Grammar parses for passage 8.22.7
Open translation for this passage
ἐν Στυμφάλῳ δὲ καὶ ἱερὸν Ἀρτέμιδός ἐστιν ἀρχαῖον Στυμφαλίας· τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα ξόανόν ἐστι τὰ πολλὰ ἐπίχρυσον.
Two coordinated clauses: ἱερόν ἐστιν takes ἀρχαῖον as predicate adjective and Στυμφαλίας as a genitive modifier; ξόανον ἐστι likewise takes ἐπίχρυσον as predicate, with τὰ πολλά adverbial accusative meaning ‘for the most part’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 Στυμφάλῳ | case | high | |
| 2 | Στυμφάλῳ | Στύμφαλος | PROPN | N----DS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | obl | high | |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἱερὸν | cc | high | |
| 5 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | A----NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, ‘sanctuary’. |
| 6 | Ἀρτέμιδός | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | N----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | |
| 7 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | First clause predicate. |
| 8 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A----NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἱερὸν | amod | high | Predicate adjective linked to ἱερόν. |
| 9 | Στυμφαλίας | Στυμφαλία | PROPN | N----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Ethnic/geographical genitive modifying the sanctuary designation. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA----NSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἄγαλμα | det | high | |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 ἐστι | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N----NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἐστι | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | ξόανόν | ξόανον | NOUN | N----NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἐστι | xcomp | high | Predicate noun with εἰμί. |
| 15 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἐστιν | conj | high | Second coordinated clause; its subject is ἄγαλμα. |
| 16 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA----NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 πολλὰ | obj | high | Part of the adverbial expression τὰ πολλά. |
| 17 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A----NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ἐπίχρυσον | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘for the most part’. |
| 18 | ἐπίχρυσον | ἐπίχρυσος | ADJ | A----NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἐστι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective; formally syncretic with accusative, but agrees with neuter singular subject ἄγαλμα. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐστι | punct | high |
πρὸς δὲ τοῦ ναοῦ τῷ ὀρόφῳ πεποιημέναι καὶ οἱ Στυμφαλίδες εἰσὶν ὄρνιθες· σαφῶς μὲν οὖν χαλεπὸν ἦν διαγνῶναι πότερον ξύλου ποίημα ἦν ἢ γύψου, τεκμαιρομένοις δὲ ἡμῖν ἐφαίνετο εἶναι ξύλου μᾶλλον ἢ γύψου.
The first clause has πεποιημέναι agreeing with the understood/preceding feminine subject οἱ Στυμφαλίδες ὄρνιθες, with τῷ ὀρόφῳ as a dative of material/association or construction; the following clauses are impersonal evaluative constructions. τεκμαιρομένοις is a dative absolute with ἡμῖν, while εἶναι is complementary to ἐφαίνετο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 6 ὀρόφῳ | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 εἰσὶν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T- GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ναοῦ | det | high | |
| 4 | ναοῦ | ναός | NOUN | N- GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὀρόφῳ | nmod | medium | Genitive with πρὸς; spatial relation may be read as 'toward/by the temple roof'. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T- DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ὀρόφῳ | det | high | |
| 6 | ὀρόφῳ | ὀρόφος | NOUN | N- DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 πεποιημέναι | obl | medium | Dative associated with πεποιημέναι, likely material/construction relation. |
| 7 | πεποιημέναι | ποιέω | VERB | V-RPMP-NFP | Aspect=Perf|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass | 11 εἰσὶν | advcl | medium | Perfect passive participle, feminine plural; syntactically predicative with the following subject. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 Στυμφαλίδες | cc | high | |
| 9 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T- NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 ὄρνιθες | det | high | |
| 10 | Στυμφαλίδες | Στυμφαλίς | PROPN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 ὄρνιθες | amod | medium | Feminine plural ethnic/name modifying ὄρνιθες; article is masculine in the supplied text. |
| 11 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | ὄρνιθες | ὄρνις | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 εἰσὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 εἰσὶν | punct | high | |
| 14 | σαφῶς | σαφῶς | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 17 χαλεπὸν | advmod | high | |
| 15 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 17 χαλεπὸν | discourse | high | |
| 16 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | PART | _ | 17 χαλεπὸν | discourse | high | |
| 17 | χαλεπὸν | χαλεπός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective in impersonal construction. |
| 18 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second coordinated clause root. |
| 19 | διαγνῶναι | διαγιγνώσκω | VERB | V-2AAN | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 17 χαλεπὸν | csubj | medium | Aorist infinitive functioning as the understood subject of χαλεπόν. |
| 20 | πότερον | πότερον | SCONJ | ADV | PronType=Int | 19 διαγνῶναι | mark | high | Introduces the indirect alternative question. |
| 21 | ξύλου | ξύλον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ποίημα | nmod | high | Material genitive. |
| 22 | ποίημα | ποίημα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Predicate/nominative subject of the embedded ἦν. |
| 23 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 19 διαγνῶναι | ccomp | high | |
| 24 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 ποίημα | cc | high | |
| 25 | γύψου | γύψος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ποίημα | nmod | high | Material genitive, with ellipsis of ποίημα. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | |
| 27 | τεκμαιρομένοις | τεκμαίρομαι | VERB | V-PMP-DPM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 30 ἐφαίνετο | advcl | medium | Dative plural participle in a dative absolute with ἡμῖν. |
| 28 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 30 ἐφαίνετο | cc | high | |
| 29 | ἡμῖν | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1DPM | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 27 τεκμαιρομένοις | nsubj | medium | Dative-absolute subject; formal dative relation is not ordinary clause subject. |
| 30 | ἐφαίνετο | φαίνω | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal-looking middle/passive verb, 'it appeared'. |
| 31 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 30 ἐφαίνετο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive. |
| 32 | ξύλου | ξύλον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 εἶναι | nmod | high | Material genitive, with ellipsis of ποίημα. |
| 33 | μᾶλλον | μᾶλλον | ADV | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 31 εἶναι | advmod | high | |
| 34 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 33 μᾶλλον | cc | high | |
| 35 | γύψου | γύψος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 33 μᾶλλον | nmod | high | Material genitive in comparative phrase, with ellipsis of the repeated predicate. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high |
εἰσὶ δὲ αὐτόθι καὶ παρθένοι λίθου λευκοῦ, σκέλη δέ σφισίν ἐστιν ὀρνίθων, ἑστᾶσι δὲ ὄπισθε τοῦ ναοῦ.
Three coordinated existential/predicative clauses describe stone maidens, their bird-like legs, and their position behind the temple; ὄπισθε is used postpositively with the genitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτόθι | αὐτόθι | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | advmod | high | Locative adverb. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 παρθένοι | cc | high | Coordinates παρθένοι with the preceding understood/existing group. |
| 5 | παρθένοι | παρθένος | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 εἰσὶ | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 παρθένοι | nmod | high | Material genitive: maidens of stone. |
| 7 | λευκοῦ | λευκός | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 λίθου | amod | high | Agrees with λίθου. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | punct | high | |
| 9 | σκέλη | σκέλος | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Predicate clause with ἐστιν; neuter plural subject. |
| 10 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 11 | σφισίν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 12 ἐστιν | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/reference, ‘for them/their’. |
| 12 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 εἰσὶ | conj | high | |
| 13 | ὀρνίθων | ὄρνις | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 σκέλη | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the legs: legs of birds. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἑστᾶσι | ἵστημι | VERB | V-RAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 1 εἰσὶ | conj | medium | Perfect active ‘stand’; orthographic form may be treated as a perfect of ἵστημι. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἑστᾶσι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 17 | ὄπισθε | ὄπισθεν | ADP | ADV | _ | 15 ἑστᾶσι | case | medium | Postposition governing the genitive τοῦ ναοῦ; adverbial/postpositional usage. |
| 18 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ναοῦ | det | high | |
| 19 | ναοῦ | ναός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ὄπισθε | obl | high | Genitive complement of ὄπισθε. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | punct | high |