Grammar parses for passage 8.22.8
Open translation for this passage
λέγεται δὲ καὶ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν γενέσθαι θαῦμα τοιόνδε.
Impersonal λέγεται governs an accusative-and-infinitive construction: θαῦμα is the accusative subject of γενέσθαι, with τοιόνδε modifying it; ἐφʼ ἡμῶν means ‘in our time.’
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-3-SPI-M/P | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal passive, introducing the infinitival report. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | high | Coordinating/additive particle. |
| 4 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 ἡμῶν | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί before a vowel. |
| 5 | ἡμῶν | ἐγώ | PRON | P-G-1P | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1 | 6 γενέσθαι | obl | high | Genitive with ἐπί, temporal ‘in our time’. |
| 6 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 1 λέγεται | ccomp | high | Aorist middle infinitive in the reported construction. |
| 7 | θαῦμα | θαῦμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive γενέσθαι. |
| 8 | τοιόνδε | τοιόσδε | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 θαῦμα | amod | high | Demonstrative adjective modifying θαῦμα. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high |
ἐν Στυμφάλῳ τῆς Ἀρτέμιδος τῆς Στυμφαλίας τὴν ἑορτὴν κα τά τε ἄλλα ἦγον οὐ σπουδῇ καὶ τὰ ἐς αὐτὴν καθεστηκότα ὑπερέβαινον τὰ πολλά.
The subject of ἦγον and ὑπερέβαινον is an implicit plural τρίτοι/οἱ Στυμφάλιοι. καθεστηκότα is a perfect active participle, substantivized or agreeing with τὰ, in the phrase τὰ ἐς αὐτὴν καθεστηκότα; καὶ coordinates the two predicates. The printed κα before τά is taken as καί with elision/orthographic contraction, though its form is anomalous.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 2 Στυμφάλῳ | case | high | |
| 2 | Στυμφάλῳ | Στύμφαλος | PROPN | Ne-s--- | Case=Loc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἦγον | obl | high | Locative of place. |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Df-sg-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Ἀρτέμιδος | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀρτέμιδος | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | Ne-sf-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἑορτὴν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἑορτήν: festival of Artemis. |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Df-sg-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Στυμφαλίας | det | high | |
| 6 | Στυμφαλίας | Στυμφαλία | ADJ | A--sfg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀρτέμιδος | amod | high | Epithet agreeing with Ἀρτέμιδος. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Df-saf- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 ἑορτὴν | det | high | |
| 8 | ἑορτὴν | ἑορτή | NOUN | N-saf- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἦγον | obj | high | |
| 9 | κα | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἦγον | cc | medium | Likely καί, orthographically shortened before τε. |
| 10 | τά | ὁ | DET | Df-pna- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 ἄλλα | det | high | |
| 11 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἄλλα | cc | high | Forms καί ... τε ... with ἄλλα. |
| 12 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A--pna- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἦγον | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, 'other matters'; coordinated discourse object. |
| 13 | ἦγον | ἄγω | VERB | V- Impf act ind 3p | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Implicit plural subject. |
| 14 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 15 σπουδῇ | advmod | high | |
| 15 | σπουδῇ | σπουδή | NOUN | N-sfd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἦγον | obl | high | Dative of manner. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ὑπερέβαινον | cc | high | Coordinates ἦγον and ὑπερέβαινον. |
| 17 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Df-pna- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 καθεστηκότα | det | high | Article with substantivized participle. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 19 αὐτὴν | case | high | |
| 19 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-saf-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 20 καθεστηκότα | obl | high | Refers to Artemis/its festival; object of ἐς. |
| 20 | καθεστηκότα | καθίστημι | VERB | V--rna-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ὑπερέβαινον | obj | medium | Perfect active participle, substantivized with τὰ; effectively 'the established observances/things'. |
| 21 | ὑπερέβαινον | ὑπερβαίνω | VERB | V- Impf act ind 3p | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 13 ἦγον | conj | high | Implicit plural subject shared with ἦγον. |
| 22 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Df-pna- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 23 πολλά | det | high | |
| 23 | πολλά | πολύς | ADJ | A--pna- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ὑπερέβαινον | advmod | medium | Substantivized τὰ πολλά, 'for the most part/in most respects'; adverbial accusative is also possible in idiom. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἦγον | punct | high |
ἐσπεσοῦσα οὖν ὕλη κατὰ τοῦ βαράθρου τὸ στόμα, ᾗ κάτεισιν ὁ ποταμός ὅς ἐστιν ὁ Στύμφαλος , ἀνεῖργε μὴ καταδύεσθαι τὸ ὕδωρ, λίμνην τε ὅσον ἐπὶ τετρακοσίους σταδίους τὸ πεδίον σφίσι γενέσθαι λέγουσι.
The sentence has a main clause with ἀνεῖργε and a coordinated reporting clause λέγουσι; the latter contains an accusative-and-infinitive construction, with λίμνην as predicative accusative and πεδίον as the accusative subject of γενέσθαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐσπεσοῦσα | ἐσπίπτω | VERB | V-APA-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 3 ὕλη | acl | high | Aorist active participle modifying ὕλη. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D | _ | 19 ἀνεῖργε | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 3 | ὕλη | ὕλη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἀνεῖργε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀνεῖργε. |
| 4 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 6 βαράθρου | case | high | With genitive, indicating downward direction. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 βαράθρου | det | high | |
| 6 | βαράθρου | βάραθρον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 στόμα | nmod | high | |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 στόμα | det | high | |
| 8 | στόμα | στόμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἐσπεσοῦσα | obl | medium | Accusative location/object associated with the participial event. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἀνεῖργε | punct | high | |
| 10 | ᾗ | ὅς | PRON | R-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 κάτεισιν | obl | medium | Relative dative, referring to the opening/mouth. |
| 11 | κάτεισιν | κάτειμι | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Active | 8 στόμα | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying στόμα. |
| 12 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ποταμός | det | high | |
| 13 | ποταμός | ποταμός | NOUN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 κάτεισιν | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | ὅς | ὅς | PRON | R-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun introducing identification. |
| 15 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 ποταμός | acl:relcl | high | Copular identification of the river. |
| 16 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Στύμφαλος | det | high | |
| 17 | Στύμφαλος | Στύμφαλος | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἀνεῖργε | punct | high | |
| 19 | ἀνεῖργε | ἀνέργω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 20 | μὴ | μή | PART | Q | Polarity=Neg | 21 καταδύεσθαι | advmod | high | Negates the infinitive. |
| 21 | καταδύεσθαι | καταδύω | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Pres|Voice=Middle | 19 ἀνεῖργε | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἀνεῖργε. |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 23 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 καταδύεσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἀνεῖργε | punct | high | |
| 25 | λίμνην | λίμνη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 γενέσθαι | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative with γενέσθαι in reported content. |
| 26 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 25 λίμνην | cc | high | Connective enclitic. |
| 27 | ὅσον | ὅσος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 30 σταδίους | amod | medium | Accusative extent expression modifying σταδίους. |
| 28 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 30 σταδίους | case | high | With accusative, expressing extent. |
| 29 | τετρακοσίους | τετρακόσιοι | NUM | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 30 σταδίους | amod | high | |
| 30 | σταδίους | στάδιον | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 λίμνην | nmod | high | Extent of the lake. |
| 31 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 32 πεδίον | det | high | |
| 32 | πεδίον | πεδίον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 34 γενέσθαι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of γενέσθαι. |
| 33 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | R-DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 34 γενέσθαι | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/possession. |
| 34 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AMN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 35 λέγουσι | ccomp | high | Infinitive in reported speech. |
| 35 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Active | 19 ἀνεῖργε | conj | high | Coordinated reporting verb. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἀνεῖργε | punct | high |