Grammar parses for passage 8.25.12
Open translation for this passage
ἐμβάλλει δὲ ἐς τὸν Λάδωνα καὶ ἡ Τουθόα κατὰ τὸν Θελπουσίων ὅρον πρὸς Ἡραιεῖς, καλούμενον δὲ ὑπὸ Ἀρκάδων Πεδίον.
The participial phrase καλούμενον ... Πεδίον is a supplementary/passive naming clause referring to the river/place-name Τουθόα (or its course); ὅρον is the accusative object of κατὰ, with Θελπουσίων as a genitive modifier. The coordination makes ἡ Τουθόα the subject of ἐμβάλλει.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐμβάλλει | ἐμβάλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐμβάλλει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Λάδωνα | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Λάδωνα | det | high | |
| 5 | Λάδωνα | Λάδων | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐμβάλλει | obl | high | Destination/goal with ἐς. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 Τουθόα | cc | high | Coordinates the subject phrase with the preceding destination-related structure. |
| 7 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Τουθόα | det | high | |
| 8 | Τουθόα | Τουθόα | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐμβάλλει | nsubj | high | River name; subject of ἐμβάλλει. |
| 9 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 ὅρον | case | high | Here with accusative: along/by or at the boundary. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ὅρον | det | high | |
| 11 | Θελπουσίων | Θελπουσίος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ὅρον | nmod | high | Genitive plural ethnic name modifying ὅρον. |
| 12 | ὅρον | ὅρος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Τουθόα | obl | high | Object of κατά; denotes the boundary/territory. |
| 13 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 Ἡραιεῖς | case | high | |
| 14 | Ἡραιεῖς | Ἡραιεύς | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ὅρον | nmod | medium | Ethnic plural in accusative after πρός; attached as a directional/locative modifier of the boundary phrase. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 καλούμενον | punct | high | |
| 16 | καλούμενον | καλέω | VERB | V-PPP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 12 ὅρον | acl | medium | Supplementary passive participle; agreement is masculine accusative, likely with ὅρον or an elliptical masculine referent, while Πεδίον supplies the name. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 καλούμενον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective within the naming clause. |
| 18 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 19 Ἀρκάδων | case | high | Agent marker with passive καλούμενον. |
| 19 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 καλούμενον | obl:agent | high | Genitive plural agent of καλούμενον. |
| 20 | Πεδίον | πεδίον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 καλούμενον | xcomp | medium | Predicate/name complement with καλούμενον; neuter accusative name despite masculine participle agreement. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐμβάλλει | punct | high |
καθότι δὲ αὐτὸς ὁ Λάδων ἐκδίδωσιν ἐς τὸν Ἀλφειόν, Κοράκων ὠνόμασται νᾶσος.
καθότι introduces a causal subordinate clause; αὐτὸς is emphatic subject of ἐκδίδωσιν, while Κοράκων is a genitive name modifying νᾶσος. The middle ὠνόμασται is analyzed as ‘is named/called’; its exact voice nuance is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καθότι | καθότι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ὠνόμασται | mark | high | Causal subordinator. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ὠνόμασται | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs|Reflex=No | 6 ἐκδίδωσιν | nsubj | high | Emphatic nominative subject. |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | P-S---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Λάδων | det | high | Article with Λάδων. |
| 5 | Λάδων | Λάδων | PROPN | N-S---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 6 ἐκδίδωσιν | nsubj | high | Proper-name subject coordinated appositionally with αὐτός. |
| 6 | ἐκδίδωσιν | ἐκδίδωμι | VERB | V- P I A--3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 ὠνόμασται | advcl | high | Finite verb of the καθότι clause; subject is Λάδων/αὐτός. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 9 Ἀλφειόν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | P-S---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Ἀλφειόν | det | high | Article with Ἀλφειόν. |
| 9 | Ἀλφειόν | Ἀλφειός | PROPN | N-S---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 6 ἐκδίδωσιν | obl | high | Accusative destination/complement of ἐκδίδωσιν. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ὠνόμασται | punct | high | |
| 11 | Κοράκων | Κοράκων | PROPN | N-P---G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Number=Plur | 13 νᾶσος | nmod | medium | Genitive proper name modifying νᾶσος; likely ‘Island of the Ravens/Crows’. |
| 12 | ὠνόμασται | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-RMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect middle/passive form, predicating the naming; passive interpretation ‘is named’ is syntactically natural. |
| 13 | νᾶσος | νῆσος | NOUN | N-S---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ὠνόμασται | nsubj | high | Subject of ὠνόμασται. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ὠνόμασται | punct | high |
οἱ δὲ ἥγηνται τὴν Ἐνίσπην καὶ Στρατίην τε καὶ Ῥίπην τὰς ὑπὸ Ὁμήρου κατειλεγμένας γενέσθαι νήσους ποτὲ ἐν τῷ Λάδωνι ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων οἰκουμένας, ἃ οἱ πεπιστευκότες μάταια ἴστωσαν·
The sentence has a main verb ἥγηνται governing an accusative-and-infinitive construction: the named women are understood to have become islands once inhabited in the Ladon; ἃ introduces a relative clause, with πεπιστευκότες as its subject and ἴστωσαν as a jussive verb. The form ἥγηνται is lexically and morphologically uncertain in context, plausibly a perfect middle/passive form of ἡγέομαι or a textual variant.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 ἥγηνται | nsubj | high | Article functioning substantivally as the subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἥγηνται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἥγηνται | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-RIM-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | low | Form is unusual; analysis as perfect middle/passive indicative of ἡγέομαι is tentative. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Ἐνίσπην | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἐνίσπην | Ἐνίσπη | PROPN | Ne-----A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 νήσους | conj | high | First item in coordinated accusative list. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 Στρατίην | cc | high | |
| 7 | Στρατίην | Στρατίη | PROPN | Ne-----A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Ἐνίσπην | conj | high | |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 Ῥίπην | cc | high | Correlative enclitic coordination. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 Ῥίπην | cc | high | |
| 10 | Ῥίπην | Ῥίπη | PROPN | Ne-----A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Ἐνίσπην | conj | high | |
| 11 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T----APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 νήσους | det | high | Article agreeing with νήσους. |
| 12 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 κατειλεγμένας | case | high | Agent marker with the passive participle. |
| 13 | Ὁμήρου | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | Ne-----G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ὑπὸ | obl | high | |
| 14 | κατειλεγμένας | καταλέγω | VERB | V-RPP-AFA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 16 νήσους | acl | high | Perfect passive participle modifying νήσους. |
| 15 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-ANM--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 3 ἥγηνται | xcomp | high | Infinitive in accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 16 | νήσους | νῆσος | NOUN | N----AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 γενέσθαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of γενέσθαι; also appositional to the named islands. |
| 17 | ποτὲ | ποτέ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 15 γενέσθαι | advmod | high | |
| 18 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 Λάδωνι | case | high | |
| 19 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 Λάδωνι | det | high | |
| 20 | Λάδωνι | Λάδων | PROPN | Ne-----D- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 γενέσθαι | obl | high | Dative of location with ἐν. |
| 21 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 ἀνθρώπων | case | high | Agent marker with the passive participle οἰκουμένας. |
| 22 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ὑπὸ | obl | high | |
| 23 | οἰκουμένας | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PPM-AFA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 16 νήσους | acl | high | Present passive participle modifying νήσους. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἥγηνται | punct | high | |
| 25 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | P---NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 29 ἴστωσαν | obj | medium | Relative pronoun probably has a generalized/neuter plural reference to the preceding proposition or objects. |
| 26 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 27 πεπιστευκότες | det | high | Substantival article with πεπιστευκότες. |
| 27 | πεπιστευκότες | πιστεύω | VERB | V-RPA-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 29 ἴστωσαν | nsubj | high | Substantivized perfect participle, ‘those who have believed’. |
| 28 | μάταια | μάταιος | ADJ | A----APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 29 ἴστωσαν | obj | medium | Accusative neuter plural used substantivally, probably ‘vain things’ or ‘in vain’; syntactic attachment is uncertain. |
| 29 | ἴστωσαν | οἶδα | VERB | V-XXM-3P- | Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | parataxis | medium | Jussive third-person imperative; ἃ is analyzed as its object, though the relative linkage is difficult. |
| 30 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 ἴστωσαν | punct | high |