Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 8.23.5

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Passage 8.23.5

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3sentences parsed

72Greek tokens

2,389input tokens

5,338output tokens

Sentence 1

8.23.5 sentence 1

Tokens: 49
Input: 1,049
Output: 3,398
Total: 4,447

εἰ δὲ Ἑλλήνων τοῖς λόγοις ἑπόμενον καταριθμήσασθαι δεῖ με ὁπόσα δένδρα σῶα ἔτι καὶ τεθηλότα λείπεται, πρεσβύτατον μὲν ἡ λύγος ἐστὶν αὐτῶν ἡ ἐν τῷ Σαμίων πεφυκυῖα ἱερῷ Ἥρας, μετὰ δὲ αὐτὴν ἡ ἐν Δωδώνῃ δρῦς καὶ ἐλαία τε ἡ ἐν ἀκροπόλει καὶ ἡ παρὰ Δηλίοις·

Conditional construction: εἰ ... δεῖ governs καταριθμήσασθαι with accusative subject με; ὁπόσα δένδρα is the object/content of enumeration, while the following nominative phrases list the surviving trees. The participle ἑπόμενον agrees with με understood as masculine singular accusative; πεφυκυῖα modifies the first λύγος. Coordination and attachment of the final ἡ ... ἡ ... phrase is clear, though μετὰ αὐτήν is an adverbial ordinal-like continuation.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	εἰ	εἰ	SCONJ	CONJ	_	8 δεῖ	mark	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	8 δεῖ	cc	high
3	Ἑλλήνων	Ἕλλην	PROPN	N-GP	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 λόγοις	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on λόγοις.
4	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DP	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 λόγοις	det	high
5	λόγοις	λόγος	NOUN	N-DP	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 ἑπόμενον	obl	high	Dative with ἕπομαι.
6	ἑπόμενον	ἕπομαι	VERB	V-PAP-SAM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	7 καταριθμήσασθαι	acl	medium	Accusative participle agreeing with με, modifying the understood enumerating subject.
7	καταριθμήσασθαι	καταριθμέω	VERB	V-AAN	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	8 δεῖ	xcomp	high	Infinitive governed by δεῖ.
8	δεῖ	δεῖ	VERB	V-PIA-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Impersonal predicate.
9	με	ἐγώ	PRON	P-1ASM	Case=Acc\|Number=Sing\|Person=1	7 καταριθμήσασθαι	obj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive.
10	ὁπόσα	ὁπόσος	DET	PQ-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	11 δένδρα	det	high	Quantifying determiner.
11	δένδρα	δένδρον	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	7 καταριθμήσασθαι	obj	high	Object/content of καταριθμήσασθαι.
12	σῶα	σῶος	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	11 δένδρα	amod	high
13	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	ADV	_	16 λείπεται	advmod	high
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	15 τεθηλότα	cc	high
15	τεθηλότα	τέθηλα	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	11 δένδρα	conj	medium	Perfect active participial adjective, functioning adjectivally with δένδρα.
16	λείπεται	λείπω	VERB	V-PMI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	7 καταριθμήσασθαι	ccomp	medium	Predicate of the relative/quantitative clause; singular because the neuter plural subject is treated collectively.
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	16 λείπεται	punct	high
18	πρεσβύτατον	πρέσβυς	ADJ	A-NSN-SUP	Case=Nom\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	22 ἐστὶν	xcomp	high	Predicative superlative, agreeing with the following neuter referent ἡ λύγος.
19	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	18 πρεσβύτατον	discourse	high
20	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 λύγος	det	high
21	λύγος	λύγος	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 ἐστὶν	nsubj	high
22	ἐστὶν	εἰμί	AUX	V-PIA-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	16 λείπεται	parataxis	high	Introduces the first item in the enumeration.
23	αὐτῶν	αὐτός	PRON	P-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	21 λύγος	nmod	high	Partitive/genitival relation: one of them.
24	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	28 πεφυκυῖα	det	high
25	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	29 ἱερῷ	case	high
26	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	29 ἱερῷ	det	high
27	Σαμίων	Σάμιος	PROPN	N-GP	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	29 ἱερῷ	nmod	high	Genitive place-name dependent on ἱερῷ.
28	πεφυκυῖα	φύω	VERB	V-RAP-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	21 λύγος	acl	high	Agrees with λύγος; ἡ is its article.
29	ἱερῷ	ἱερόν	NOUN	N-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	28 πεφυκυῖα	obl	high	Dative object of ἐν.
30	Ἥρας	Ἥρα	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 ἱερῷ	nmod	high	Genitive specifying the sanctuary.
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	22 ἐστὶν	punct	high
32	μετὰ	μετά	ADP	PREP	_	34 αὐτὴν	case	high	With accusative αὐτήν, meaning after/beside it.
33	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	38 δρῦς	cc	high
34	αὐτὴν	αὐτός	PRON	P-3ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	38 δρῦς	obl	high	Object of μετά.
35	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	38 δρῦς	det	high
36	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	37 Δωδώνῃ	case	high
37	Δωδώνῃ	Δωδώνη	PROPN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	38 δρῦς	obl	high
38	δρῦς	δρῦς	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 ἐστὶν	conj	high	Second enumerated tree, coordinated with λύγος.
39	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	40 ἐλαία	cc	high
40	ἐλαία	ἐλαία	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	38 δρῦς	conj	high	Further coordinated tree.
41	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	40 ἐλαία	cc	high
42	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	44 ἀκροπόλει	det	high	Article with elided/repeated noun ἐλαία.
43	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	44 ἀκροπόλει	case	high
44	ἀκροπόλει	ἀκρόπολις	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	40 ἐλαία	nmod	high	Locative specification of the elided/repeated ἐλαία.
45	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	46 ἡ	cc	high
46	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	48 Δηλίοις	det	high	Article with elided/repeated noun ἐλαία.
47	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	PREP	_	48 Δηλίοις	case	high
48	Δηλίοις	Δήλιος	PROPN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	40 ἐλαία	nmod	high	Place/community designation with παρά.
49	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	22 ἐστὶν	punct	high

Sentence 2

8.23.5 sentence 2

Tokens: 14
Input: 697
Output: 1,102
Total: 1,799

τρίτα δὲ ἕνεκα ἀρχαιότητος νέμοιεν ἂν τῇ δάφνῃ τῇ παρὰ σφίσιν οἱ Σύροι·

The optative νέμοιεν with ἄν is potential; τρίτα is an adverbial ordinal (‘thirdly’), and τῇ ... δάφνῃ is the dative object/recipient of νέμω. The relative-like phrase τῇ παρὰ σφίσιν modifies δάφνῃ; παρὰ with the dative means ‘among/with them’.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τρίτα	τρίτος	ADV	Adverbial ordinal	Degree=Pos	5 νέμοιεν	advmod	medium	Adverbial use of the neuter plural ordinal, ‘thirdly’.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	Conj	_	5 νέμοιεν	cc	high
3	ἕνεκα	ἕνεκα	ADP	Prep	_	4 ἀρχαιότητος	case	high	Postpositive preposition governing the genitive.
4	ἀρχαιότητος	ἀρχαιότης	NOUN	Noun-Gen.Sg.Fem	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 νέμοιεν	obl	high	Genitive of cause with ἕνεκα.
5	νέμοιεν	νέμω	VERB	V-Opt-Aor-Act-3Pl	Mood=Opt\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Potential optative with ἄν; form may be analyzed as aorist active optative.
6	ἂν	ἄν	PART	Part	_	5 νέμοιεν	advmod	high	Modal particle marking potentiality.
7	τῇ	ὁ	DET	Art-Dat.Sg.Fem	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 δάφνῃ	det	high
8	δάφνῃ	δάφνη	NOUN	Noun-Dat.Sg.Fem	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 νέμοιεν	obj	high	Dative governed semantically by νέμω, ‘assign/attribute to the laurel’.
9	τῇ	ὁ	DET	Art-Dat.Sg.Fem	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 δάφνῃ	det	high	Article introducing the postposed modifier phrase.
10	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	Prep	_	11 σφίσιν	case	high	With dative, ‘among/with’.
11	σφίσιν	σφεῖς	PRON	Pron-Dat.Pl	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3	8 δάφνῃ	nmod	high	Reflexive/third-person plural pronoun referring to the relevant people, likely the Syrians.
12	οἱ	ὁ	DET	Art-Nom.Pl.Masc	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 Σύροι	det	high
13	Σύροι	Σύρος	PROPN	Propn-Nom.Pl.Masc	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 νέμοιεν	nsubj	high	The Syrians are the understood subject of νέμοιεν.
14	·	·	PUNCT	Punct	_	5 νέμοιεν	punct	high

Sentence 3

8.23.5 sentence 3

Tokens: 9
Input: 643
Output: 838
Total: 1,481

τῶν δὲ ἄλλων ἡ πλάτανός ἐστιν αὕτη παλαιότατον.

The copular clause means ‘of the others, this plane tree is the oldest’; τῶν ἄλλων is a genitive partitive phrase, and παλαιότατον is a predicative superlative agreeing with the neuter subject πλάτανον understood/lexically neuter despite the feminine article and form πλάτανος being dialectally variable; αὕτη is the demonstrative subject, with πλάτανός as its apposition or subject complement. The agreement is morphologically irregular/uncertain in the transmitted wording.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T- GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc,Fem,Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	3 ἄλλων	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	G- -C	Polarity=Pos	5 πλάτανός	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἄλλων	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc,Fem,Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Ind	5 πλάτανός	nmod	high	Genitive partitive: ‘of the others’.
4	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T- NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 πλάτανός	det	medium	Agreement is anomalous if πλάτανος is intended as masculine; possibly reflects lexical/dialectal variation.
5	πλάτανός	πλάτανος	NOUN	N- NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	0 ROOT	root	medium	Copular subject or subject complement; accent reflects sentence context.
6	ἐστιν	εἰμί	AUX	V3S IMAI	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	5 πλάτανός	cop	high
7	αὕτη	οὗτος	PRON	PDNSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	5 πλάτανός	nsubj	high	Demonstrative subject; its feminine agreement supports feminine πλάτανος, while παλαιότατον remains discordant.
8	παλαιότατον	παλαιός	ADJ	A-SNS	Case=Nom\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 πλάτανός	xcomp	medium	Predicative superlative; neuter form is syntactically discordant with the feminine forms and may reflect an understood neuter πλάτανον or textual/dialectal variation.
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	5 πλάτανός	punct	high

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