Grammar parses for passage 8.22.5
Open translation for this passage
αὗται τοῖς ἐπὶ ἄγραν αὐτῶν ἀφικνουμένοις ἐπιπέτανται, καὶ τιτρώσκουσί τε τοῖς ῥάμφεσι καὶ ἀποκτείνουσιν.
The first clause has a participial modifier phrase governed by τοῖς; the final two verbs are coordinated with τιτρώσκουσιν under the main verb ἐπιπέτανται.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὗται | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Dem | 7 ἐπιπέτανται | nsubj | high | Demonstrative pronoun used substantively. |
| 2 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | Dd-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ἀφικνουμένοις | obl | medium | Article introducing participial phrase. |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-- | _ | 4 ἄγραν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 4 | ἄγραν | ἄγρα | NOUN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀφικνουμένοις | obl | high | Object of ἐπί within participial phrase. |
| 5 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | Px-p---gn- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 4 ἄγραν | nmod | medium | Possessive genitive; could also modify the participle semantically. |
| 6 | ἀφικνουμένοις | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-ppp-dmn- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 2 τοῖς | acl | high | Attributive participle with article. |
| 7 | ἐπιπέτανται | ἐπιπέτομαι | VERB | V-3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb; middle/passive form with intransitive sense. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐπιπέτανται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-- | _ | 10 τιτρώσκουσί | cc | high | Connects coordinated verbs. |
| 10 | τιτρώσκουσί | τιτρώσκω | VERB | V-3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἐπιπέτανται | conj | high | Second coordinated main verb. |
| 11 | τε | τε | PART | G-- | _ | 10 τιτρώσκουσί | cc | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 12 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | Dd-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 ῥάμφεσι | det | high | Article with instrument noun. |
| 13 | ῥάμφεσι | ῥάμφος | NOUN | N-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 τιτρώσκουσί | obl | high | Dative of instrument. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-- | _ | 15 ἀποκτείνουσιν | cc | high | Connects final coordinated verb. |
| 15 | ἀποκτείνουσιν | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 τιτρώσκουσί | conj | high | Final coordinated verb. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐπιπέτανται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ὅσα μὲν δὴ χαλκοῦ καὶ σιδήρου φοροῦσιν ἄνθρωποι, διατρυπῶσιν αἱ ὄρνιθες·
First clause has a partitive/genitive object with φοροῦσιν; second clause is a main verb with nominative subject αἱ ὄρνιθες.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅσα | ὅσος | PRON | Pd-pnn--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 7 φοροῦσιν | obj | high | Relative pronoun used substantively; agrees in neuter plural. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Pk | _ | 1 ὅσα | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | Pk | _ | 7 φοροῦσιν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | χαλκοῦ | χαλκός | NOUN | Nb-smg--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 φοροῦσιν | obj | high | Genitive of material/partitive with φοροῦσιν. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 4 χαλκοῦ | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitives. |
| 6 | σιδήρου | σίδηρος | NOUN | Nb-smg--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 χαλκοῦ | conj | high | Second coordinated genitive. |
| 7 | φοροῦσιν | φορέω | VERB | V-3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 ἄνθρωποι | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of relative clause modifying ἄνθρωποι. |
| 8 | ἄνθρωποι | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | Nb-pmn--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 διατρυπῶσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of φοροῦσιν. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 διατρυπῶσιν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 10 | διατρυπῶσιν | διατρυπάω | VERB | V-3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 11 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | l-pfn--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 ὄρνιθες | det | high | Article modifying ὄρνιθες. |
| 12 | ὄρνιθες | ὄρνις | NOUN | Nb-pfn--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 διατρυπῶσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of διατρυπῶσιν. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 διατρυπῶσιν | punct | high | Middle dot punctuation. |
ἢν δὲ ἐσθῆτα φλοΐνην παχεῖαν πλέξωνται, τὰ ῥάμφη τῶν Στυμφαλίδων ὑπὸ τῆς ἐσθῆτος ἔχεται τῆς φλοΐνης, καθὰ καὶ πτέρυγες ὀρνίθων τῶν μικρῶν προσέχονται τῷ ἰξῷ.
The syntax is comparative and somewhat elliptical: the main clause ἔχεται is modified by a καθά-clause with προσέχονται, and the genitives around ἐσθῆτος/φλοΐνης are somewhat appositional or descriptive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἢν | ἐάν | SCONJ | COND | _ | 6 πλέξωνται | mark | high | Conditional particle introducing the protasis. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 πλέξωνται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐσθῆτα | ἐσθής | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 πλέξωνται | obj | high | Direct object of πλέξωνται. |
| 4 | φλοΐνην | φλοΐνος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐσθῆτα | amod | medium | Adjectival modifier of ἐσθῆτα. |
| 5 | παχεῖαν | παχύς | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐσθῆτα | amod | high | Another modifier of ἐσθῆτα. |
| 6 | πλέξωνται | πλέκω | VERB | V-3PA-MP | Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | advcl | medium | Finite verb of the protasis; syntax somewhat elliptical, but best taken as the main clause predicate of the conditional clause. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 πλέξωνται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | ATR-NEP | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ῥάμφη | det | high | Article with ῥάμφη. |
| 9 | ῥάμφη | ῥάμφος | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἔχεται | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔχεται. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | ATR-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Στυμφαλίδων | det | high | Article with Στυμφαλίδων. |
| 11 | Στυμφαλίδων | Στυμφαλίς | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ῥάμφη | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier; likely ‘of the Stymphalian [birds]’. |
| 12 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 ἐσθῆτος | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 13 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | ATR-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐσθῆτος | det | high | Article with ἐσθῆτος. |
| 14 | ἐσθῆτος | ἐσθής | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἔχεται | obl | high | Oblique complement of ἔχεται with ὑπό. |
| 15 | ἔχεται | ἔχω | VERB | V-3SPMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main clause verb. |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | ATR-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 φλοΐνης | det | high | Article with φλοΐνης. |
| 17 | φλοΐνης | φλοΐνος | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐσθῆτος | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier of ἐσθῆτος; likely descriptive/appositional. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἔχεται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 19 | καθὰ | καθά | SCONJ | _ | _ | 25 προσέχονται | mark | medium | Comparative subordinating conjunction introducing the second clause. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 καθὰ | advmod | low | Likely part of the comparative expression 'just as also'. |
| 21 | πτέρυγες | πτέρυξ | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 25 προσέχονται | nsubj | high | Subject of προσέχονται. |
| 22 | ὀρνίθων | ὄρνις | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 πτέρυγες | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of πτέρυγες. |
| 23 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | ATR-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 24 μικρῶν | det | high | Article with μικρῶν. |
| 24 | μικρῶν | μικρός | ADJ | A-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 ὀρνίθων | amod | medium | Genitive modifier agreeing with ὀρνίθων; could be construed with the genitive phrase. |
| 25 | προσέχονται | προσέχω | VERB | V-3PPMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 15 ἔχεται | advcl | high | Comparative subordinate clause dependent on ἔχεται. |
| 26 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | ATR-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 ἰξῷ | det | high | Article with ἰξῷ. |
| 27 | ἰξῷ | ἰξός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 προσέχονται | obl | high | Dative complement of προσέχονται. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἔχεται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
αὗται μέγεθος μὲν κατὰ γέρανόν εἰσιν αἱ ὄρνιθες, ἐοίκασι δὲ ἴβεσι, ῥάμφη δὲ ἀλκιμώτερα φέρουσι καὶ οὐ σκολιὰ ὥσπερ αἱ ἴβεις.
Correlative structure with μὲν...δὲ...δὲ and comparative clauses; ῥάμφη is likely nominative subject of φέρουσι, though the singular/plural agreement is irregular in the transmitted text.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὗται | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Dem | 6 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Demonstrative pronoun functioning as subject with εἰσιν. |
| 2 | μέγεθος | μέγεθος | NOUN | Nc-sn--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 εἰσιν | obl | medium | Accusative of respect/extent with κατὰ. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 1 αὗται | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 4 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R--------- | _ | 2 μέγεθος | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 5 | γέρανόν | γέρανος | NOUN | Nc-sm--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 μέγεθος | nmod | high | Object of κατὰ. |
| 6 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-3p-p--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main copular verb. |
| 7 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | l-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 ὄρνιθες | det | high | Article with ὄρνιθες. |
| 8 | ὄρνιθες | ὄρνις | NOUN | Nc-pfn-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Second predicate subject/apposition to αὗται. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 εἰσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | ἐοίκασι | ἔοικα | VERB | V-3p-p--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second finite verb; likely coordinated with εἰσιν. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G--------- | _ | 10 ἐοίκασι | discourse | high | Coordinating/continuative particle. |
| 12 | ἴβεσι | ἴβις | NOUN | Nc-pdm-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἐοίκασι | obl | high | Dative complement with ἐοίκασι. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐοίκασι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | ῥάμφη | ῥάμφος | NOUN | Nc-sn--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 φέρουσι | nsubj | low | Text likely intends nominative singular subject; form is atypical and may reflect variant spelling or agreement irregularity. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G--------- | _ | 17 φέρουσι | discourse | high | Particle introducing next clause. |
| 16 | ἀλκιμώτερα | ἀλκιμώτερος | ADJ | A-pna--- | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ῥάμφη | amod | medium | Adjective agreeing in sense with ῥάμφη if taken as collective/pluralia tantum; agreement is uncertain. |
| 17 | φέρουσι | φέρω | VERB | V-3p-p--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 ἐοίκασι | conj | high | Coordinated with ἐοίκασι. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 20 σκολιὰ | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 19 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | G--------- | _ | 20 σκολιὰ | advmod | high | Negation particle. |
| 20 | σκολιὰ | σκολιός | ADJ | A-pna--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 φέρουσι | conj | high | Predicative adjective coordinated with ἀλκιμώτερα. |
| 21 | ὥσπερ | ὥσπερ | SCONJ | G--------- | _ | 20 σκολιὰ | mark | high | Comparative marker. |
| 22 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | l-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 23 ἴβεις | det | high | Article with ἴβεις. |
| 23 | ἴβεις | ἴβις | NOUN | Nc-pfn-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 σκολιὰ | obl | high | Comparative standard with ὥσπερ. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 εἰσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |