Pausanias Analysis

Passage 8.22.6

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Passage 8.22.6: The Stymphalian birds and their possible Arabian origin

Mythic Skeptical

Greek Text

εἰ μὲν δὴ καὶ αἱ κατʼ ἐμὲ ὄρνιθες αἱ Ἀράβιοι τῶν ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ ποτὲ ὀρνίθων τὸ ὄνομα, εἶδος δὲ οὐ τὸ αὐτὸ ἐκείναις ἔχουσιν, οὐκ οἶδα· εἰ δὲ τὸν πάντα αἰῶνα κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ἱέραξι καὶ ἀετοῖς καὶ Στυμφαλίδες εἰσὶν ὄρνιθες, Ἀράβιόν τε εἶναί μοι θρέμμα αἱ ὄρνιθες αὗται φαίνονται, καὶ δύναιτο ἂν πετομένη ποτὲ ἀπόμοιρα ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐς Ἀρκαδίαν ἀφικέσθαι ἐπὶ Στύμφαλον. ὑπὸ μὲν δὴ τῶν Ἀράβων ἄλλο τί που ἐξ ἀρχῆς καλοῖντο ἂν καὶ οὐ Στυμφαλίδες· τοῦ Ἡρακλέους δὲ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν πρὸ τοῦ βαρβαρικοῦ τετιμημένον ἐξενίκησεν ὡς καὶ τὰς ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τῇ Ἀράβων Στυμφαλίδας καὶ ἐπὶ ἡμῶν ὀνομάζεσθαι.

English Translation

Whether the Arabian birds of my own day bear the name of those once in Arcadia, but differ in appearance from them, I cannot say; but if throughout all time the Stymphalian birds have been similar to hawks and eagles, these present-day birds seem to me indeed to be Arabian in origin, and it would have been possible for some of them, flying astray, to reach Arcadia at Stymphalos. Originally, however, they must have been called by some other name among the Arabs and certainly not Stymphalian; but the fame of Herakles, along with the honored status of things Greek compared to the barbarian, has prevailed to the extent that even the birds in the Arabian desert are called Stymphalian up to our own times.

Proper Nouns

Stymphalides (Στυμφαλίδες) other
Arabion (Ἀράβιον) other
Hellenic (Ἑλληνικόν) other
Arabs (Ἄραβες) person
Also in: 9.28.3
Heracles (Ἡρακλῆς) person
Stymphalos (Στύμφαλος) place Q2359730
Arcadia (Ἀρκαδία) place Q12898802
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