Grammar parses for passage 8.20.3
Open translation for this passage
ἔτρεφεν ὁ Λεύκιππος κόμην τῷ Ἀλφειῷ·
The verb τρέφω is used transitively with κόμην; the dative Ἀλφειῷ is an oblique complement whose precise semantic role is context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔτρεφεν | τρέφω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Λεύκιππος | det | high | |
| 3 | Λεύκιππος | Λεύκιππος | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔτρεφεν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | κόμην | κόμη | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἔτρεφεν | obj | high | |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Ἀλφειῷ | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἀλφειῷ | Ἀλφειός | PROPN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔτρεφεν | obl | medium | Dative marks the river associated with or receiving the hair; exact semantic relation is context-dependent. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔτρεφεν | punct | high |
ταύτην οἷα δὴ παρθένος πλεξάμενος τὴν κόμην καὶ ἐσθῆτα ἐνδὺς γυναικείαν ἀφίκετο ὡς τὴν Δάφνην, ἐλθὼν δὲ Οἰνομάου τε ἔλεγεν εἶναι θυγάτηρ καὶ ὡς συνθηρᾶν ἐθέλοι τῇ Δάφνῃ.
The sentence has a main aorist arrival verb with two circumstantial participles; ἔλεγεν introduces coordinated reported content, with εἶναι and συνθηρᾶν and an embedded optative ἐθέλοι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | A-DSF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 12 ἀφίκετο | obj | high | |
| 2 | οἷα | οἷος | ADV | D-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 πλεξάμενος | advmod | medium | Adverbial comparative/qualitative use, ‘as if/in the manner of’. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X | _ | 2 οἷα | discourse | high | |
| 4 | παρθένος | παρθένος | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πλεξάμενος | advcl | medium | Predicative noun in the circumstantial participial phrase. |
| 5 | πλεξάμενος | πλέκω | VERB | V-AMPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 12 ἀφίκετο | advcl | high | |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 κόμην | det | high | |
| 7 | κόμην | κόμη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πλεξάμενος | obj | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 10 ἐνδὺς | cc | high | |
| 9 | ἐσθῆτα | ἐσθής | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐνδὺς | obj | high | |
| 10 | ἐνδὺς | ἐνδύω | VERB | V-AAPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἀφίκετο | advcl | high | |
| 11 | γυναικείαν | γυναικεῖος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐσθῆτα | amod | high | |
| 12 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AMI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 13 | ὡς | ὡς | ADP | P | _ | 15 Δάφνην | case | high | |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 Δάφνην | det | high | |
| 15 | Δάφνην | Δάφνη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἐλθὼν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-AAPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἔλεγεν | advcl | high | |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 21 ἔλεγεν | cc | high | |
| 19 | Οἰνομάου | Οἰνόμαος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 θυγάτηρ | nmod | high | Genitive of parentage/descent. |
| 20 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 21 ἔλεγεν | cc | medium | Correlative/additive particle; coordination is elliptical. |
| 21 | ἔλεγεν | λέγω | VERB | V-IAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 12 ἀφίκετο | conj | high | |
| 22 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 21 ἔλεγεν | ccomp | high | |
| 23 | θυγάτηρ | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative of εἶναι; understood subject is the speaker. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 26 συνθηρᾶν | cc | high | |
| 25 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C | _ | 26 συνθηρᾶν | mark | high | Introduces reported/content clause. |
| 26 | συνθηρᾶν | συνθηράω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 21 ἔλεγεν | ccomp | medium | Infinitive coordinated with εἶναι under ἔλεγεν; ὡς marks its reported content. |
| 27 | ἐθέλοι | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAO3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 26 συνθηρᾶν | ccomp | medium | Optative in reported discourse; subject is understood. |
| 28 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 Δάφνῃ | det | high | |
| 29 | Δάφνῃ | Δάφνη | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 συνθηρᾶν | obl | high | Dative with συνθηράω, ‘hunt with’. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἀφίκετο | punct | high |
ἅτε δὲ εἶναι παρθένος νομιζόμενος, καὶ τὰς ἄλλας ὑπερβεβλημένος παρθένους γένους τε ἀξιώματι καὶ σοφίᾳ τῇ ἐς τὰ κυνηγέσια, πρὸς δὲ καὶ τῇ θεραπείᾳ περισσῇ χρώμενος, ἐς φιλίαν ἰσχυρὰν ἐπάγεται τὴν Δάφνην.
Main predicate ἐπάγεται takes τὴν Δάφνην as object; the participial group νομιζόμενος/ὑπερβεβλημένος/χρώμενος is concessive-descriptive with implicit masculine subject. ἅτε with εἶναι παρθένος is construed as causal/concessive; παρθένους is a predicative complement with ὑπερβεβλημένος, while γένους τε ἀξιώματι καὶ σοφίᾳ specifies the respects of superiority.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | Adverbial particle | _ | 5 νομιζόμενος | mark | medium | Concessive/causal marker introducing the participial circumstance. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 νομιζόμενος | cc | high | |
| 3 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 νομιζόμενος | xcomp | medium | Infinitive dependent on νομιζόμενος; subject/complement relation is compressed. |
| 4 | παρθένος | παρθένος | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Predicative nominative with εἶναι; gender reflects the understood female subject. |
| 5 | νομιζόμενος | νομίζω | VERB | V-PPM-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 33 ἐπάγεται | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, with implicit masculine subject. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 νομιζόμενος | punct | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ὑπερβεβλημένος | cc | high | |
| 8 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ἄλλας | det | high | |
| 9 | ἄλλας | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 παρθένους | amod | high | Substantivized adjective modifying παρθένους. |
| 10 | ὑπερβεβλημένος | ὑπερβάλλω | VERB | V-RPM-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 33 ἐπάγεται | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle coordinated with the other participles. |
| 11 | παρθένους | παρθένος | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ὑπερβεβλημένος | obj | medium | Accusative object/predicative complement with ὑπερβεβλημένος. |
| 12 | γένους | γένος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἀξιώματι | nmod | high | |
| 13 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 γένους | cc | high | Pairs with καί at token 15. |
| 14 | ἀξιώματι | ἀξίωμα | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ὑπερβεβλημένος | obl | medium | Dative of respect/criterion, with γένους dependent on it. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 σοφίᾳ | cc | high | |
| 16 | σοφίᾳ | σοφία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ὑπερβεβλημένος | obl | high | Dative of respect/criterion coordinated with ἀξιώματι. |
| 17 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 σοφίᾳ | det | high | |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 κυνηγέσια | case | high | |
| 19 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 κυνηγέσια | det | high | |
| 20 | κυνηγέσια | κυνηγέσιον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 σοφίᾳ | nmod | high | Prepositional modifier specifying the field of σοφία. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ὑπερβεβλημένος | punct | high | |
| 22 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 26 θεραπείᾳ | case | high | Here introducing an additional respect/association. |
| 23 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 χρώμενος | cc | high | |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 χρώμενος | advmod | high | Additive particle. |
| 25 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 θεραπείᾳ | det | high | |
| 26 | θεραπείᾳ | θεραπεία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 χρώμενος | obl | medium | Dative with χράομαι; πρὸς adds an additional respect phrase. |
| 27 | περισσῇ | περισσός | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 θεραπείᾳ | amod | high | |
| 28 | χρώμενος | χράομαι | VERB | V-PPM-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 33 ἐπάγεται | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle; χράομαι governs the dative. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 χρώμενος | punct | high | |
| 30 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 31 φιλίαν | case | high | |
| 31 | φιλίαν | φιλία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 ἐπάγεται | obl | high | Prepositional complement of ἐπάγεται. |
| 32 | ἰσχυρὰν | ἰσχυρός | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 φιλίαν | amod | high | |
| 33 | ἐπάγεται | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-PPM-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 34 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 Δάφνην | det | high | |
| 35 | Δάφνην | Δάφνη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 ἐπάγεται | obj | high | Direct object of ἐπάγεται. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 ἐπάγεται | punct | high |