Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 8.22.6

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Passage 8.22.6

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2sentences parsed

112Greek tokens

2,310input tokens

7,379output tokens

Sentence 1

8.22.6 sentence 1

Tokens: 69
Input: 1,295
Output: 4,611
Total: 5,906

εἰ μὲν δὴ καὶ αἱ κατʼ ἐμὲ ὄρνιθες αἱ Ἀράβιοι τῶν ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ ποτὲ ὀρνίθων τὸ ὄνομα, εἶδος δὲ οὐ τὸ αὐτὸ ἐκείναις ἔχουσιν, οὐκ οἶδα· εἰ δὲ τὸν πάντα αἰῶνα κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ἱέραξι καὶ ἀετοῖς καὶ Στυμφαλίδες εἰσὶν ὄρνιθες, Ἀράβιόν τε εἶναί μοι θρέμμα αἱ ὄρνιθες αὗται φαίνονται, καὶ δύναιτο ἂν πετομένη ποτὲ ἀπόμοιρα ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐς Ἀρκαδίαν ἀφικέσθαι ἐπὶ Στύμφαλον.

Two coordinated conditional clauses: the first has an omitted/elliptical predicate with οὐκ οἶδα; the second has εἰμί with predicate θρέμμα and a potential adjunct clause governed by δύναιτο. The form Στυμφαλίδες is feminine nominative plural, functioning as the subject of εἰσίν.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	εἰ	εἰ	SCONJ	CONJ	_	28 οἶδα	mark	high
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	28 οἶδα	discourse	high
3	δὴ	δή	PART	PART	_	28 οἶδα	discourse	high
4	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	8 ὄρνιθες	cc	medium	Connective καί within the first conditional clause.
5	αἱ	ὁ	DET	T-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	8 ὄρνιθες	det	high
6	κατʼ	κατά	ADP	PREP	_	7 ἐμὲ	case	high
7	ἐμὲ	ἐγώ	PRON	P-A1S	Case=Acc\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|PronType=Prs	8 ὄρνιθες	obl	high	κατʼ ἐμέ, ‘in my account/as I understand it’.
8	ὄρνιθες	ὄρνις	NOUN	N-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	28 οἶδα	nsubj	high
9	αἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	10 Ἀράβιοι	det	high
10	Ἀράβιοι	Ἀράβιος	ADJ	A-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	8 ὄρνιθες	amod	high	Substantivized/attributive adjective: Arabian [birds].
11	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	15 ὀρνίθων	det	high
12	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	13 Ἀρκαδίᾳ	case	high
13	Ἀρκαδίᾳ	Ἀρκαδία	PROPN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 ὀρνίθων	nmod	high
14	ποτὲ	ποτε	ADV	ADV	_	15 ὀρνίθων	advmod	high
15	ὀρνίθων	ὄρνις	NOUN	N-GPF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	17 ὄνομα	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ὄνομα.
16	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	17 ὄνομα	det	high
17	ὄνομα	ὄνομα	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	28 οἶδα	obj	medium	Elliptical accusative object/predicate associated with the omitted first-clause predicate.
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	28 οἶδα	punct	high
19	εἶδος	εἶδος	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	25 ἔχουσιν	obj	medium	Subject/object relation is elliptical; understood as ‘they have a different form’.
20	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	25 ἔχουσιν	cc	high
21	οὐ	οὐ	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	25 ἔχουσιν	advmod	high
22	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	23 αὐτὸ	det	high
23	αὐτὸ	αὐτός	PRON	P-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	19 εἶδος	nmod	medium	Substantival/attributive accusative: ‘the same [form]’.
24	ἐκείναις	ἐκεῖνος	PRON	P-DPF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	25 ἔχουσιν	iobj	high	Dative of comparison/reference with ἔχουσιν.
25	ἔχουσιν	ἔχω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	28 οἶδα	conj	high
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	25 ἔχουσιν	punct	high
27	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	28 οἶδα	advmod	high
28	οἶδα	οἶδα	VERB	V-RAI-1S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Perfect-form verb with present meaning.
29	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	28 οἶδα	punct	high
30	εἰ	εἰ	SCONJ	CONJ	_	43 εἰσὶν	mark	high
31	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	43 εἰσὶν	cc	high
32	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	34 αἰῶνα	det	high
33	πάντα	πᾶς	ADJ	A-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	34 αἰῶνα	amod	high
34	αἰῶνα	αἰών	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	43 εἰσὶν	obl	high	Accusative of duration.
35	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	PREP	_	37 αὐτὰ	case	high
36	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	37 αὐτὰ	det	high
37	αὐτὰ	αὐτός	PRON	P-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	43 εἰσὶν	obl	medium	κατὰ τὰ αὐτά, ‘in the same way’.
38	ἱέραξι	ἱέραξ	NOUN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	43 εἰσὶν	obl	medium	Dative of comparison/association.
39	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	40 ἀετοῖς	cc	high
40	ἀετοῖς	ἀετός	NOUN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	38 ἱέραξι	conj	high
41	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	42 Στυμφαλίδες	cc	high
42	Στυμφαλίδες	Στυμφαλίς	NOUN	N-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	43 εἰσὶν	nsubj	high	Subject of εἰσίν.
43	εἰσὶν	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	54 φαίνονται	ccomp	medium	Conditional proposition embedded under φαίνονται.
44	ὄρνιθες	ὄρνις	NOUN	N-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	43 εἰσὶν	attr	high	Predicate nominative.
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	43 εἰσὶν	punct	high
46	Ἀράβιόν	Ἀράβιος	ADJ	A-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	50 θρέμμα	amod	high	Predicate adjective with θρέμμα.
47	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	50 θρέμμα	cc	high
48	εἶναί	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	54 φαίνονται	xcomp	high	Infinitive complement of φαίνονται.
49	μοι	ἐγώ	PRON	P-D1S	Case=Dat\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|PronType=Prs	54 φαίνονται	iobj	high	Dative of experiencer with φαίνονται.
50	θρέμμα	θρέμμα	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	48 εἶναί	xcomp	high	Predicate nominative of εἶναι.
51	αἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	52 ὄρνιθες	det	high
52	ὄρνιθες	ὄρνις	NOUN	N-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	54 φαίνονται	nsubj	high
53	αὗται	οὗτος	PRON	P-NPF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	52 ὄρνιθες	det	high	Demonstrative determiner.
54	φαίνονται	φαίνομαι	VERB	V-PMI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main predicate of the second coordinated sentence.
55	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	54 φαίνονται	punct	high
56	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	57 δύναιτο	cc	high
57	δύναιτο	δύναμαι	VERB	V-POI-3S	Mood=Opt\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	54 φαίνονται	conj	high	Potential optative with ἄν.
58	ἂν	ἄν	PART	PART	_	57 δύναιτο	advmod	high	Modal particle with potential optative.
59	πετομένη	πέτομαι	VERB	V-PMP-NFS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	57 δύναιτο	advcl	high	Feminine singular participle; understood subject is an individual bird.
60	ποτὲ	ποτε	ADV	ADV	_	66 ἀφικέσθαι	advmod	high
61	ἀπόμοιρα	ἀπόμοιρος	ADJ	A-NFS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	59 πετομένη	advmod	medium	Predicative/adverbial adjective, ‘parted/separated’.
62	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	_	63 αὐτῶν	case	high
63	αὐτῶν	αὐτός	PRON	P-GPF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	59 πετομένη	obl	high	Source/separation complement of ἀπόμοιρα understood with ἐξ.
64	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	65 Ἀρκαδίαν	case	high
65	Ἀρκαδίαν	Ἀρκαδία	PROPN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	66 ἀφικέσθαι	obl	high
66	ἀφικέσθαι	ἀφικνέομαι	VERB	V-2AMN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	57 δύναιτο	xcomp	high	Complementary infinitive of δύναιτο.
67	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	PREP	_	68 Στύμφαλον	case	high
68	Στύμφαλον	Στύμφαλος	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	66 ἀφικέσθαι	obl	high
69	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	54 φαίνονται	punct	high

Sentence 2

8.22.6 sentence 2

Tokens: 43
Input: 1,015
Output: 2,768
Total: 3,783

ὑπὸ μὲν δὴ τῶν Ἀράβων ἄλλο τί που ἐξ ἀρχῆς καλοῖντο ἂν καὶ οὐ Στυμφαλίδες· τοῦ Ἡρακλέους δὲ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν πρὸ τοῦ βαρβαρικοῦ τετιμημένον ἐξενίκησεν ὡς καὶ τὰς ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τῇ Ἀράβων Στυμφαλίδας καὶ ἐπὶ ἡμῶν ὀνομάζεσθαι.

The first optative clause contrasts an alternative name given by the Arabs with Στυμφαλίδες; ἐξενίκησεν governs coordinated subjects ἡ δόξα and τὸ Ἑλληνικόν, followed by a ὡς result infinitive.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	_	Case=Gen	11 καλοῖντο	case	high
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	_	_	11 καλοῖντο	discourse	high
3	δὴ	δή	PART	_	_	11 καλοῖντο	discourse	high
4	τῶν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 Ἀράβων	det	high
5	Ἀράβων	Ἄραψ	PROPN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	11 καλοῖντο	obl:agent	high
6	ἄλλο	ἄλλος	ADJ	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	11 καλοῖντο	xcomp	medium	Predicative accusative/nominal complement with καλοῖντο; neuter singular is substantival.
7	τί	τις	PRON	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 ἄλλο	det	high
8	που	που	ADV	_	_	11 καλοῖντο	advmod	high
9	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	_	Case=Gen	10 ἀρχῆς	case	high
10	ἀρχῆς	ἀρχή	NOUN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 καλοῖντο	obl	high
11	καλοῖντο	καλέω	VERB	_	Mood=Opt\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	29 ἐξενίκησεν	advcl	high
12	ἂν	ἄν	PART	_	_	11 καλοῖντο	aux	high	Modal particle with optative.
13	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	15 Στυμφαλίδες	cc	high
14	οὐ	οὐ	PART	{}	_	11 καλοῖντο	advmod	high	Negates the omitted/understood naming predicate.
15	Στυμφαλίδες	Στυμφαλίς	PROPN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	11 καλοῖντο	xcomp	medium	Predicate complement of καλοῖντο with understood naming construction.
16	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	29 ἐξενίκησεν	punct	high
17	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 Ἡρακλέους	det	high
18	Ἡρακλέους	Ἡρακλῆς	PROPN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 δόξα	nmod	high
19	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	_	_	29 ἐξενίκησεν	cc	high
20	ἡ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 δόξα	det	high
21	δόξα	δόξα	NOUN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 ἐξενίκησεν	nsubj	high
22	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	24 Ἑλληνικὸν	cc	high
23	τὸ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	24 Ἑλληνικὸν	det	high
24	Ἑλληνικὸν	Ἑλληνικός	ADJ	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	29 ἐξενίκησεν	nsubj	high	Substantivized adjective coordinated with δόξα.
25	πρὸ	πρό	ADP	_	Case=Gen	27 βαρβαρικοῦ	case	high
26	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	27 βαρβαρικοῦ	det	high
27	βαρβαρικοῦ	βαρβαρικός	ADJ	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	28 τετιμημένον	obl	medium	Substantivized adjective, complement of πρὸ.
28	τετιμημένον	τιμάω	VERB	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	29 ἐξενίκησεν	acl	high	Participial modifier of τὸ Ἑλληνικόν; agrees neuter singular.
29	ἐξενίκησεν	ἐκνικάω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
30	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	_	_	42 ὀνομάζεσθαι	mark	medium	Introduces the consecutive/content infinitival clause.
31	καὶ	καί	ADV	_	_	42 ὀνομάζεσθαι	advmod	high	Even/also, reinforcing the result.
32	τὰς	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	38 Στυμφαλίδας	det	high
33	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	_	Case=Dat	35 ἐρήμῳ	case	high
34	τῇ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	35 ἐρήμῳ	det	high
35	ἐρήμῳ	ἔρημος	NOUN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	38 Στυμφαλίδας	nmod	high
36	τῇ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	37 Ἀράβων	det	high
37	Ἀράβων	Ἄραψ	PROPN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	35 ἐρήμῳ	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ἐρήμῳ: the Arabs' desert.
38	Στυμφαλίδας	Στυμφαλίς	PROPN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	42 ὀνομάζεσθαι	obj	high
39	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	42 ὀνομάζεσθαι	cc	medium	Coordinates the naming result with the preceding result predicate.
40	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	_	Case=Gen	41 ἡμῶν	case	high
41	ἡμῶν	ἐγώ	PRON	_	Case=Gen\|Number=Plur\|Person=1	42 ὀνομάζεσθαι	obl	high	Genitive with ἐπί, 'in our time/among us'.
42	ὀνομάζεσθαι	ὀνομάζω	VERB	_	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Pass	29 ἐξενίκησεν	xcomp	high	Infinitive in the ὡς result construction; τὰς ... Στυμφαλίδας is its accusative subject/object naming complement.
43	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	29 ἐξενίκησεν	punct	high

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