντι is an attributive dative of possession/association with υἱός; ἦν is copular, with υἱός as predicate nominative and Λεύκιππος as subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Οἰνομάῳ | Οἰνόμαος | PROPN | N--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 υἱός | obl | high | |
| 2 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | P--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 δυναστεύσαντι | det | high | |
| 3 | δυναστεύσαντι | δυναστεύω | VERB | V--AAPDSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 Οἰνομάῳ | acl | high | Attributive aorist active participle agreeing with Οἰνομάῳ. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 Πίσῃ | case | high | |
| 5 | Πίσῃ | Πῖσα | PROPN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 δυναστεύσαντι | obl | high | |
| 6 | Λεύκιππος | Λεύκιππος | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 υἱός | cop | high | |
| 8 | υἱός | υἱός | NOUN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate nominative: ‘Leucippus was a son (of Oenomaus).’ |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 υἱός | punct | high |
οὗτος ἐρασθεὶς Δάφνης ὁ Λεύκιππος ἐκ μὲν τοῦ εὐθέος μνώμενος γυναῖκα ἕξειν ἀπεγίνωσκεν αὐτὴν ἅτε ἅπαν τὸ ἄρσεν γένος φεύγουσαν·
Λεύκιππος is the subject of ἀπεγίνωσκεν; the infinitive phrase ἕξειν γυναῖκα is its complement, with αὐτήν as accusative infinitive subject. The participle φεύγουσαν explains why he rejected marrying her.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | PD-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 Λεύκιππος | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | ἐρασθεὶς | ἐράω | VERB | V-APP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 5 Λεύκιππος | acl | high | Aorist passive participle, with genitive object. |
| 3 | Δάφνης | Δάφνη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 ἐρασθεὶς | obj | high | |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Λεύκιππος | det | high | |
| 5 | Λεύκιππος | Λεύκιππος | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀπεγίνωσκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 10 μνώμενος | case | high | |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 13 ἀπεγίνωσκεν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν, with no following δέ in this sentence. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GNS | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 εὐθέος | det | high | |
| 9 | εὐθέος | εὐθύς | ADJ | A-GNS | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐκ | obl | high | Substantivized genitive phrase: 'straightaway/immediately'. |
| 10 | μνώμενος | μνάομαι | VERB | V-PPNMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 13 ἀπεγίνωσκεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, 'while courting'. |
| 11 | γυναῖκα | γυνή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἕξειν | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative with infinitive ἕξειν. |
| 12 | ἕξειν | ἔχω | VERB | V-FAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 ἀπεγίνωσκεν | xcomp | high | Future infinitive governed by ἀπεγίνωσκεν. |
| 13 | ἀπεγίνωσκεν | ἀπογιγνώσκω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 12 ἕξειν | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive, coreferential with Δάφνη. |
| 15 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 φεύγουσαν | mark | high | Introduces causal participial construction. |
| 16 | ἅπαν | ἅπας | ADJ | A-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 γένος | amod | high | |
| 17 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 γένος | det | high | |
| 18 | ἄρσεν | ἄρσην | ADJ | A-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 γένος | amod | medium | Substantivized/attributive adjective 'male'; coordinated semantic modifier of γένος. |
| 19 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 φεύγουσαν | obj | high | Object of φεύγουσαν. |
| 20 | φεύγουσαν | φεύγω | VERB | V-PAP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 αὐτὴν | acl | high | Participial modifier of αὐτήν; ἅτε marks its causal force. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀπεγίνωσκεν | punct | high |
παρέστη δέ οἱ τοιόνδε ἐς αὐτὴν σόφισμα.
The sentence has an impersonal/resultative παρέστη with dative οἱ and neuter τοιόνδε σόφισμα as the subject-like nominative phrase; ἐς αὐτήν marks the target or application of the device. The form οἱ is morphologically ambiguous but is best taken here as a dative pronoun.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρέστη | παρίστημι | VERB | V-3AAI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 παρέστη | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | RP-DAT-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 1 παρέστη | iobj | medium | Likely third-person singular dative pronoun; formally homographic with the article. |
| 4 | τοιόνδε | τοιόσδε | ADJ | A-NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 σόφισμα | amod | high | |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 αὐτὴν | case | high | |
| 6 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-3AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 7 σόφισμα | obl | high | Accusative feminine singular governed by ἐς. |
| 7 | σόφισμα | σόφισμα | NOUN | N-NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 παρέστη | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 παρέστη | punct | high |