Grammar parses for passage 8.22.4
Open translation for this passage
ταύτας κατατοξεῦσαι τὰς ὄρνιθας Ἡρακλῆς λέγεται.
Accusative ταύτας ... τὰς ὄρνιθας is the subject of the infinitive κατατοξεῦσαι in an accusative-and-infinitive construction dependent on λέγεται; Ἡρακλῆς is the nominative subject of the passive reporting verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτας | οὗτος | DET | δαύτας | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 2 κατατοξεῦσαι | obj | high | |
| 2 | κατατοξεῦσαι | κατατοξεύω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 6 λέγεται | csubj | high | Infinitive in reported-speech construction. |
| 3 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 ὄρνιθας | det | high | |
| 4 | ὄρνιθας | ὄρνις | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 2 κατατοξεῦσαι | obj | high | |
| 5 | Ἡρακλῆς | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 λέγεται | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-3SPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Passive impersonal/reporting use. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 λέγεται | punct | high |
Πείσανδρος δὲ αὐτὸν ὁ Καμιρεὺς ἀποκτεῖναι τὰς ὄρνιθας οὔ φησιν, ἀλλὰ ὡς ψόφῳ κροτάλων ἐκδιώξειεν αὐτάς.
Main clause: Πείσανδρος ... οὔ φησιν [αὐτὸν ... ἀποκτεῖναι τὰς ὄρνιθας], ἀλλὰ [ὡς ψόφῳ κροτάλων ἐκδιώξειεν αὐτάς]. The final ἐκδιώξειεν is a potentially deliberative/oblique optative in reported content; its exact construction is uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πείσανδρος | Πείσανδρος | PROPN | neut? | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 φησιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 φησιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἀποκτεῖναι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA---MSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Καμιρεὺς | det | high | |
| 5 | Καμιρεὺς | Καμιρεύς | PROPN | N----MSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Πείσανδρος | appos | high | Apposition to Πείσανδρος. |
| 6 | ἀποκτεῖναι | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V--AAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 φησιν | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of φησιν, negated by οὔ. |
| 7 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | RA---AFN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 ὄρνιθας | det | high | |
| 8 | ὄρνιθας | ὄρνις | NOUN | N-----AFN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἀποκτεῖναι | obj | high | |
| 9 | οὔ | οὐ | PART | D--------- | Polarity=Neg | 6 ἀποκτεῖναι | advmod | high | Negates the infinitival proposition, with scope over φησιν. |
| 10 | φησιν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 φησιν | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 φησιν | cc | high | Coordinates the corrective clause/content with the negated infinitival proposition. |
| 13 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἐκδιώξειεν | mark | medium | Introduces the manner/content clause; exact force is context-dependent. |
| 14 | ψόφῳ | ψόφος | NOUN | N-----MSD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐκδιώξειεν | obl | high | Means/manner dative. |
| 15 | κροτάλων | κρόταλον | NOUN | N-----GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ψόφῳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ψόφῳ, 'sound of castanets/clappers'. |
| 16 | ἐκδιώξειεν | ἐκδιώκω | VERB | V-?AO-3S-- | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 φησιν | conj | low | Optative form and clause relation are uncertain; likely oblique/embedded content after ἀλλά. |
| 17 | αὐτάς | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 ἐκδιώξειεν | obj | high | Refers to the birds. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 φησιν | punct | high |
γῆς δὲ τῆς Ἀράβων ἡ ἔρημος παρέχεται καὶ ἄλλα θηρία καὶ ὄρνιθας καλουμένας Στυμφαλίδας, λεόντων καὶ παρδάλεων οὐδέν τι ἡμερωτέρας ἀνθρώποις·
The clause has παρέχεται as root with γῆς τῆς Ἀράβων as a genitive source/partitive complement; θηρία and ὄρνιθας are coordinated objects, while λεόντων καὶ παρδάλεων depends on ἡμερωτέρας in a comparative genitive construction. The agreement of καλουμένας with ὄρνιθας and Στυμφαλίδας is straightforward; ἄλλα is coordinated with the object phrase but its exact attachment is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | N-g---sf- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 παρέχεται | obl | medium | Genitive of source/partitive relation with παρέχεται. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 παρέχεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S---gf-s- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἔρημος | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀράβων | Ἄραβες | PROPN | Ne----p- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἔρημος | nmod | high | Ethnic proper name in the genitive plural. |
| 5 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | S---nf-s- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἔρημος | det | high | |
| 6 | ἔρημος | ἔρημος | NOUN | N--nf-s- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 παρέχεται | nsubj | high | Substantivized feminine adjective, ‘the desert’. |
| 7 | παρέχεται | παρέχω | VERB | V3spie--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 θηρία | cc | high | |
| 9 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A---na-p- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 θηρία | amod | medium | Likely modifies θηρία; may also be read as a broader coordinated object modifier. |
| 10 | θηρία | θηρίον | NOUN | N----a-p- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 παρέχεται | obj | high | First coordinated object of παρέχεται. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ὄρνιθας | cc | high | |
| 12 | ὄρνιθας | ὄρνις | NOUN | N------a- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 παρέχεται | obj | high | Second coordinated object; masculine form can govern the following feminine participle by semantic agreement/variant usage. |
| 13 | καλουμένας | καλέω | VERB | V-pppafa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 12 ὄρνιθας | acl | medium | Feminine accusative plural agrees with the understood feminine sense/form of ὄρνιθας or its designation. |
| 14 | Στυμφαλίδας | Στυμφαλίς | ADJ | A---af-p- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 καλουμένας | xcomp | medium | Predicate appellative adjective in the construction καλουμένας Στυμφαλίδας. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 παρέχεται | punct | high | |
| 16 | λεόντων | λέων | NOUN | N-----g-p- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἡμερωτέρας | obl | high | Comparative genitive dependent on ἡμερωτέρας. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 παρδάλεων | cc | high | |
| 18 | παρδάλεων | πάρδαλις | NOUN | N-----g-p- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 λεόντων | conj | high | Coordinated genitive with λεόντων. |
| 19 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | P---na-s- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ἡμερωτέρας | advmod | medium | Adverbial neuter accusative, strengthening the comparative (‘not at all’). |
| 20 | τι | τις | PRON | P---na-s- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 οὐδέν | advmod | medium | Indefinite particle/pronoun used adverbially with οὐδέν. |
| 21 | ἡμερωτέρας | ἥμερος | ADJ | A--qaf-p- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 ὄρνιθας | acl | medium | Comparative adjective modifying the coordinated birds; accusative feminine plural follows the participial/object phrase. |
| 22 | ἀνθρώποις | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-----d-p- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἡμερωτέρας | obl | high | Dative of reference (‘for/to humans’). |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 παρέχεται | punct | high |