Grammar parses for passage 8.23.9
Open translation for this passage
ἄγει μὲν δὴ ὁ Σόρων τὴν ἐπὶ Ψωφῖδος·
The verb ἄγει is transitive with implied/elliptical object; τὴν ἐπὶ Ψωφῖδος is a substantivized article-plus-prepositional phrase, likely referring to a road or route, with ἐπί + genitive indicating direction toward Psophis. The exact omitted noun is uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἄγει | ἄγω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite present active indicative. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 1 ἄγει | discourse | high | Correlative particle, with δὴ. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 1 ἄγει | discourse | high | Emphatic/discourse particle. |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Σόρων | det | high | Definite article modifying the proper name. |
| 5 | Σόρων | Σόρων | PROPN | N---NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἄγει | nsubj | high | Proper-name subject. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ἐπὶ | det | medium | Article substantivizing the following prepositional phrase; omitted head noun is understood. |
| 7 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 1 ἄγει | obj | medium | Preposition governing the following genitive; phrase functions as the elliptical object of ἄγει. |
| 8 | Ψωφῖδος | Ψωφίς | PROPN | N---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπὶ | pobj | high | Genitive of destination/association after ἐπί; place name Psophis. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἄγει | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
θηρία δὲ οὗτός τε καὶ ὅσοι δρυμοὶ τοῖς Ἀρκάσιν εἰσὶν ἄλλοι παρέχονται τοσάδε, ἀγρίους ὗς καὶ ἄρκτους καὶ χελώνας μεγίστας μεγέθει·
The coordinated subject is οὗτος τε καὶ ὅσοι δρυμοί ... ἄλλοι, with εἰσίν forming a relative/existential clause; παρέχονται governs θηρία and the following accusative enumeration.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | θηρία | θηρίον | NOUN | n-p---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 παρέχονται | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 12 παρέχονται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὗτός | οὗτος | PRON | pd----nm- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 10 εἰσὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 5 καὶ | cc | high | Correlative τε ... καί. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 10 εἰσὶν | cc | high | Coordinates the first subject with the following relative-clause subject. |
| 6 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | DET | pr---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 7 δρυμοὶ | det | high | Relative determiner introducing the quantified subject. |
| 7 | δρυμοὶ | δρυμός | NOUN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 εἰσὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | l-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 Ἀρκάσιν | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἀρκάσιν | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | n-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 εἰσὶν | obl | high | Dative of possession/existence: groves belonging to the Arcadians. |
| 10 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | VERB | v3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 παρέχονται | advcl | medium | Relative clause modifying δρυμοί; existential clause. |
| 11 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | a-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 δρυμοὶ | amod | high | |
| 12 | παρέχονται | παρέχω | VERB | v3ppie--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 13 | τοσάδε | τοσόσδε | DET | pd----na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 1 θηρία | det | medium | Quantifying demonstrative agreeing with θηρία. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 παρέχονται | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἀγρίους | ἄγριος | ADJ | a-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ὗς | amod | high | |
| 16 | ὗς | ὗς | NOUN | n-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 παρέχονται | obj | high | First item in the coordinated object list. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 18 ἄρκτους | cc | high | |
| 18 | ἄρκτους | ἄρκτος | NOUN | n-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 ὗς | conj | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 20 χελώνας | cc | high | |
| 20 | χελώνας | χελώνη | NOUN | n-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 ὗς | conj | high | |
| 21 | μεγίστας | μέγας | ADJ | a-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 χελώνας | amod | high | Superlative modifying χελώνας. |
| 22 | μεγέθει | μέγεθος | NOUN | n-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 μεγίστας | obl | medium | Dative of respect: greatest in size; syntactically dependent on μεγίστας/χελώνας. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 παρέχονται | punct | high |
λύρας ἂν ποιήσαιο ἐξ αὐτῶν χελώνης Ἰνδικῆς λύρᾳ παρισουμένας.
The optative ποιήσαιο with ἄν is potential ('you could make'); λύρας is its object, while the participle παρισουμένας modifies it. The material/source genitives are syntactically somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λύρας | λύρα | NOUN | N-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 ποιήσαιο | obj | high | |
| 2 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | PART | _ | 3 ποιήσαιο | aux | high | Modal particle with potential optative. |
| 3 | ποιήσαιο | ποιέω | VERB | V-2AAI-2S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 χελώνης | case | high | |
| 5 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 4 ἐξ | obl | medium | Likely genitive object of ἐξ; antecedent supplied by context. |
| 6 | χελώνης | χελώνη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ποιήσαιο | obl | medium | Genitive of material/source with ποιέω. |
| 7 | Ἰνδικῆς | Ἰνδικός | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 χελώνης | amod | high | |
| 8 | λύρᾳ | λύρα | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 παρισουμένας | obl | medium | Dative of comparison or manner with παρισουμένας; exact construction is uncertain. |
| 9 | παρισουμένας | παρισόω | VERB | V-PMP-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 1 λύρας | acl | medium | Agreeing with λύρας; participle means 'made equal/comparable' to a lyre. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ποιήσαιο | punct | high |
τοῦ Σόρωνος δὲ πρὸς τοῖς πέρασιν ἔστι μὲν Πάου κώμης ἐρείπια, εἰσὶ δὲ οὐ πολὺ ἀπωτέρω αἱ καλούμεναι Σεῖραι·
Two coordinated existential clauses: ruins of the village of Paos are by the limits of Soron, and the so-called Seirai are not much farther away.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 Σόρωνος | det | high | |
| 2 | Σόρωνος | Σόρων | PROPN | Ne----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἔστι | nmod | medium | Genitive place-name modifying the geographic landmark. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἔστι | cc | high | |
| 4 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 πέρασιν | case | high | |
| 5 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T---DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 πέρασιν | det | high | |
| 6 | πέρασιν | πέρας | NOUN | N----DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἔστι | obl | high | Prepositional landmark phrase. |
| 7 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Singular existential form with neuter plural subject, as common in Greek. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 ἔστι | advmod | high | |
| 9 | Πάου | Πάος | PROPN | Ne----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 κώμης | nmod | medium | Genitive proper name modifying κώμης. |
| 10 | κώμης | κώμη | NOUN | N----GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐρείπια | nmod | high | Genitive of the village associated with the ruins. |
| 11 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | N----NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἔστι | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔστι | punct | high | |
| 13 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V3PPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἔστι | conj | high | Second coordinated existential clause. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 εἰσὶ | cc | high | |
| 15 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 17 ἀπωτέρω | advmod | high | |
| 16 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 17 ἀπωτέρω | advmod | high | Adverbial neuter form modifying the comparative adverb. |
| 17 | ἀπωτέρω | ἀπωτέρω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 εἰσὶ | advmod | high | Comparative adverb, 'farther away'. |
| 18 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T---NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 Σεῖραι | det | high | |
| 19 | καλούμεναι | καλέω | VERB | V3PPMP--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 20 Σεῖραι | acl | medium | Attributive present passive participle; person/number are formally inherited from the participial ending, with nominal agreement to Σεῖραι. |
| 20 | Σεῖραι | Σεῖραι | PROPN | Ne----NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 εἰσὶ | nsubj | high | Proper place-name, subject of εἰσὶ. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔστι | punct | high |
ὅροι δὲ Κλειτορίοις τῆς χώρας πρὸς Ψωφιδίους εἰσὶν αἱ Σεῖραι.
εἰσὶν is copular; ὅροι and Σεῖραι are nominative plural, with the latter naming the former. Κλειτορίοις is a dative of association, while τῆς χώρας is a genitive dependent on ὅροι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅροι | ὅρος | NOUN | N--MP--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 εἰσὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 εἰσὶν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Κλειτορίοις | Κλειτόριος | PROPN | A--DP--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ὅροι | nmod | medium | Dative of association/possessor: the boundaries belonging to Cleitorians. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T--GSF--- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 χώρας | det | high | |
| 5 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N--GSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ὅροι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὅροι, specifying the territory. |
| 6 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P----A--- | AdpType=Prep | 7 Ψωφιδίους | case | high | |
| 7 | Ψωφιδίους | Ψωφίδιος | PROPN | A--AP--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ὅροι | nmod | high | Place-name adjective used substantivally, governed by πρός. |
| 8 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T--NPF--- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 Σεῖραι | det | high | |
| 10 | Σεῖραι | Σεῖραι | PROPN | N--NPF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 εἰσὶν | nsubj | high | Toponym; predicate clause identifies the boundaries as the Seirai. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 εἰσὶν | punct | high |