Grammar parses for passage 8.3.1
Open translation for this passage
τρίτῃ δὲ ὕστερον γενεᾷ μετὰ Πελασγὸν ἔς τε πόλεων καὶ ἐς ἀνθρώπων πλῆθος ἐπέδωκεν ἡ χώρα.
The construction μετὰ Πελασγόν ... ἐπέδωκεν expresses the later development of the land, with πλῆθος as an accusative goal/result complement and πόλεων καὶ ἀνθρώπων as its genitive complements.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τρίτῃ | τρίτος | ADJ | A--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 γενεᾷ | amod | high | Ordinal modifying γενεᾷ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἐπέδωκεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 14 ἐπέδωκεν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, ‘later/afterward’. |
| 4 | γενεᾷ | γενεά | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπέδωκεν | obl | high | Dative of time: ‘in the third generation’. |
| 5 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 Πελασγὸν | case | high | Preposition governing Πελασγόν. |
| 6 | Πελασγὸν | Πελασγός | PROPN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπέδωκεν | obl | high | Accusative object of μετά. |
| 7 | ἔς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 πόλεων | case | high | Variant orthography of εἰς; governs πόλεων. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 πόλεων | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 9 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 πλῆθος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πλῆθος: ‘multitude of cities’. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 πλῆθος | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive complements. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 ἀνθρώπων | case | high | Variant orthography of εἰς; governs ἀνθρώπων. |
| 12 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 πλῆθος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πλῆθος. |
| 13 | πλῆθος | πλῆθος | NOUN | N--ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπέδωκεν | obl | high | Accusative goal/result complement with ἐπέδωκεν: ‘increased into a multitude’. |
| 14 | ἐπέδωκεν | ἐπιδίδωμι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist active; subject follows. |
| 15 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 χώρα | det | high | Article modifying χώρα. |
| 16 | χώρα | χώρα | NOUN | N--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπέδωκεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπέδωκεν. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐπέδωκεν | punct | high |
Νύκτιμος μὲν γὰρ πρεσβύτατός τε ἦν καὶ εἶχε τὸ πᾶν κράτος· οἱ δὲ ἄλλοι παῖδες τοῦ Λυκάονος πόλεις ἐνταῦθα ἔκτιζον ἔνθα ἑκάστῳ μάλιστα ἦν κατὰ γνώμην.
Νύκτιμος is the subject of both ἦν and εἶχε; πρεσβύτατος is a predicative superlative. In the second clause, οἱ ἄλλοι παῖδες is the subject of ἔκτιζον, with ἑκάστῳ understood as the dative possessor/experiencer in the relative clause and κατὰ γνώμην as an idiom meaning ‘according to preference’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Νύκτιμος | Νύκτιμος | PROPN | N-----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-----D-- | Polarity=Pos | 6 ἦν | cc | high | Correlative particle, paired with δέ. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | SCONJ | G-----D-- | _ | 6 ἦν | mark | medium | Explanatory postpositive particle; parser treatment varies between discourse marker and conjunction. |
| 4 | πρεσβύτατός | πρέσβυς | ADJ | A-----NSM-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicative superlative with copular ἦν. |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | G-----D-- | _ | 8 εἶχε | cc | high | Coordinates the first predicate with εἶχε. |
| 6 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3PIIA--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-----D-- | _ | 8 εἶχε | cc | high | |
| 8 | εἶχε | ἔχω | VERB | V3SIIA--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 6 ἦν | conj | high | |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 κράτος | det | high | |
| 10 | πᾶν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 κράτος | amod | high | |
| 11 | κράτος | κράτος | NOUN | N-----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 εἶχε | obj | high | |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 13 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 παῖδες | det | high | |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G-----D-- | _ | 21 ἔκτιζον | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μὲν. |
| 15 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 παῖδες | amod | high | |
| 16 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | N-----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἔκτιζον | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Λυκάονος | det | high | |
| 18 | Λυκάονος | Λυκάων | PROPN | N-----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 παῖδες | nmod | high | |
| 19 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N-----AFP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 ἔκτιζον | obj | high | |
| 20 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 21 ἔκτιζον | advmod | high | Locative adverb, further specified by the following relative clause. |
| 21 | ἔκτιζον | κτίζω | VERB | V3PIIA--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 6 ἦν | conj | high | |
| 22 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Rel | 27 γνώμην | advmod | high | Relative locative adverb introducing the clause modifying ἐνταῦθα. |
| 23 | ἑκάστῳ | ἕκαστος | PRON | P-----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 25 ἦν | iobj | medium | Dative with ἦν, interpreted as the person for whom a location was preferred. |
| 24 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 27 γνώμην | advmod | high | |
| 25 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIIA--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 27 γνώμην | cop | medium | Copula in an impersonal/preferential construction; the predicate is κατὰ γνώμην. |
| 26 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 27 γνώμην | case | high | |
| 27 | γνώμην | γνώμη | NOUN | N-----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ἦν | obl | medium | Fixed/prepositional phrase κατὰ γνώμην; attached to ἦν as a predicative oblique. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἦν | punct | high |
Πάλλας μὲν καὶ Ὀρεσθεὺς καὶ Φίγαλος Παλλάντιον, Ὀρεσθεὺς δὲ Ὀρεσθάσιον, Φιγαλίαν δὲ οἰκίζει Φίγαλος.
A single present verb οἰκίζει governs a compressed sequence of naming clauses; the initial names and Παλλάντιον are coordinated with substantial ellipsis, while the final Φίγαλος is the overt subject nearest the verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πάλλας | Πάλλας | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 οἰκίζει | nsubj | high | Personal name, coordinated subject of οἰκίζει. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 Πάλλας | discourse | high | Correlative particle introducing the first coordinated naming clause. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 Ὀρεσθεὺς | cc | high | Coordinates the first two names. |
| 4 | Ὀρεσθεὺς | Ὀρεσθεύς | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Πάλλας | conj | high | Coordinated personal-name subject. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 Φίγαλος | cc | high | Coordinates the next name. |
| 6 | Φίγαλος | Φίγαλος | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Πάλλας | conj | high | Coordinated personal-name subject. |
| 7 | Παλλάντιον | Παλλάντιον | PROPN | N----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 οἰκίζει | obj | high | First coordinated object, place name. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 οἰκίζει | punct | high | |
| 9 | Ὀρεσθεὺς | Ὀρεσθεύς | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 οἰκίζει | nsubj | high | Subject of the middle naming clause. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 9 Ὀρεσθεὺς | discourse | high | Adversative/continuative particle. |
| 11 | Ὀρεσθάσιον | Ὀρεσθάσιον | PROPN | N----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 οἰκίζει | obj | high | Second place-name object; the verb is shared across the coordinated clauses. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 οἰκίζει | punct | high | |
| 13 | Φιγαλίαν | Φιγαλία | PROPN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 οἰκίζει | obj | high | Third place-name object. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 15 οἰκίζει | discourse | high | Particle linking the final clause. |
| 15 | οἰκίζει | οἰκίζω | VERB | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb; coordinates/ellipsis allow multiple naming subjects and objects. |
| 16 | Φίγαλος | Φίγαλος | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 οἰκίζει | nsubj | high | Explicit final subject of οἰκίζει. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 οἰκίζει | punct | high |