Grammar parses for passage 8.21.3
Open translation for this passage
τῇ δὲ Κλειτορίων πόλει τὸ μὲν ὄνομα ἀπὸ τοῦ παιδὸς ἐτέθη τοῦ Ἀζᾶνος, οἰκεῖται δʼ ἐν ὁμαλῷ, κύκλῳ δὲ ὄρη περιέχοντά ἐστιν οὐ μεγάλα.
The sentence has three coordinated clauses: the city's name was given from Azan's child; it is inhabited on level ground; and mountains, not large, encircle it. The participle περιέχοντα agrees with neuter plural ὄρη and the copula ἐστιν forms the final predication.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | S--DFS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 πόλει | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 οἰκεῖται | cc | high | Connective particle for the following clause. |
| 3 | Κλειτορίων | Κλειτόριον | PROPN | NbDFPG-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 πόλει | nmod | medium | Ethnic/civic genitive modifying πόλει: 'the city of the Cleitorians'. |
| 4 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | N--DFS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 οἰκεῖται | obl | high | Dative of the city/topic with οἰκεῖται. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S--NNS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 ὄνομα | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; the corresponding δέ is not repeated immediately. |
| 7 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N--NNS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐτέθη | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of passive ἐτέθη. |
| 8 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 παιδὸς | case | high | |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S--GMS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 παιδὸς | det | high | |
| 10 | παιδὸς | παῖς | NOUN | N--GMS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐτέθη | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό. |
| 11 | ἐτέθη | τίθημι | VERB | V3SAPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 15 οἰκεῖται | parataxis | high | First clause, coordinated/paratactic with the following statements. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S--GMS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Ἀζᾶνος | det | high | |
| 13 | Ἀζᾶνος | Ἀζᾶνος | PROPN | NeGSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 παιδὸς | nmod:poss | high | Possessive genitive: 'the child of Azan'. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐτέθη | punct | high | |
| 15 | οἰκεῖται | οἰκέω | VERB | V3SPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/passive or middle-like 'it is inhabited'; πόλει supplies the locality. |
| 16 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 ἐστιν | cc | high | Connective δέ introducing the final clause. |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 ὁμαλῷ | case | high | |
| 18 | ὁμαλῷ | ὁμαλός | ADJ | A--DMS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 οἰκεῖται | obl | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, 'on level ground'. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 οἰκεῖται | punct | high | |
| 20 | κύκλῳ | κύκλος | NOUN | N--DMS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἐστιν | advmod | high | Adverbial dative, 'in a circle/around'. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 ἐστιν | cc | high | Coordinating/connective particle. |
| 22 | ὄρη | ὄρος | NOUN | N--NPN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν, with περιέχοντα as agreeing participle. |
| 23 | περιέχοντά | περιέχω | VERB | V-PAPNP-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 22 ὄρη | acl | high | Attributive participle agreeing with ὄρη: 'surrounding'. |
| 24 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 οἰκεῖται | conj | high | Copular predicate for ὄρη; singular agreement is common with a neuter plural subject. |
| 25 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 26 μεγάλα | advmod | high | |
| 26 | μεγάλα | μέγας | ADJ | A--NPN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ὄρη | amod | high | Predicative/attributive adjective modifying ὄρη. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 οἰκεῖται | punct | high |
Κλειτορίοις δὲ ἱερὰ τὰ ἐπιφανέστατα Δήμητρος τό τε Ἀσκληπιοῦ, τρίτον δέ ἐστιν Εἰλειθυίας εἶναι, καὶ ἀριθμὸν ἐποίησεν οὐδένα ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς·
The sentence is elliptical: ἱερὰ τὰ ἐπιφανέστατα governs genitives Δήμητρος and τό τε Ἀσκληπιοῦ, while τρίτον ... Εἰλειθυίας εἶναι continues an implied enumeration; ἐποίησεν has an implicit subject and οὐδένα modifies ἀριθμόν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κλειτορίοις | Κλειτόριος | PROPN | A-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἱερὰ | obl | high | Dative of reference/place: 'for the Cleitorians'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἱερὰ | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἱερὰ | ἱερός | NOUN | A-P---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Predicate/topic noun; copula is omitted in the first clause. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-P---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπιφανέστατα | det | high | |
| 5 | ἐπιφανέστατα | ἐπιφανής | ADJ | A-SUP---NA- | Case=Nom|Degree=Superl|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἱερὰ | amod | high | Substantivized superlative, agreeing with ἱερά. |
| 6 | Δήμητρος | Δημήτηρ | PROPN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπιφανέστατα | nmod | high | Genitive specifying deity. |
| 7 | τό | ὁ | DET | T-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 Ἀσκληπιοῦ | det | high | Article with elliptical ἱερόν; coordinated object/name phrase. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 Ἀσκληπιοῦ | cc | high | |
| 9 | Ἀσκληπιοῦ | Ἀσκληπιός | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπιφανέστατα | conj | medium | Genitive name governed by elliptical ἱερόν; article is neuter from the omitted noun. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπιφανέστατα | punct | high | |
| 11 | τρίτον | τρίτος | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Substantivized ordinal, 'the third [sanctuary]'. |
| 12 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 εἶναι | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 εἶναι | cop | high | Copula for the infinitival complement. |
| 14 | Εἰλειθυίας | Εἰλείθυια | PROPN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 εἶναι | nmod | high | Genitive of deity, 'of Eileithyia'. |
| 15 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PXN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 ἱερὰ | parataxis | medium | Infinitive in an elliptical enumerative construction; ἐστίν is its copula. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 εἶναι | punct | high | |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἐποίησεν | cc | high | |
| 18 | ἀριθμὸν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | |
| 19 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 3 ἱερὰ | parataxis | high | Implicit subject, likely Pausanias/authorial narrator. |
| 20 | οὐδένα | οὐδείς | ADJ | A-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἀριθμὸν | amod | high | Negative adjective modifying ἀριθμόν. |
| 21 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | P-----G- | Case=Dat | 22 αὐτοῖς | case | high | Elided preposition; governs dative. |
| 22 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 19 ἐποίησεν | obl | high | Refers to the sanctuaries; ἐπί with dative. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐποίησεν | punct | high |
Λύκιος δὲ Ὠλὴν ἀρχαιότερος τὴν ἡλικίαν, Δηλίοις ὕμνους καὶ ἄλλους ποιήσας καὶ ἐς Εἰλείθυιαν τε , εὔλινόν τε αὐτὴν ἀνακαλεῖ--- δῆλον ὡς τῇ πεπρωμένῃ τὴν αὐτήν---καὶ Κρόνου πρεσβυτέραν φησὶν εἶναι.
The sentence is a compressed nominal construction: Λύκιος Ὠλήν is the subject, with ἀρχαιότερος τὴν ἡλικίαν as a predicate comparison; ποιήσας introduces coordinated participial complements, and ἀνακαλεῖ plus φησὶν εἶναι govern the later accusative and infinitival clauses. Hyphen tokens are retained as punctuation; the corrupt/elliptical δῆλον ὡς τῇ πεπρωμένῃ τὴν αὐτήν is annotated conservatively.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λύκιος | Λύκιος | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ὠλὴν | nsubj | medium | Personal name in apposition to Ὠλήν; syntactically subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 37 φησὶν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ὠλὴν | Ὠλήν | PROPN | Ne-s---ma- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 φησὶν | nsubj | medium | Name of the subject; form is homonymous with accusative, but construction requires nominative. |
| 4 | ἀρχαιότερος | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ὠλὴν | amod | medium | Predicative comparative adjective, understood with Ὠλήν. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἡλικίαν | det | high | |
| 6 | ἡλικίαν | ἡλικία | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἀρχαιότερος | obl | medium | Accusative of respect with ἀρχαιότερος. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ποιήσας | punct | high | |
| 8 | Δηλίοις | Δήλιος | PROPN | Ne-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ποιήσας | iobj | high | Dative recipient with ποιήσας. |
| 9 | ὕμνους | ὕμνος | NOUN | N-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ποιήσας | obj | high | Object of ποιήσας. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἄλλους | cc | high | |
| 11 | ἄλλους | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ὕμνους | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, coordinated with ὕμνους. |
| 12 | ποιήσας | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAP-NMS- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 21 ἀνακαλεῖ | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, subject coreferential with Ὠλήν. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 Εἰλείθυιαν | cc | high | Coordinates ἐς Εἰλείθυιαν τε with the preceding hymn-making complement. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 Εἰλείθυιαν | case | high | |
| 15 | Εἰλείθυιαν | Εἰλείθυια | PROPN | Ne-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ποιήσας | obl | high | Accusative object of ἐς, within the participial phrase. |
| 16 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 Εἰλείθυιαν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἀνακαλεῖ | punct | high | |
| 18 | εὔλινόν | εὔλινος | ADJ | A-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 αὐτὴν | amod | high | Accusative feminine adjective modifying αὐτήν. |
| 19 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 εὔλινόν | cc | medium | Second postpositive τε; punctuation and coordination are compressed in the source. |
| 20 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 21 ἀνακαλεῖ | obj | high | Object of ἀνακαλεῖ. |
| 21 | ἀνακαλεῖ | ἀνακαλέω | VERB | V-PAI-3S- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 37 φησὶν | conj | high | Finite verb coordinated with φησίν; subject is Ὠλήν. |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 δῆλον | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 δῆλον | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 δῆλον | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 25 | δῆλον | δῆλος | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ἀνακαλεῖ | parataxis | low | Impersonal neuter adjective, probably an editorial/elliptical parenthetical; exact attachment uncertain. |
| 26 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 δῆλον | mark | medium | Introduces an elliptical content clause after δῆλον. |
| 27 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 πεπρωμένῃ | det | high | |
| 28 | πεπρωμένῃ | πορθέω | VERB | V-RPP-FDS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 30 αὐτήν | acl | low | Form is a feminine dative perfect passive participle, likely from a defective/fate-related lexical item; text is corrupt or elliptical. |
| 29 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 αὐτήν | det | high | |
| 30 | αὐτήν | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 25 δῆλον | obj | low | Accusative pronoun in the damaged ὡς-clause; syntactic role uncertain. |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 δῆλον | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 32 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 δῆλον | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 33 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 δῆλον | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 34 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 37 φησὶν | cc | high | Coordinates the ἀνακαλεῖ and φησίν predicates. |
| 35 | Κρόνου | Κρόνος | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 πρεσβυτέραν | obl | high | Genitive standard of comparison with πρεσβυτέραν. |
| 36 | πρεσβυτέραν | πρέσβυς | ADJ | A-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative of the infinitive εἶναι. |
| 37 | φησὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3S- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite predicate; subject is Ὠλήν. |
| 38 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN-- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 37 φησὶν | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on φησίν. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 37 φησὶν | punct | high |