Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 8.23.7

← 8.23.6 8.23.8 →

Passage 8.23.7

Open translation for this passage

4sentences parsed

91Greek tokens

3,079input tokens

6,574output tokens

Sentence 1

8.23.7 sentence 1

Tokens: 12
Input: 674
Output: 1,017
Total: 1,691

φωράσαντες δὲ οἱ Καφυεῖς τὰ ποιηθέντα ὑπὸ τῶν παιδίων καταλεύουσιν αὐτά·

Main clause with a nominative absolute-style participial preface (φωράσαντες δὲ οἱ Καφυεῖς) and an object participial clause (τὰ ποιηθέντα ὑπὸ τῶν παιδίων) modifying the direct object.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	φωράσαντες	φωράω	VERB	V-AAP-NSM	Aspect=Perf\|Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	10 καταλεύουσιν	advcl	high	Aorist active participle, nominative masculine plural, adverbial participle modifying the main verb.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	_	_	10 καταλεύουσιν	cc	high	Postpositive connective particle.
3	οἱ	ὁ	DET	L-ANSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	4 Καφυεῖς	det	high	Article with substantivized ethnic/adjectival noun.
4	Καφυεῖς	Καφυεύς	PROPN	N-P---NM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 καταλεύουσιν	nsubj	high	Substantivized ethnic name functioning as subject.
5	τὰ	ὁ	DET	L-APN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	6 ποιηθέντα	det	high	Article with participle.
6	ποιηθέντα	ποιέω	VERB	V-APP-ANP	Aspect=Perf\|Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	11 αὐτά	acl	high	Aorist passive participle modifying αὐτά.
7	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	R	_	9 παιδίων	case	high	Introduces agent phrase.
8	τῶν	ὁ	DET	L-P-GFP	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	9 παιδίων	det	medium	Article agreeing with παιδίων; gender uncertain in form, but genitive plural article.
9	παιδίων	παίδιον	NOUN	N-P---NG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	6 ποιηθέντα	obl	high	Genitive agent with ὑπό.
10	καταλεύουσιν	καταλεύω	VERB	V-PAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main finite verb.
11	αὐτά	αὐτός	PRON	A-P---AN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	10 καταλεύουσιν	obj	high	Direct object of καταλεύουσιν.
12	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	10 καταλεύουσιν	punct	high	Sentence punctuation.

Sentence 2

8.23.7 sentence 2

Tokens: 34
Input: 893
Output: 2,328
Total: 3,221

καί σφισι ταῦτα ἐργασαμένοις ἐσέπεσεν ἐς τὰς γυναῖκας νόσος, τὰ ἐν τῇ γαστρὶ πρὸ τοκετοῦ τεθνεῶτα ἐκβάλλεσθαι, ἐς ὃ ἡ Πυθία θάψαι τε τὰ παιδία ἀνεῖπε καὶ ἐναγίζειν αὐτοῖς κατὰ ἔτος·

The syntax is difficult after ἐκβάλλεσθαι: I treat the accusative-with-infinitive clause as the content of νόσος, and the following ἐς ὃ clause as a purpose/result relative clause introducing the Delphic injunction.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καί	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	5 ἐσέπεσεν	cc	high
2	σφισι	σφεῖς	PRON	PRON	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	5 ἐσέπεσεν	iobj	medium	Dative of advantage/interest with the main verb.
3	ταῦτα	οὗτος	PRON	PD	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	4 ἐργασαμένοις	obj	high
4	ἐργασαμένοις	ἐργάζομαι	VERB	AAP	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	5 ἐσέπεσεν	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle agreeing with σφισι.
5	ἐσέπεσεν	ἐμπίπτω	VERB	VAAI3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
6	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	9 νόσος	case	high
7	τὰς	ὁ	DET	ATR	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	8 γυναῖκας	det	high
8	γυναῖκας	γυνή	NOUN	N-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	9 νόσος	obl	high
9	νόσος	νόσος	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 ἐσέπεσεν	nsubj	high
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἐσέπεσεν	punct	high
11	τὰ	ὁ	DET	ATR	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	18 ἐκβάλλεσθαι	obj	medium	Article likely substantivizing the infinitive clause.
12	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	14 γαστρὶ	case	high
13	τῇ	ὁ	DET	ATR	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	14 γαστρὶ	det	high
14	γαστρὶ	γαστήρ	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 τεθνεῶτα	obl	high
15	πρὸ	πρό	ADP	PREP	_	16 τοκετοῦ	case	high
16	τοκετοῦ	τόκος	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 τεθνεῶτα	obl	high
17	τεθνεῶτα	θνῄσκω	VERB	V-RAP-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	18 ἐκβάλλεσθαι	advcl	medium	Form is morphologically irregular; likely part of a substantival or clausal accusative phrase.
18	ἐκβάλλεσθαι	ἐκβάλλω	VERB	V-PPN	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	11 τὰ	acl	high	Infinitive complement in indirect statement/content clause.
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	18 ἐκβάλλεσθαι	punct	high
20	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	28 ἀνεῖπε	mark	medium	Introduces purpose/result clause; attached to the following relative-clause backbone.
21	ὃ	ὅς	PRON	P-NSN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	28 ἀνεῖπε	obl	medium	Relative pronoun; case governed by ἐς.
22	ἡ	ὁ	DET	ATR	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	23 Πυθία	det	high
23	Πυθία	Πυθία	PROPN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	28 ἀνεῖπε	nsubj	high
24	θάψαι	θάπτω	VERB	V-AAN	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	28 ἀνεῖπε	xcomp	high
25	τε	τε	PART	PART	_	24 θάψαι	discourse	high
26	τὰ	ὁ	DET	ATR	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	27 παιδία	det	high
27	παιδία	παιδίον	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	24 θάψαι	obj	high
28	ἀνεῖπε	ἀναγγέλλω	VERB	VAAI3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	21 ὃ	acl:relcl	medium	Likely the finite verb of the relative clause headed by ὅ.
29	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	28 ἀνεῖπε	cc	high
30	ἐναγίζειν	ἐναγίζω	VERB	V-PAN	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	28 ἀνεῖπε	conj	high
31	αὐτοῖς	αὐτός	PRON	P-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	30 ἐναγίζειν	obl	high
32	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	PREP	_	33 ἔτος	case	high
33	ἔτος	ἔτος	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	30 ἐναγίζειν	obl	high
34	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	28 ἀνεῖπε	punct	high

Sentence 3

8.23.7 sentence 3

Tokens: 7
Input: 621
Output: 550
Total: 1,171

ἀποθανεῖν γὰρ αὐτὰ οὐ σὺν δίκῃ.

Elliptical/infinite-clausal syntax: the infinitive ἀποθανεῖν is treated as the root, with αὐτὰ as its understood subject and σὺν δίκῃ as an adverbial prepositional phrase.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἀποθανεῖν	ἀποθνῄσκω	VERB	V-AAN	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Complementary infinitive functioning as sentence core.
2	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	_	_	1 ἀποθανεῖν	discourse	high	Postpositive explanatory particle.
3	αὐτὰ	αὐτός	PRON	P-P---NA-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs\|Reflex=No	1 ἀποθανεῖν	nsubj	medium	Likely subject of the infinitive; neuter plural form fits nominative/accusative ambiguity.
4	οὐ	οὐ	PART	_	_	1 ἀποθανεῖν	advmod	high	Negation particle modifying the infinitive.
5	σὺν	σύν	ADP	R--	_	1 ἀποθανεῖν	case	high	Preposition governing δίκῃ.
6	δίκῃ	δίκη	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 σὺν	obl	high	Dative complement of σὺν.
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἀποθανεῖν	punct	high	Sentence punctuation.

Sentence 4

8.23.7 sentence 4

Tokens: 38
Input: 891
Output: 2,679
Total: 3,570

Καφυεῖς δὲ ποιοῦσι τά τε ἄλλα ἔτι καὶ νῦν κατʼ ἐκεῖνο τὸ μάντευμα καὶ τὴν ἐν ταῖς Κονδυλέαις θεὸν--- προσεῖναι γὰρ καὶ τόδε ἔτι τῷ χρησμῷ φασι---καλοῦσιν Ἀπαγχομένην ἐξ ἐκείνου.

The syntax is interrupted by a parenthetical report (προσεῖναι ... φασι), and the accusative θεόν is likely to be read with the preceding coordinated phrase despite the feminine article.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Καφυεῖς	Καφυεύς	PROPN	N----MPN-	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural	3 ποιοῦσι	nsubj	high	Subject of ποιοῦσι.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	G-------	_	3 ποιοῦσι	discourse	high	Postpositive connective particle.
3	ποιοῦσι	ποιέω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Plural\|Person=3\|Tense=Present\|Voice=Active	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb of the sentence.
4	τά	ὁ	DET	L-APN-	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Plural\|PronType=Art	6 ἄλλα	det	high	Article with ἄλλα.
5	τε	τε	PART	G-------	_	4 τά	cc	high	Coordinating/enclitic particle in correlative τε...καί.
6	ἄλλα	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-APN-	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Plural	3 ποιοῦσι	obj	high	Object of ποιοῦσι.
7	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	D-------	_	3 ποιοῦσι	advmod	high	Adverb modifying ποιοῦσι.
8	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C-------	_	7 ἔτι	cc	high	Coordinates with ἔτι νῦν and the following prepositional phrase.
9	νῦν	νῦν	ADV	D-------	_	7 ἔτι	advmod	high	Adverb in coordination with ἔτι.
10	κατʼ	κατά	ADP	R--------	_	13 μάντευμα	case	high	Preposition governing ἐκεῖνο τὸ μάντευμα.
11	ἐκεῖνο	ἐκεῖνος	DET	PD-NSN-	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular\|PronType=Dem	13 μάντευμα	det	high	Demonstrative modifying μάντευμα.
12	τὸ	ὁ	DET	L-ANS-	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular\|PronType=Art	13 μάντευμα	det	high	Article with μάντευμα.
13	μάντευμα	μάντευμα	NOUN	N-ASN-	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular	3 ποιοῦσι	obl	high	Prepositional oblique dependent of ποιοῦσι.
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C-------	_	19 θεὸν	cc	medium	Coordinates second object phrase with the προηγούμενη phrase.
15	τὴν	ὁ	DET	L-ASF-	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular\|PronType=Art	19 θεὸν	det	high	Article with θεόν.
16	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	19 θεὸν	case	high	Preposition with ταῖς Κονδυλέαις.
17	ταῖς	ὁ	DET	L-DPF-	Case=Dative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Plural\|PronType=Art	18 Κονδυλέαις	det	high	Article with Κονδυλέαις.
18	Κονδυλέαις	Κονδυλέαι	PROPN	N-DPF-	Case=Dative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Plural	19 θεὸν	nmod	high	Dependent of θεόν in the prepositional phrase.
19	θεὸν	θεός	NOUN	N-ASF-	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	3 ποιοῦσι	obj	medium	Likely object coordinated with μάντευμα; gender is expected feminine in the phrase 'τὴν ... θεόν'.
20	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	23 προσεῖναι	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
21	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	23 προσεῖναι	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
22	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	23 προσεῖναι	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
23	προσεῖναι	πάρειμι	VERB	V-PAI-	Tense=Present\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Active	30 φασι	ccomp	high	Infinitival clause quoted by φασι.
24	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	G-------	_	23 προσεῖναι	discourse	high	Explanatory particle introducing the parenthetical clause.
25	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C-------	_	26 τόδε	cc	high	Coordinates with τόδε.
26	τόδε	ὅδε	DET	PD-ASN-	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular\|PronType=Dem	23 προσεῖναι	nsubj	medium	Subject of προσεῖναι in infinitival clause.
27	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	D-------	_	23 προσεῖναι	advmod	high	Adverb modifying the infinitive.
28	τῷ	ὁ	DET	L-DSN-	Case=Dative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular\|PronType=Art	29 χρησμῷ	det	high	Article with χρησμῷ.
29	χρησμῷ	χρησμός	NOUN	N-DSM-	Case=Dative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	23 προσεῖναι	obl	high	Dative complement with προσεῖναι.
30	φασι	φημί	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Plural\|Person=3\|Tense=Present\|Voice=Active	3 ποιοῦσι	parataxis	high	Reporting verb parenthetical to the main clause.
31	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	30 φασι	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
32	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	30 φασι	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
33	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	30 φασι	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
34	καλοῦσιν	καλέω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Plural\|Person=3\|Tense=Present\|Voice=Active	3 ποιοῦσι	conj	high	Conjoined main verb.
35	Ἀπαγχομένην	Ἀπαγχομένη	PROPN	N-ASF-	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	34 καλοῦσιν	obj	high	Name/cult title as object of καλοῦσιν.
36	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	R--------	_	37 ἐκείνου	case	high	Preposition governing ἐκείνου.
37	ἐκείνου	ἐκεῖνος	DET	PD-GSM-	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular\|PronType=Dem	34 καλοῦσιν	obl	high	Adverbial/genitive phrase with ἐξ.
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	3 ποιοῦσι	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

← 8.23.6 8.23.8 →