Grammar parses for passage 8.2.7
Open translation for this passage
ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ Νιόβην λέγουσιν ἐν Σιπύλῳ τῷ ὄρει θέρους ὥρᾳ κλαίειν.
Accusative Νιόβην is the subject of the infinitive κλαίειν in the reported-speech construction λέγουσιν; θέρους ὥρᾳ is a genitive-absolute-like temporal expression, with θέρους dependent on ὥρᾳ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡσαύτως | ὡσαύτως | ADV | ADV | _ | 5 λέγουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 λέγουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 λέγουσιν | advmod | medium | Adverbial καί, ‘also’. |
| 4 | Νιόβην | Νιόβη | PROPN | Ne-Af | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 κλαίειν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 5 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 Σιπύλῳ | case | high | |
| 7 | Σιπύλῳ | Σίπυλος | PROPN | Ne-Ld | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 κλαίειν | obl | high | Place name governed by ἐν. |
| 8 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ὄρει | det | high | |
| 9 | ὄρει | ὄρος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 Σιπύλῳ | appos | medium | Appositional ‘mountain’ identifying Σιπύλῳ. |
| 10 | θέρους | θέρος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ὥρᾳ | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ὥρᾳ, temporal specification. |
| 11 | ὥρᾳ | ὥρα | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 κλαίειν | obl | medium | Dative of time: ‘in the season/time of summer’; θέρους specifies it. |
| 12 | κλαίειν | κλαίω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of λέγουσιν. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 5 λέγουσιν | punct | high |
ἤδη δὲ καὶ ἄλλα ἤκουσα, τοῖς γρυψὶ στίγματα ὁποῖα καὶ ταῖς παρδάλεσιν εἶναι, καὶ ὡς οἱ Τρίτωνες ἀνθρώπου φωνῇ φθέγγοιντο· οἱ δὲ καὶ φυσᾶν διὰ κόχλου τετρυπημένης φασὶν αὐτούς.
The passage coordinates reported contents of ἤκουσα and then adds a further report with φασίν. The participle τετρυπημένης is feminine genitive with an elliptical understood noun, making the final instrumental phrase syntactically uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | ADV | _ | 5 ἤκουσα | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἤκουσα | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 4 ἄλλα | advmod | high | Adverbial καί modifying ἄλλα. |
| 4 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | PRON | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἤκουσα | obj | high | Substantivized neuter plural. |
| 5 | ἤκουσα | ἀκούω | VERB | V-AIA-1S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἤκουσα | punct | high | |
| 7 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-P---ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 γρυψὶ | det | high | |
| 8 | γρυψὶ | γρύψ | NOUN | N-PD---M- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 στίγματα | iobj | medium | Dative of the creatures to which the marks belong. |
| 9 | στίγματα | στίγμα | NOUN | N-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of infinitive εἶναι. |
| 10 | ὁποῖα | ὁποῖος | PRON | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 στίγματα | acl:relcl | medium | Relative-quality form, agreeing with στίγματα; καί ... καί coordinates its comparison. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ὁποῖα | cc | high | |
| 12 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-PD---F- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 παρδάλεσιν | det | high | |
| 13 | παρδάλεσιν | πάρδαλις | NOUN | N-PD---F- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ὁποῖα | obl | medium | Dative of comparison/association. |
| 14 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἤκουσα | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἤκουσα. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 εἶναι | punct | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 φθέγγοιντο | cc | high | Coordinates a second content clause. |
| 17 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 φθέγγοιντο | mark | high | Introduces reported content. |
| 18 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-P---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 Τρίτωνες | det | high | |
| 19 | Τρίτωνες | Τρίτων | PROPN | N-PN---M- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 φθέγγοιντο | nsubj | high | |
| 20 | ἀνθρώπου | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-SG---M- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 φωνῇ | nmod | high | |
| 21 | φωνῇ | φωνή | NOUN | N-SD---F- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 φθέγγοιντο | obl | high | Dative of manner/means: in a human voice. |
| 22 | φθέγγοιντο | φθέγγομαι | VERB | V-POI-3P- | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 5 ἤκουσα | ccomp | high | Optative in reported speech. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 φθέγγοιντο | punct | high | |
| 24 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | P-P---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 φασὶν | nsubj | high | Substantive article, referring to some informants. |
| 25 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 31 φασὶν | cc | high | |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 31 φασὶν | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, ‘also’. |
| 27 | φυσᾶν | φυσάω | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 31 φασὶν | ccomp | high | Infinitive dependent on φασίν. |
| 28 | διὰ | διά | ADP | PREP | _ | 29 κόχλου | case | high | With genitive, indicating instrument/passage. |
| 29 | κόχλου | κόχλος | NOUN | N-SG---M- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 φυσᾶν | obl | high | |
| 30 | τετρυπημένης | τρυπάω | VERB | V-RPP-SGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 29 κόχλου | amod | medium | Genitive feminine participle agreeing with an understood feminine noun, likely κόγχης; the text has an elliptical/awkward construction. |
| 31 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | parataxis | medium | Independent continuation after the semicolon; interpreted as coordinated/reporting clause. |
| 32 | αὐτούς | αὐτός | PRON | P-P---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 φυσᾶν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of φυσᾶν. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 φασὶν | punct | high |
ὁπόσοι δὲ μυθολογήμασιν ἀκούοντες ἥδονται, πεφύκασι καὶ αὐτοί τι ἐπιτερατεύεσθαι· καὶ οὕτω τοῖς ἀληθέσιν ἐλυμήναντο, συγκεραννύντες αὐτὰ ἐψευσμένοις.
Relative ὁπόσοι introduces the subject of ἥδονται and πεφύκασι; ἐλυμήναντο has συγκεραννύντες as a supplementary participle and αὐτὰ referring to τοῖς ἀληθέσιν. The final ἐψευσμένοις is an instrumental/dative participle, though its exact attachment is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁπόσοι | ὁπόσος | PRON | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἥδονται | nsubj | high | Indefinite-relative pronoun, subject of ἥδονται and πεφύκασι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἥδονται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | μυθολογήμασιν | μυθολόγημα | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἀκούοντες | obl | high | Dative with ἀκούοντες, ‘hearing tales/myths’. |
| 4 | ἀκούοντες | ἀκούω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἥδονται | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying ἥδονται. |
| 5 | ἥδονται | ἥδομαι | VERB | V-PMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the relative clause. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 5 ἥδονται | punct | high | |
| 7 | πεφύκασι | φύω | VERB | V-RAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 5 ἥδονται | conj | high | Perfect of φύω, ‘are by nature accustomed’; coordinated with ἥδονται. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 πεφύκασι | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate. |
| 9 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 πεφύκασι | nsubj | medium | Intensive subject pronoun, ‘they themselves’. |
| 10 | τι | τις | PRON | PX-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐπιτερατεύεσθαι | obj | high | Indefinite/neuter object of ἐπιτερατεύεσθαι. |
| 11 | ἐπιτερατεύεσθαι | ἐπιτερατεύομαι | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 7 πεφύκασι | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of πεφύκασι. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 πεφύκασι | punct | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἐλυμήναντο | cc | high | Coordinates the following clause. |
| 14 | οὕτω | οὕτω | ADV | ADV | _ | 17 ἐλυμήναντο | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐλυμήναντο. |
| 15 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 ἀληθέσιν | det | high | Article substantivizing/agreeing with ἀληθέσιν. |
| 16 | ἀληθέσιν | ἀληθής | ADJ | A-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἐλυμήναντο | obl | high | Dative object/affected entity with ἐλυμήναντο. |
| 17 | ἐλυμήναντο | λυμαίνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of the second coordinated clause. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 17 ἐλυμήναντο | punct | high | |
| 19 | συγκεραννύντες | συγκεράννυμι | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 17 ἐλυμήναντο | advcl | high | Supplementary participle expressing the means or manner of harming. |
| 20 | αὐτὰ | αὐτός | PRON | P-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 συγκεραννύντες | obj | high | Object of συγκεραννύντες; refers to the true accounts/things. |
| 21 | ἐψευσμένοις | ψεύδομαι | VERB | V-RPM-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 19 συγκεραννύντες | obl | low | Dative perfect middle/passive participle; likely instrumental or associative, with attachment and semantic force uncertain. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 17 ἐλυμήναντο | punct | high |