Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 8.21.1

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Passage 8.21.1

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4sentences parsed

60Greek tokens

2,809input tokens

4,361output tokens

Sentence 1

8.21.1 sentence 1

Tokens: 6
Input: 607
Output: 421
Total: 1,028

ταῦτα μὲν δὴ οὕτω λέγουσι·

Straightforward main clause with particles and an adverb modifying the finite verb.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ταῦτα	οὗτος	PRON	Pd-p---na-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	5 λέγουσι	obj	high	Accusative neuter plural demonstrative pronoun functioning as object.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	5 λέγουσι	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
3	δὴ	δή	PART	G--------	_	5 λέγουσι	discourse	high	Emphatic particle.
4	οὕτω	οὕτως	ADV	D--------	_	5 λέγουσι	advmod	high	Adverb modifying the verb.
5	λέγουσι	λέγω	VERB	V3PPAI---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main finite verb.
6	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	5 λέγουσι	punct	high	Punctuation.

Sentence 2

8.21.1 sentence 2

Tokens: 29
Input: 849
Output: 2,054
Total: 2,903

τοῦ Λάδωνος δὲ τῶν πηγῶν ἀπέχει στάδια ἑξήκοντα ἡ Κλειτορίων πόλις, ἡ δὲ ὁδὸς ἡ ἀπὸ τῶν πηγῶν τοῦ Λάδωνός ἐστιν αὐλὼν στενὸς παρὰ τὸν Ἀροάνιον ποταμόν.

Two coordinated clauses share the descriptive style of Pausanias; the second uses a copular clause with a predicative noun phrase (αὐλὼν στενός) and a prepositional modifier.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	S-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	2 Λάδωνος	det	high	Article modifying Λάδωνος.
2	Λάδωνος	Λάδων	PROPN	N-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 πηγῶν	nmod	high	Genitive dependent of πηγῶν.
3	δὲ	δέ	PART	G-	_	6 ἀπέχει	discourse	high	Postpositive discourse particle.
4	τῶν	ὁ	DET	S-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	5 πηγῶν	det	high	Article modifying πηγῶν.
5	πηγῶν	πηγή	NOUN	N-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	6 ἀπέχει	obl	high	Genitive complement with ἀπέχει; source/location phrase.
6	ἀπέχει	ἀπέχω	VERB	V-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb of first clause.
7	στάδια	στάδιον	NOUN	N-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	6 ἀπέχει	obj	high	Accusative extent/distance.
8	ἑξήκοντα	ἑξήκοντα	NUM	M-	NumType=Card	7 στάδια	nummod	high	Numeral modifying στάδια.
9	ἡ	ὁ	DET	S-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	11 πόλις	det	high	Article modifying πόλις.
10	Κλειτορίων	Κλειτόριοι	ADJ	A-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	11 πόλις	amod	high	Adjectival gentilic used substantively or attributively.
11	πόλις	πόλις	NOUN	N-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 ἀπέχει	nsubj	high	Subject of ἀπέχει.
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἀπέχει	punct	high	Comma punctuation.
13	ἡ	ὁ	DET	S-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	15 ὁδὸς	det	high	Article modifying ὁδὸς.
14	δὲ	δέ	PART	G-	_	22 ἐστιν	discourse	high	Postpositive discourse particle.
15	ὁδὸς	ὁδός	NOUN	N-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 ἐστιν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐστιν.
16	ἡ	ὁ	DET	S-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	15 ὁδὸς	det	high	Article introducing relative modifier.
17	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	R-	_	22 ἐστιν	case	high	Preposition governing genitive phrase.
18	τῶν	ὁ	DET	S-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	19 πηγῶν	det	high	Article modifying πηγῶν.
19	πηγῶν	πηγή	NOUN	N-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	17 ἀπὸ	obl	high	Object of ἀπό.
20	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	S-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	21 Λάδωνός	det	high	Article modifying Λάδωνός.
21	Λάδωνός	Λάδων	PROPN	N-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 πηγῶν	nmod	high	Genitive dependent of πηγῶν.
22	ἐστιν	εἰμί	AUX	V-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Copular/predicative verb of second clause.
23	αὐλὼν	αὐλών	NOUN	N-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	22 ἐστιν	xcomp	medium	Predicative noun with ἐστιν; possible subject-like predicative complement.
24	στενὸς	στενός	ADJ	A-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	23 αὐλὼν	amod	high	Adjective modifying αὐλών.
25	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	R-	_	22 ἐστιν	case	high	Preposition introducing local phrase.
26	τὸν	ὁ	DET	S-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	28 ποταμόν	det	high	Article modifying ποταμόν.
27	Ἀροάνιον	Ἀροάνιος	ADJ	A-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	28 ποταμόν	amod	high	Adjectival proper-name modifier of ποταμόν.
28	ποταμόν	ποταμός	NOUN	N-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	22 ἐστιν	obl	high	Object of παρὰ.
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	22 ἐστιν	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 3

8.21.1 sentence 3

Tokens: 9
Input: 640
Output: 691
Total: 1,331

πρὸς δὲ τῇ πόλει διαβήσῃ ποταμὸν καλούμενον Κλείτορα.

The main difficulty is διαβήσῃ, which is morphologically ambiguous outside context; I treated it as the finite root governing the accusative object and participial modifier.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	_	_	4 πόλει	case	high	Adposition governing dative.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	5 διαβήσῃ	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
3	τῇ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	4 πόλει	det	high	Article modifying πόλει.
4	πόλει	πόλις	NOUN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 διαβήσῃ	obl	high	Dative complement with πρὸς.
5	διαβήσῃ	διαβαίνω	VERB	_	Mood=Sub\|Number=Sing\|Person=2\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Form is ambiguous; context suggests finite verb, likely 2nd singular aorist subjunctive.
6	ποταμὸν	ποταμός	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 διαβήσῃ	obj	high	Direct object of διαβήσῃ.
7	καλούμενον	καλέω	VERB	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	6 ποταμὸν	amod	high	Participle agreeing with ποταμὸν, attributive 'called'.
8	Κλείτορα	Κλείτωρ	PROPN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 καλούμενον	obj	medium	Proper name dependent on καλούμενον; case follows participle's object/complement use.
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	5 διαβήσῃ	punct	high	Sentence punctuation.

Sentence 4

8.21.1 sentence 4

Tokens: 16
Input: 713
Output: 1,195
Total: 1,908

ἐκδίδωσιν οὖν ὁ Κλείτωρ ἐς τὸν Ἀροάνιον, οὐ πλέον τῆς πόλεως σταδίους ἀπέχοντα ἑπτά.

The participial phrase ἀπέχοντα ἑπτά σταδίους τῆς πόλεως functions adverbially with a comparative/measure expression; Ἀροάνιον is treated as the participle’s subject/predicate noun in accusative agreement.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐκδίδωσιν	ἐκδίδωμι	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb of the sentence.
2	οὖν	οὖν	PART	_	_	1 ἐκδίδωσιν	discourse	high	Inferential/discourse particle.
3	ὁ	ὁ	DET	L-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	4 Κλείτωρ	det	high	Article modifying Κλείτωρ.
4	Κλείτωρ	Κλείτωρ	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ἐκδίδωσιν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐκδίδωσιν.
5	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R	_	7 Ἀροάνιον	case	high	Preposition governing the accusative phrase.
6	τὸν	ὁ	DET	L-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 Ἀροάνιον	det	high	Article modifying Ἀροάνιον.
7	Ἀροάνιον	Ἀροάνιος	ADJ	A-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ἐκδίδωσιν	obl	medium	Likely substantive/adjectival place-name, object of ἐς.
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἐκδίδωσιν	punct	high	Punctuation.
9	οὐ	οὐ	PART	_	_	10 πλέον	advmod	high	Negating particle modifying πλέον.
10	πλέον	πλέον	ADV	_	_	14 ἀπέχοντα	advmod	medium	Degree adverb modifying ἀπέχοντα; could also be used with genitive comparison.
11	τῆς	ὁ	DET	L-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	12 πόλεως	det	high	Article modifying πόλεως.
12	πόλεως	πόλις	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 ἀπέχοντα	obl	high	Genitive complement with comparison/measure sense.
13	σταδίους	στάδιον	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 ἀπέχοντα	obj	medium	Accusative of extent/distance.
14	ἀπέχοντα	ἀπέχω	VERB	V-PAP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	1 ἐκδίδωσιν	advcl	high	Participial clause modifying the main verb; agrees with Ἀροάνιον.
15	ἑπτά	ἑπτά	NUM	M	NumType=Card	13 σταδίους	nummod	high	Cardinal numeral modifying σταδίους.
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἐκδίδωσιν	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

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