Grammar parses for passage 8.23.3
Open translation for this passage
τὸ δὲ ὄνομά ἐστι μὲν δῆλον ἀπὸ Κηφέως τοῦ Ἀλέου τῇ πόλει γεγονός, ὀνομάζεσθαι δὲ αὐτὴν φωνῇ τῇ Ἀρκάδων Καφυὰς ἐκνενίκηκε.
The closing clause is syntactically compressed: ὀνομάζεσθαι αὐτὴν Καφυὰς is an infinitival naming construction functioning as the subject/complement of ἐκνενίκηκε; the supplied form γεγονός is treated as a nominative neuter participle modifying τὸ ὄνομα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ὄνομά | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 δῆλον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὄνομά | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστι | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular predicate with δῆλον. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 6 δῆλον | advmod | high | Correlative particle, answered by δέ. |
| 6 | δῆλον | δῆλος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective. |
| 7 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Κηφέως | case | high | |
| 8 | Κηφέως | Κηφεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 δῆλον | obl | high | |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Ἀλέου | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἀλέου | Ἀλεός | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Κηφέως | appos | high | Patronymic/appositional identifier of Κηφεύς. |
| 11 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 πόλει | det | high | |
| 12 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 γεγονός | iobj | medium | Dative with γεγονός, likely 'having happened/come to the city'. |
| 13 | γεγονός | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-RAP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 6 δῆλον | acl | medium | Perfect participle agreeing with τὸ ὄνομα; idiomatically relates the name's origin/occurrence. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 γεγονός | punct | high | |
| 15 | ὀνομάζεσθαι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 22 ἐκνενίκηκε | csubj | medium | Articular infinitival subject of ἐκνενίκηκε; passive 'to be called'. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 ἐκνενίκηκε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 17 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 15 ὀνομάζεσθαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the passive infinitive. |
| 18 | φωνῇ | φωνή | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ὀνομάζεσθαι | obl | medium | Dative of manner/medium: 'in the speech/language'. |
| 19 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 φωνῇ | det | high | |
| 20 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 φωνῇ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on φωνῇ. |
| 21 | Καφυὰς | Καφυάς | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ὀνομάζεσθαι | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominative/complement of ὀνομάζεσθαι; spelling and accent reflect the supplied token. |
| 22 | ἐκνενίκηκε | ἐκνικάω | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 4 ἐστι | conj | medium | Perfect active finite verb coordinated with the copular clause; subject is τὸ ὄνομα. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστι | punct | high |
φασὶ δὲ οἱ Καφυεῖς τὰ ἄνωθεν ἐκ τῆς Ἀττικῆς εἶναι χώρας, ἐκβληθέντες δὲ ὑπὸ Αἰγέως ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν ἐς Ἀρκαδίαν φυγεῖν καὶ ἱκέται γενόμενοι Κηφέως οἰκῆσαι ἐνταῦθα.
Finite φασί governs an accusative-and-infinitive report: τὰ ἄνωθεν ... εἶναι χώρας, followed by coordinated infinitives φυγεῖν and οἰκῆσαι; ἐκβληθέντες and γενόμενοι are circumstantial participles referring to Καφυεῖς. The phrase τὰ ἄνωθεν is substantivized and means 'the people/things from above'; its exact syntactic relation to χώρας is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φασὶ | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 φασὶ | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Καφυεῖς | det | high | |
| 4 | Καφυεῖς | Καφυεύς | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 φασὶ | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 5 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἄνωθεν | det | high | Substantivizes ἄνωθεν. |
| 6 | ἄνωθεν | ἄνωθεν | ADV | ADV | _ | 10 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Substantivized adverb, accusative-like subject of εἶναι in the reported clause. |
| 7 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 Ἀττικῆς | case | high | |
| 8 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Ἀττικῆς | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἀττικῆς | Ἀττική | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 χώρας | nmod | high | Genitive with χώρας; ἐκ τῆς Ἀττικῆς modifies the provenance. |
| 10 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 φασὶ | ccomp | high | Infinitive in accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 11 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 εἶναι | obl | medium | Genitive predicate/partitive expression with εἶναι; exact attachment is elliptical. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 εἶναι | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἐκβληθέντες | ἐκβάλλω | VERB | V-APP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 4 Καφυεῖς | advcl | high | Circumstantial passive participle agreeing with Καφυεῖς. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἐκβληθέντες | cc | high | |
| 15 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 Αἰγέως | case | high | |
| 16 | Αἰγέως | Αἰγεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐκβληθέντες | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive participle. |
| 17 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 Ἀθηνῶν | case | high | |
| 18 | Ἀθηνῶν | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 φυγεῖν | obl | high | Source/place from which they were expelled and fled. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 Ἀρκαδίαν | case | high | |
| 20 | Ἀρκαδίαν | Ἀρκαδία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 φυγεῖν | obl | high | Goal of φυγεῖν. |
| 21 | φυγεῖν | φεύγω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 φασὶ | ccomp | high | Coordinated reported infinitive, subject understood as Καφυεῖς. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 οἰκῆσαι | cc | high | Coordinates φυγεῖν and οἰκῆσαι, though attached here to the latter. |
| 23 | ἱκέται | ἱκέτης | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 γενόμενοι | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with γενόμενοι. |
| 24 | γενόμενοι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 26 οἰκῆσαι | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Καφυεῖς. |
| 25 | Κηφέως | Κηφεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 γενόμενοι | obl | high | Genitive with ἱκέται γενόμενοι: becoming suppliants of Kepheus. |
| 26 | οἰκῆσαι | οἰκέω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 φασὶ | ccomp | high | Coordinated reported infinitive; ἐνταῦθα is its locative modifier. |
| 27 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 26 οἰκῆσαι | advmod | high | |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 φασὶ | punct | high |
τὸ μὲν δὴ πόλισμα ἐπὶ τοῦ πεδίου τῷ πέρατι ὀρῶν οὐκ ἄγαν ὑψηλῶν παρὰ τοῖς ποσίν ἐστι·
The sentence has a locative copular predicate: πόλισμα is subject, with ἐπὶ τοῦ πεδίου and παρὰ τοῖς ποσίν as locative complements; τῷ πέρατι ὀρῶν qualifies the edge as the boundary of mountains. The attachment of παρὰ τοῖς ποσίν is interpreted as spatially local.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 πόλισμα | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 4 πόλισμα | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; δὴ follows as an emphatic particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 4 πόλισμα | discourse | high | |
| 4 | πόλισμα | πόλισμα | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἐστι | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 πεδίου | case | high | With genitive, marking location over/on the plain. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 πεδίου | det | high | |
| 7 | πεδίου | πεδίον | NOUN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἐστι | obl | high | Object of ἐπί. |
| 8 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-S---ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 πέρατι | det | high | |
| 9 | πέρατι | πέρας | NOUN | N-S---ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 πεδίου | nmod | medium | Dative of location or relation, specifying the edge of the plain. |
| 10 | ὀρῶν | ὄρος | NOUN | N-P---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 πέρατι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πέρατι: the edge/boundary of mountains. |
| 11 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | X-------- | Polarity=Neg | 17 ἐστι | advmod | high | |
| 12 | ἄγαν | ἄγαν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 ὑψηλῶν | advmod | high | |
| 13 | ὑψηλῶν | ὑψηλός | ADJ | A-P---NG- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ὀρῶν | amod | high | Agrees with ὀρῶν; ἄγαν modifies the adjective. |
| 14 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 ποσίν | case | high | With dative, marking position beside/near. |
| 15 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 ποσίν | det | high | |
| 16 | ποσίν | πούς | NOUN | N-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἐστι | obl | high | Object of παρά; idiomatically near the feet/base. |
| 17 | ἐστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐστι | punct | high |
Καφυάταις δὲ ἱερὰ θεῶν Ποσειδῶνός ἐστι καὶ ἐπίκλησιν Κνακαλησίας Ἀρτέμιδος.
The sentence has an existential/copular construction: ἱερὰ is the subject, with θεῶν and Ποσειδῶνος dependent genitives; ἐπίκλησιν ... Ἀρτέμιδος is a coordinated second predicate/elliptical accusative phrase, likely naming Artemis by the epithet Κνακαλησίαν, though the transmitted form Κνακαλησίας is morphologically ambiguous.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Καφυάταις | Καφυάτης | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐστι | iobj | high | Dative of association/reference: ‘for the Caphyatians’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἐστι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἱερὰ | ἱερός | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Neuter plural-looking form? Here best read as neuter singular substantive/predicate-like subject; form is syncretic in some traditions. |
| 4 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἱερὰ | nmod | high | Dependent genitive: ‘of gods’. |
| 5 | Ποσειδῶνός | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἱερὰ | nmod | high | Genitive specifying one of the gods. |
| 6 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἐπίκλησιν | cc | high | Coordinates the second nominal phrase. |
| 8 | ἐπίκλησιν | ἐπίκλησις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστι | obj | medium | Accusative phrase under an elliptical/copular construction; possibly ‘also [a sanctuary] by the invocation/name’. |
| 9 | Κνακαλησίας | Κνακαλησία | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπίκλησιν | nmod | low | Transmitted ending is genitive singular, although the sense may expect an epithet/name in apposition or a genitive of designation. |
| 10 | Ἀρτέμιδος | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπίκλησιν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἐπίκλησιν: ‘of Artemis’. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστι | punct | high |