Grammar parses for passage 8.2.6
Open translation for this passage
ἐν δὲ τῷ παντὶ αἰῶνι πολλὰ μὲν πάλαι συμβάντα, τὰ δὲ καὶ ἔτι γινόμενα ἄπιστα εἶναι πεποιήκασιν ἐς τοὺς πολλοὺς οἱ τοῖς ἀληθέσιν ἐποικοδομοῦντες ἐψευσμένα.
The syntax is dense and somewhat elliptical: πεποιήκασιν governs an infinitival complement, while the opening participial phrase and the final substantival participle οἱ ... ἐποικοδομοῦντες are attached as the subject of the main verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 αἰῶνι | case | high | Governed by τῷ παντὶ αἰῶνι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 18 πεποιήκασιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 αἰῶνι | det | high | Article with παντί αἰῶνι. |
| 4 | παντὶ | πᾶς | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 αἰῶνι | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying αἰῶνι. |
| 5 | αἰῶνι | αἰών | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 πεποιήκασιν | obl | high | Dative of time/within which. |
| 6 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 πεποιήκασιν | obj | medium | Part of the infinitival clause; object/predicate-like relation to πεποιήκασιν. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 18 πεποιήκασιν | discourse | high | Correlative marker. |
| 8 | πάλαι | πάλαι | ADV | _ | _ | 9 συμβάντα | advmod | high | Modifies συμβάντα. |
| 9 | συμβάντα | συμβαίνω | VERB | PAP-AAN | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 πολλὰ | acl | medium | Attributive participle agreeing with πολλὰ. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 πεποιήκασιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 ἄπιστα | det | high | Article with ἄπιστα. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 18 πεποιήκασιν | discourse | high | Correlative connective. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 ἔτι | cc | high | Connects adverbial element ἔτι. |
| 14 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | _ | _ | 15 γινόμενα | advmod | high | Modifies γινόμενα. |
| 15 | γινόμενα | γίγνομαι | VERB | PPP-NPN | Aspect=Imp|Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 16 ἄπιστα | acl | medium | Participial modifier of ἄπιστα. |
| 16 | ἄπιστα | ἄπιστος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 εἶναι | obj | medium | Predicative object/complement of εἶναι. |
| 17 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 18 πεποιήκασιν | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of πεποιήκασιν. |
| 18 | πεποιήκασιν | ποιέω | VERB | VRAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 πεποιήκασιν | case | high | Introduces prepositional object. |
| 20 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 21 πολλοὺς | det | high | Article with πολλοὺς. |
| 21 | πολλοὺς | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 πεποιήκασιν | obl | medium | Prepositional object of ἐς. |
| 22 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 25 ἐποικοδομοῦντες | det | high | Article with participle phrase used substantively. |
| 23 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 ἀληθέσιν | det | high | Article with ἀληθέσιν. |
| 24 | ἀληθέσιν | ἀληθής | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ἐποικοδομοῦντες | obl | medium | Dative complement of ἐποικοδομοῦντες. |
| 25 | ἐποικοδομοῦντες | ἐποικοδομέω | VERB | PAP-PNM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 πεποιήκασιν | nsubj | medium | Substantival participle referring to οἱ. |
| 26 | ἐψευσμένα | ψεύδομαι | VERB | VPR-NPN | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 25 ἐποικοδομοῦντες | xcomp | low | Likely predicative participle; morphology/attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 πεποιήκασιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
λέγουσι γὰρ δὴ ὡς Λυκάονος ὕστερον ἀεί τις ἐξ ἀνθρώπου λύκος γίνοιτο ἐπὶ τῇ θυσίᾳ τοῦ Λυκαίου Διός, γίνοιτο δὲ οὐκ ἐς ἅπαντα τὸν βίον·
Reported speech with two optative predicates under λέγουσι; the genitive phrase Λυκάονος ὕστερον is syntactically awkward and treated conservatively.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main reporting verb. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | D-------- | _ | 1 λέγουσι | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | D-------- | _ | 1 λέγουσι | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 γίνοιτο | mark | high | Introduces reported content. |
| 5 | Λυκάονος | Λυκάων | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὕστερον | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of ὕστερον; syntactic link somewhat uncertain. |
| 6 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 12 γίνοιτο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 7 | ἀεί | ἀεί | ADV | D-------- | _ | 12 γίνοιτο | advmod | high | Adverb modifying γίνοιτο. |
| 8 | τις | τις | PRON | P-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Com|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 12 γίνοιτο | nsubj | high | Indefinite subject. |
| 9 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 ἀνθρώπου | case | high | Preposition governing ἀνθρώπου. |
| 10 | ἀνθρώπου | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 λύκος | nmod | high | Source/source-material genitive with ἐξ. |
| 11 | λύκος | λύκος | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 γίνοιτο | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement of γίνοιτο. |
| 12 | γίνοιτο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PPM-3S- | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 1 λέγουσι | ccomp | high | Reported clause verb. |
| 13 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 θυσίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing τῇ θυσίᾳ. |
| 14 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 θυσίᾳ | det | high | Article. |
| 15 | θυσίᾳ | θυσία | NOUN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 γίνοιτο | obl | high | Dative oblique with ἐπὶ. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 Διός | det | high | Article. |
| 17 | Λυκαίου | Λύκαιος | PROPN | A-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Διός | amod | high | Attributive genitive adjective with Διός. |
| 18 | Διός | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 θυσίᾳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of θυσίᾳ ('sacrifice of Zeus'). |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 γίνοιτο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 20 | γίνοιτο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PPM-3S- | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 1 λέγουσι | parataxis | high | Second reported predicate, coordinated by δέ. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | PART | D-------- | _ | 20 γίνοιτο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 22 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 20 γίνοιτο | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 βίον | case | high | Preposition governing βίον. |
| 24 | ἅπαντα | ἅπας | ADJ | A-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 βίον | amod | medium | Likely agrees with βίον though semantic singular/plural mismatch in text. |
| 25 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 βίον | det | high | Article. |
| 26 | βίον | βίος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 γίνοιτο | obl | high | Accusative complement with ἐς. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 γίνοιτο | punct | high | Punctuation. |