Grammar parses for passage 8.22.5
Open translation for this passage
αὗται τοῖς ἐπὶ ἄγραν αὐτῶν ἀφικνουμένοις ἐπιπέτανται, καὶ τιτρώσκουσί τε τοῖς ῥάμφεσι καὶ ἀποκτείνουσιν.
αὗται is the subject of the coordinated predicates ἐπιπέτανται, τιτρώσκουσι, and ἀποκτείνουσι. The dative participial phrase τοῖς ... ἀφικνουμένοις is the target/group against whom the birds act; ἐπὶ ἄγραν expresses purpose, and αὐτῶν is the genitive object of ἄγραν. The dative τοῖς ῥάμφεσι is instrumental.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὗται | οὗτος | PRON | PD-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 7 ἐπιπέτανται | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | RA-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ἀφικνουμένοις | obl | high | Article substantivizes/agrees with the dative participle. |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P2 | _ | 4 ἄγραν | case | high | |
| 4 | ἄγραν | ἄγρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀφικνουμένοις | obl | high | Accusative of purpose with ἐπί. |
| 5 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 4 ἄγραν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ἄγραν; antecedent is the dative group or the birds, depending on interpretation. |
| 6 | ἀφικνουμένοις | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-PPM-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 7 ἐπιπέτανται | obl | high | Substantivized dative present middle participle. |
| 7 | ἐπιπέτανται | ἐπιπέτομαι | VERB | V-PMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐπιπέτανται | punct | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 10 τιτρώσκουσί | cc | high | |
| 10 | τιτρώσκουσί | τιτρώσκω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 7 ἐπιπέτανται | conj | high | Coordinated predicate; τε further coordinates the following predicate. |
| 11 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C- | _ | 10 τιτρώσκουσί | cc | high | |
| 12 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | RA-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 ῥάμφεσι | det | high | |
| 13 | ῥάμφεσι | ῥάμφος | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 τιτρώσκουσί | obl:instr | high | Instrumental dative. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 15 ἀποκτείνουσιν | cc | high | |
| 15 | ἀποκτείνουσιν | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 τιτρώσκουσί | conj | high | Predicate coordinated with τιτρώσκουσι. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐπιπέτανται | punct | high |
ὅσα μὲν δὴ χαλκοῦ καὶ σιδήρου φοροῦσιν ἄνθρωποι, διατρυπῶσιν αἱ ὄρνιθες·
Relative-correlative ὅσα is the fronted object of φοροῦσιν and, with μὲν, sets up the contrasting main clause; χαλκοῦ καὶ σιδήρου are genitives of material/content with φοροῦσιν. The birds are the subject of διατρυπῶσιν, whose object is the fronted relative pronoun ὅσα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅσα | ὅσος | PRON | AP-NPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 7 φοροῦσιν | obj | high | Neuter plural relative-correlative pronoun; fronted object of φοροῦσιν and resumptive semantic object of διατρυπῶσιν. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | Polarity=Pos | 7 φοροῦσιν | discourse | high | Correlative particle introducing the μεν-clause. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 φοροῦσιν | discourse | high | Emphatic/confirmatory particle. |
| 4 | χαλκοῦ | χαλκός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 φοροῦσιν | nmod | medium | Genitive of material or content with φοροῦσιν. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 σιδήρου | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive material nouns. |
| 6 | σιδήρου | σίδηρος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 φοροῦσιν | nmod | high | Genitive of material or content with φοροῦσιν; coordinated with χαλκοῦ. |
| 7 | φοροῦσιν | φορέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 διατρυπῶσιν | advcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause; subject is ἄνθρωποι. |
| 8 | ἄνθρωποι | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 φοροῦσιν | nsubj | high | Explicit subject of φοροῦσιν. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 διατρυπῶσιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | διατρυπῶσιν | διατρυπάω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate; means ‘pierce through’. |
| 11 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPF | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 ὄρνιθες | det | high | Definite article agreeing with ὄρνιθες. |
| 12 | ὄρνιθες | ὄρνις | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 διατρυπῶσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of διατρυπῶσιν. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 διατρυπῶσιν | punct | high |