Grammar parses for passage 8.2.1
Open translation for this passage
Λυκάων δὲ ὁ Πελασγοῦ τοσάδε εὗρεν ἢ ὁ πατήρ οἱ σοφώτερα·
Λυκάων is the subject; εὗρεν takes τοσάδε σοφώτερα as its object/predicative comparative construction, with ἢ introducing the comparison to ὁ πατήρ. The dative οἱ is possessive (‘his father’), and Πελασγοῦ is a genitive dependent on πατήρ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λυκάων | Λυκάων | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 εὗρεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 εὗρεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-S---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Πελασγοῦ | det | high | Article substantivizing the name as a patronymic expression. |
| 4 | Πελασγοῦ | Πελασγός | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 πατήρ | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on πατήρ; the article plus genitive forms the father’s identification. |
| 5 | τοσάδε | τοσόσδε | PRON | Pd----na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 εὗρεν | obj | medium | Neuter plural demonstrative, likely substantival and coordinated semantically with σοφώτερα. |
| 6 | εὗρεν | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V3SAAI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 σοφώτερα | cc | high | Comparative conjunction introducing the standard of comparison. |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-S---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 πατήρ | det | high | |
| 9 | πατήρ | πατήρ | NOUN | N-S---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἢ | obl | high | Nominal standard of comparison after ἤ. |
| 10 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | Pp3-Sd-- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 9 πατήρ | nmod | medium | Possessive dative, ‘his’; no gender is morphologically expressed. |
| 11 | σοφώτερα | σοφός | ADJ | A----nac | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 εὗρεν | xcomp | medium | Comparative adjective functioning in the object/predicative complement construction; exact attachment to τοσάδε is syntactically compressed. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 εὗρεν | punct | high |
Λυκόσουράν τε γὰρ πόλιν ᾤκισεν ἐν τῷ ὄρει τῷ Λυκαίῳ καὶ Δία ὠνόμασε Λυκαῖον καὶ ἀγῶνα ἔθηκε Λύκαια.
Λυκόσουρα is the object of ᾤκισεν; τῷ Λυκαίῳ is a locative phrase with an adjectival modifier. Δία and ἀγῶνα are coordinated objects of ὠνόμασε and ἔθηκε respectively; Λυκαῖον is a predicative name complement, while Λύκαια is the festival name.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λυκόσουράν | Λυκόσουρα | PROPN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ᾤκισεν | obj | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 1 Λυκόσουράν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G--------- | _ | 5 ᾤκισεν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 4 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ᾤκισεν | obj | high | Appositional/common-noun specification of Λυκόσουρα. |
| 5 | ᾤκισεν | οἰκίζω | VERB | V-AAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 8 ὄρει | case | high | |
| 7 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-SDM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ὄρει | det | high | |
| 8 | ὄρει | ὄρος | NOUN | N-SDN--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ᾤκισεν | obl | high | |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-SDN--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 Λυκαίῳ | det | high | |
| 10 | Λυκαίῳ | Λύκαιος | ADJ | A-SDN--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ὄρει | amod | high | Toponymic adjective modifying ὄρει. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 13 ὠνόμασε | cc | high | Coordinates the following naming event with the preceding clause. |
| 12 | Δία | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-SAM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ὠνόμασε | obj | high | |
| 13 | ὠνόμασε | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-AAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 ᾤκισεν | conj | high | |
| 14 | Λυκαῖον | Λύκαιος | ADJ | A-SAM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ὠνόμασε | xcomp | high | Predicative name complement of Δία with ὀνομάζω. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 17 ἔθηκε | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἀγῶνα | ἀγών | NOUN | N-SAM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἔθηκε | obj | high | |
| 17 | ἔθηκε | τίθημι | VERB | V-AAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 ᾤκισεν | conj | high | |
| 18 | Λύκαια | Λύκαια | PROPN | N-NPN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἔθηκε | xcomp | medium | Festival name; nominative neuter plural form used as a title/name complement. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ᾤκισεν | punct | high |
οὐκέτι δὲ τὰ παρʼ Ἀθηναίοις Παναθήναια τεθῆναι πρότερα ἀποφαίνομαι·
The first-person ἀποφαίνομαι governs an accusative-and-infinitive indirect statement: τὰ Παναθήναια τεθῆναι πρότερα; παρά with the dative modifies the festival name.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὐκέτι | οὐκέτι | ADV | _ | Polarity=Neg | 9 ἀποφαίνομαι | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ἀποφαίνομαι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 Παναθήναια | det | high | |
| 4 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | _ | _ | 5 Ἀθηναίοις | case | high | Apocopated form before vowel. |
| 5 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Παναθήναια | nmod | high | Dative with παρά: the Panathenaia among/at the Athenians. |
| 6 | Παναθήναια | Παναθήναια | PROPN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 τεθῆναι | nsubj | high | Neuter plural festival name functioning as accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 7 | τεθῆναι | τίθημι | VERB | V-RAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 9 ἀποφαίνομαι | ccomp | high | Perfect passive infinitive in indirect statement. |
| 8 | πρότερα | πρότερος | ADV | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 τεθῆναι | advmod | medium | Neuter plural accusative adverbial form, meaning earlier/before. |
| 9 | ἀποφαίνομαι | ἀποφαίνομαι | VERB | V-PMI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀποφαίνομαι | punct | high |
τούτῳ γὰρ τῷ ἀγῶνι Ἀθήναια ὄνομα ἦν, Παναθήναια δὲ κληθῆναί φασιν ἐπὶ Θησέως, ὅτι ὑπὸ Ἀθηναίων ἐτέθη συνειλεγμένων ἐς μίαν ἁπάντων πόλιν.
Main clause has dative τούτῳ τῷ ἀγῶνι with predicate nominative Ἀθήναια ὄνομα and copular ἦν; an accusative-and-infinitive report follows with φασιν, while ὅτι introduces the passive causal/content clause. συνειλεγμένων is a genitive plural perfect middle/passive participle agreeing with Ἀθηναίων, with somewhat compressed syntax.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | DET | Pd-dem-sd | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ἀγῶνι | det | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἦν | discourse | high | Explanatory connective; UD relation approximated as discourse. |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L----dsm | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἀγῶνι | det | high | |
| 4 | ἀγῶνι | ἀγών | NOUN | N--dsm | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | obl | high | Dative of reference/association with the naming construction. |
| 5 | Ἀθήναια | Ἀθήναια | PROPN | Neut----p | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Neuter plural name functioning as predicate nominative. |
| 6 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N--nsn | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Predicate noun in the copular naming construction. |
| 7 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 7 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 9 | Παναθήναια | Παναθήναια | PROPN | Neut----p | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 κληθῆναί | obj | high | Accusative subject of the reported infinitive. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 φασιν | cc | high | |
| 11 | κληθῆναί | καλέω | VERB | V--apn--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 12 φασιν | ccomp | high | Infinitive in accusative-and-infinitive construction dependent on φασιν. |
| 12 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἦν | parataxis | medium | Parenthetical/reporting verb; syntactically coordinated with the preceding assertion. |
| 13 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 Θησέως | case | high | |
| 14 | Θησέως | Θησεύς | PROPN | Ne-gsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 κληθῆναί | obl | high | Genitive with ἐπί, temporal ‘in the time of’. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 12 φασιν | punct | high | |
| 16 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἐτέθη | mark | high | Introduces causal/content clause. |
| 17 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 Ἀθηναίων | case | high | |
| 18 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-gpm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἐτέθη | obl:agent | high | |
| 19 | ἐτέθη | τίθημι | VERB | V3saip--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 11 κληθῆναί | ccomp | medium | Passive verb in the ὅτι clause; likely content/complement of the reported naming assertion. |
| 20 | συνειλεγμένων | συλλέγω | VERB | V-prpmm-gpm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 18 Ἀθηναίων | acl | low | Genitive perfect middle/passive participle agreeing with Ἀθηναίων; genitive absolute-like or compressed attendant circumstance. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 πόλιν | case | high | |
| 22 | μίαν | εἷς | NUM | M----afn | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|NumType=Card|Number=Sing | 24 πόλιν | amod | high | |
| 23 | ἁπάντων | ἅπας | DET | A--gpm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Tot | 18 Ἀθηναίων | det | medium | Genitive modifying Ἀθηναίων, ‘of all [the Athenians]’; alternative scope with πόλιν is possible. |
| 24 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N--afn | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 συνειλεγμένων | obl | high | Goal complement with ἐς, dependent semantically on συνειλεγμένων. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 7 ἦν | punct | high |