Grammar parses for passage 8.21.2
Open translation for this passage
εἰσὶ δὲ ἰχθῦς ἐν τῷ Ἀροανίῳ καὶ ἄλλοι καὶ οἱ ποικιλίαι καλούμενοι· τούτους λέγουσι τοὺς ποικιλίας φθέγγεσθαι κίχλῃ τῇ ὄρνιθι ἐοικός.
Syntax is somewhat difficult because the first clause has an odd nominative/accusative fish phrase and the second contains an accusative-and-infinitive construction with several agreement irregularities.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb, root of first clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἰχθῦς | ἰχθύς | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 εἰσὶ | nsubj | medium | Likely predicate/existential subject in Pausanias-style order; accusative form is unusual, but this may reflect text/orthography or nonstandard parsing. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | obl | high | Introduces locative phrase. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSM | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀροανίῳ | det | high | Article modifying place name. |
| 6 | Ἀροανίῳ | Ἀροάνιος | PROPN | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐν | obj | medium | Proper adjective used substantivally for the river/name in dative after ἐν. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 ἄλλοι | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 8 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἰχθῦς | amod | medium | Likely coordinated modifier of ἰχθῦς. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 καλούμενοι | cc | high | Coordinates with preceding modifier/group. |
| 10 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ποικιλίαι | det | high | Article with following noun. |
| 11 | ποικιλίαι | ποικιλία | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 ἰχθῦς | conj | medium | Coordinated noun phrase; possibly appositional to ἰχθῦς. |
| 12 | καλούμενοι | καλέω | VERB | V-PPP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 11 ποικιλίαι | acl | medium | Participial modifier of ποικιλίαι, though agreement is slightly problematic if the noun is feminine plural. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | punct | high | Sentence-internal punctuation. |
| 14 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | RD-APM | Case=Acc|Deixis=Prox|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 λέγουσι | obj | high | Object of λέγουσι. |
| 15 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 16 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | RA-APM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ποικιλίας | det | high | Article with ποικιλίας. |
| 17 | ποικιλίας | ποικιλίας | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 φθέγγεσθαι | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of infinitive φθέγγεσθαι in accusative-and-infinitive construction, though form/lemma are unusual. |
| 18 | φθέγγεσθαι | φθέγγομαι | VERB | V-PNM | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 15 λέγουσι | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive after λέγουσι. |
| 19 | κίχλῃ | κίχλη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἐοικός | obl | high | Dative of comparison/instrument with ἐοικός. |
| 20 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSF | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ὄρνιθι | det | high | Article with ὄρνιθι. |
| 21 | ὄρνιθι | ὄρνις | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 κίχλῃ | nmod | medium | Likely genitive-like apposition/clarification in dative; dependency relation uncertain. |
| 22 | ἐοικός | ἔοικα | VERB | V-RAP-SMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 φθέγγεσθαι | advcl | medium | Form is neuter nominative singular participle; syntactic attachment is to the infinitive phrase with some uncertainty. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 λέγουσι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |