Grammar parses for passage 8.21.2
Open translation for this passage
εἰσὶ δὲ ἰχθῦς ἐν τῷ Ἀροανίῳ καὶ ἄλλοι καὶ οἱ ποικιλίαι καλούμενοι· τούτους λέγουσι τοὺς ποικιλίας φθέγγεσθαι κίχλῃ τῇ ὄρνιθι ἐοικός.
Two coordinated clauses: εἰσὶ introduces the fish subject, while λέγουσι takes τούτους/τοὺς ποικιλίας as accusative subject of the infinitive φθέγγεσθαι; ἐοικός agrees with κίχλῃ and governs a dative comparison.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἰχθῦς | ἰχθύς | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 εἰσὶ | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 Ἀροανίῳ | case | high | |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀροανίῳ | det | high | |
| 6 | Ἀροανίῳ | Ἀροάνιος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 εἰσὶ | obl | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἄλλοι | cc | high | |
| 8 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἰχθῦς | conj | high | Substantivized adjective, coordinated with ἰχθῦς. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ποικιλίαι | cc | high | |
| 10 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ποικιλίαι | det | high | |
| 11 | ποικιλίαι | ποικιλίας | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἄλλοι | conj | medium | Lexical form is ποικιλίας, nominative plural ποικιλιαί/ποικιλίαι; analyzed as a coordinated fish-name. |
| 12 | καλούμενοι | καλέω | VERB | V-PPM-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 11 ποικιλίαι | acl | high | |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | punct | high | |
| 14 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | D-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 λέγουσι | obj | high | Accusative demonstrative resumes the fish just mentioned and functions as infinitival subject by control/raising analysis. |
| 15 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 εἰσὶ | parataxis | high | |
| 16 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ποικιλίας | det | high | |
| 17 | ποικιλίας | ποικιλίας | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 φθέγγεσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 18 | φθέγγεσθαι | φθέγγομαι | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 15 λέγουσι | ccomp | high | |
| 19 | κίχλῃ | κίχλη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἐοικός | obl | high | Dative of comparison with ἐοικός. |
| 20 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ὄρνιθι | det | high | |
| 21 | ὄρνιθι | ὄρνις | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 κίχλῃ | appos | high | Apposition specifying κίχλη. |
| 22 | ἐοικός | ἔοικα | ADJ | X-PNPNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 φθέγγεσθαι | advcl | medium | Perfect participial/adjectival form, neuter singular in the supplied text; likely impersonal comparison ('like a thrush'). Agreement is textually difficult. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 λέγουσι | punct | high |
ἐγὼ δὲ ἀγρευθέντας μὲν εἶδον, φθεγγομένων δὲ ἤκουσα οὐδὲν καταμείνας πρὸς τῷ ποταμῷ καὶ ἐς ἡλίου δυσμάς, ὅτε δὴ φθέγγεσθαι μάλιστα ἐλέγοντο οἱ ἰχθῦς.
The second perception clause uses a genitive participle (φθεγγομένων) as the object/complement of ἤκουσα; καταμείνας governs the location/time adjuncts, while the final ὅτε-clause specifies when the fish were said to vocalize most.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐγὼ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1NS | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 5 εἶδον | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 εἶδον | cc | high | Postpositive adversative connective. |
| 3 | ἀγρευθέντας | ἀγρεύω | VERB | V-APP-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 5 εἶδον | obj | high | Aorist passive participle, coordinated with φθεγγομένων. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 3 ἀγρευθέντας | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with later δέ. |
| 5 | εἶδον | ὁράω | VERB | V-2AAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | First-person singular aorist; governs the coordinated perception clause. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 5 εἶδον | punct | high | |
| 7 | φθεγγομένων | φθέγγομαι | VERB | V-PMP-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 9 ἤκουσα | obj | high | Genitive participle with genitive of the thing heard; understood subject is the fish. |
| 8 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἤκουσα | cc | high | |
| 9 | ἤκουσα | ἀκούω | VERB | V-AAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 5 εἶδον | conj | high | Coordinated with εἶδον. |
| 10 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | A-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 9 ἤκουσα | obj | high | Substantival neuter accusative, 'nothing'. |
| 11 | καταμείνας | καταμένω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἤκουσα | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject co-referential with ἐγώ. |
| 12 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 ποταμῷ | case | high | |
| 13 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 ποταμῷ | det | high | |
| 14 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 καταμείνας | obl | high | Location with πρός plus dative. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 δυσμάς | cc | high | Coordinates the second temporal/location complement. |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 δυσμάς | case | high | |
| 17 | ἡλίου | ἥλιος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 δυσμάς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δυσμάς. |
| 18 | δυσμάς | δυσμή | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 καταμείνας | obl | high | Accusative of extent/time with ἐς, 'until sunset'; coordinated with ποταμῷ. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 5 εἶδον | punct | high | |
| 20 | ὅτε | ὅτε | SCONJ | ADV-REL | PronType=Rel | 24 ἐλέγοντο | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 21 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 24 ἐλέγοντο | discourse | high | |
| 22 | φθέγγεσθαι | φθέγγομαι | VERB | V-PMN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 24 ἐλέγοντο | xcomp | high | Infinitive complementary to ἐλέγοντο. |
| 23 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | ADV-SUP | Degree=Sup | 22 φθέγγεσθαι | advmod | high | |
| 24 | ἐλέγοντο | λέγω | VERB | V-IPI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 9 ἤκουσα | advcl | high | Temporal subordinate clause; passive impersonal-like 'were said'. |
| 25 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 ἰχθῦς | det | high | |
| 26 | ἰχθῦς | ἰχθύς | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἐλέγοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐλέγοντο and understood subject of φθέγγεσθαι. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 5 εἶδον | punct | high |