Grammar parses for passage 8.21.1
Open translation for this passage
ταῦτα μὲν δὴ οὕτω λέγουσι·
ταῦτα is the neuter plural accusative object of λέγουσι; μὲν δή are discourse particles, and οὕτω is an adverbial manner modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | RD-PNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 5 λέγουσι | obj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | 粒 | _ | 5 λέγουσι | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | 粒 | _ | 5 λέγουσι | discourse | high | |
| 4 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 5 λέγουσι | advmod | high | |
| 5 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 λέγουσι | punct | high |
τοῦ Λάδωνος δὲ τῶν πηγῶν ἀπέχει στάδια ἑξήκοντα ἡ Κλειτορίων πόλις, ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς ἡ ἀπὸ τῶν πηγῶν τοῦ Λάδωνός ἐστιν αὐλὼν στενὸς παρὰ τὸν Ἀροάνιον ποταμόν.
Two coordinated clauses: Κλειτορίων πόλις is the subject of ἀπέχει, with στάδια ἑξήκοντα as measure; the second clause identifies ἡ ὁδός as αὐλών, with στενός agreeing predicatively and παρὰ τὸν Ἀροάνιον ποταμόν modifying the route/corridor. The genitive τοῦ Λάδωνος is dependent on πηγαί in both expressions; ἀπό marks the source of the road.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-d----GS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 Λάδωνος | det | high | |
| 2 | Λάδωνος | Λάδων | PROPN | Ne-s---mg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 πηγῶν | nmod | high | River name. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἀπέχει | cc | high | |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-d----GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 πηγῶν | det | high | |
| 5 | πηγῶν | πηγή | NOUN | N--GFP--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἀπέχει | obl | high | Genitive of reference/separation with ἀπέχει. |
| 6 | ἀπέχει | ἀπέχω | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | στάδια | στάδιον | NOUN | N--NPN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἀπέχει | obl | medium | Measure accusative is also possible in such distance expressions, but form is nominative/accusative neuter plural; parsed as distance measure. |
| 8 | ἑξήκοντα | ἑξήκοντα | NUM | M-------- | _ | 7 στάδια | nummod | high | |
| 9 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-d----NS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 πόλις | det | high | |
| 10 | Κλειτορίων | Κλειτόριον | PROPN | Ne-s---mg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 πόλις | nmod | high | Ethnic/locative genitive modifying πόλις. |
| 11 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N--NFS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀπέχει | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀπέχει | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-d----NS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ὁδὸς | det | high | |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 ἐστιν | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 15 | ὁδὸς | ὁδός | NOUN | N--NFS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-d----NS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἀπὸ | det | high | Article introducing the ἀπό phrase as an attributive modifier. |
| 17 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 ὁδὸς | nmod | high | |
| 18 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-d----GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 πηγῶν | det | high | |
| 19 | πηγῶν | πηγή | NOUN | N--GFP--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 ἀπὸ | obl | high | |
| 20 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-d----GS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Λάδωνός | det | high | |
| 21 | Λάδωνός | Λάδων | PROPN | Ne-s---mg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 πηγῶν | nmod | high | River name; accent is retained from the input form. |
| 22 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second coordinated clause has an elided/understood copular linkage; treated as a second root for token-level representation. |
| 23 | αὐλὼν | αὐλών | NOUN | N--NMS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative. |
| 24 | στενὸς | στενός | ADJ | A--NMS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 αὐλὼν | amod | high | Agrees with αὐλών. |
| 25 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 αὐλὼν | nmod | high | With accusative, indicates position along/beside. |
| 26 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-d----MS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ποταμόν | det | high | |
| 27 | Ἀροάνιον | Ἀροάνιος | PROPN | A--AMS--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ποταμόν | amod | high | Adjectival river name modifying ποταμόν. |
| 28 | ποταμόν | ποταμός | NOUN | N--AMS--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 παρὰ | obl | high | |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐστιν | punct | high |
πρὸς δὲ τῇ πόλει διαβήσῃ ποταμὸν καλούμενον Κλείτορα.
The sentence is coordinated by δέ with the preceding discourse; πρὸς τῇ πόλει is treated as a dative-locative adjunct, and Κλείτορα as the name complement of καλούμενον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 4 πόλει | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 διαβήσῃ | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-d-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 πόλει | det | high | |
| 4 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | N-d-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 διαβήσῃ | obl | high | |
| 5 | διαβήσῃ | διαβαίνω | VERB | V2SAIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Future indicative, second singular; context may support a different future form analysis. |
| 6 | ποταμὸν | ποταμός | NOUN | N-asm----- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 διαβήσῃ | obj | high | |
| 7 | καλούμενον | καλέω | VERB | V-pppemsa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 6 ποταμὸν | acl | high | |
| 8 | Κλείτορα | Κλείτωρ | PROPN | Neasm----- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 καλούμενον | xcomp | medium | Predicate complement/name with καλούμενον; proper-name inflection is somewhat variable. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 διαβήσῃ | punct | high |
ἐκδίδωσιν οὖν ὁ Κλείτωρ ἐς τὸν Ἀροάνιον, οὐ πλέον τῆς πόλεως σταδίους ἀπέχοντα ἑπτά.
The verb ἐκδίδωσιν governs the subject ὁ Κλείτωρ and an accusative destination/object phrase τὸν Ἀροάνιον; ἀπέχοντα agrees with Ἀροάνιον and takes the distance expression σταδίους ἑπτά, with πλέον τῆς πόλεως marking comparison/extent. The syntax of ἐς τὸν Ἀροάνιον is semantically somewhat unusual and is retained as an oblique complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐκδίδωσιν | ἐκδίδωμι | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 1 ἐκδίδωσιν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Κλείτωρ | det | high | |
| 4 | Κλείτωρ | Κλείτωρ | PROPN | N-NSM---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐκδίδωσιν | nsubj | high | Proper name, masculine nominative. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Ἀροάνιον | case | high | Epic/poetic form of εἰς. |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Ἀροάνιον | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἀροάνιον | Ἀροάνιος | PROPN | N-ASM---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐκδίδωσιν | obl | medium | Accusative place-name governed by ἐς; the construction is semantically unusual but textually clear. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐκδίδωσιν | punct | high | |
| 9 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | T-------- | Polarity=Neg | 10 πλέον | advmod | high | |
| 10 | πλέον | πολύς | ADV | A-S---N | Degree=Cmp | 14 ἀπέχοντα | advmod | medium | Neuter accusative/indeclinable comparative adverbial form, ‘more/farther’. |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 πόλεως | det | high | |
| 12 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N-GSF---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 πλέον | obl | medium | Genitive complement of comparative πλέον. |
| 13 | σταδίους | στάδιον | NOUN | N-APM---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀπέχοντα | obj | medium | Accusative of extent/distance with ἀπέχοντα. |
| 14 | ἀπέχοντα | ἀπέχω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 Ἀροάνιον | acl | high | Attributive present active participle agreeing with Ἀροάνιον. |
| 15 | ἑπτά | ἑπτά | NUM | A-----M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 13 σταδίους | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral agreeing with σταδίους. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐκδίδωσιν | punct | high |