Grammar parses for passage 8.26.1
Open translation for this passage
Ἡραιεῦσι δὲ οἰκιστὴς μὲν γέγονεν Ἡραιεὺς ὁ Λυκάονος,
The clause means that Heraeus, son of Lycaon, became founder for the Heraeans; the appositional relation among Ἡραιεὺς, ὁ, and Λυκάονος is somewhat structurally ambiguous in a short excerpt.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἡραιεῦσι | Ἡραιεύς | PROPN | Neut.Dat.Plur | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 γέγονεν | iobj | high | Dative of the people/place receiving or associated with the founder. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 γέγονεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἰκιστὴς | οἰκιστής | NOUN | Noun.Nom.Sg.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 γέγονεν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with γέγονεν. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 3 οἰκιστὴς | discourse | high | Correlative particle, with an implied or subsequent contrast. |
| 5 | γέγονεν | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-Perf-Act-Ind-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect indicative, ‘has become/been’; takes οἰκιστής as predicate complement. |
| 6 | Ἡραιεὺς | Ἡραιεύς | PROPN | Noun.Nom.Sg.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Λυκάονος | appos | high | Personal name in apposition to Λυκάονος' understood referent? More likely the founder's name, coordinated with the following genitive patronymic. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art.Nom.Sg.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἡραιεὺς | det | high | Article with the personal name. |
| 8 | Λυκάονος | Λυκάων | PROPN | Noun.Gen.Sg.Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἡραιεὺς | nmod | medium | Patronymic genitive, ‘son/descendant of Lycaon’; dependent on Ἡραιεύς. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 γέγονεν | punct | high | Comma. |
κεῖται δὲ ἡ πόλις ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ Ἀλφειοῦ, τὰ μὲν πολλὰ ἐν ἠρέμα προσάντει, τὰ δὲ καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτὸν καθήκει τὸν Ἀλφειόν.
κεῖται is the root predicate; τὰ μὲν πολλὰ and τὰ δὲ ... are coordinated neuter plural substantive phrases, with προσάντει and καθήκει coordinated predicates understood of the city's parts. ἐν ἠρέμα is adverbial; ἐπʼ αὐτὸν governs the accusative Ἀλφειόν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κεῖται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Stative middle/passive-form verb, ‘lies/is situated’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 κεῖται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 πόλις | det | high | |
| 4 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 κεῖται | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 δεξιᾷ | case | high | |
| 6 | δεξιᾷ | δεξιός | NOUN | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 κεῖται | obl | high | Substantivized feminine adjective, ‘right side’. |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Ἀλφειοῦ | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀλφειοῦ | Ἀλφειός | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 δεξιᾷ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δεξιᾷ. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κεῖται | punct | high | |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 πολλὰ | det | medium | Article in a substantive phrase; syntactically part of the coordinated subject/locative description. |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 10 τὰ | advmod | high | Correlative particle. |
| 12 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 προσάντει | nsubj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, ‘for the most part’; construction may be analyzed adverbially. |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 ἠρέμα | case | high | |
| 14 | ἠρέμα | ἠρέμα | ADV | ADV | _ | 15 προσάντει | obl | high | Adverb, ‘gently/slightly’; ἐν may be treated as fossilized/adverbial in this phrase. |
| 15 | προσάντει | προσάντης | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 κεῖται | conj | low | Textual/lexical form is difficult; likely predicate adjective meaning ‘slopes upward/uphill’, with agreement or syntactic mismatch possibly reflecting an elliptical expression. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 προσάντει | punct | high | |
| 17 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 καθήκει | det | medium | Article in the second correlative substantive phrase. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 τὰ | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 καθήκει | cc | high | Additive coordinator/adverbial connective. |
| 20 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 αὐτὸν | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί, governing accusative here. |
| 21 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 22 καθήκει | obl | high | Refers to the river; coordinated with the following accusative noun phrase. |
| 22 | καθήκει | καθήκω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 προσάντει | conj | high | Coordinated predicate, ‘reaches/extends down to’. |
| 23 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 Ἀλφειόν | det | high | |
| 24 | Ἀλφειόν | Ἀλφειός | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 καθήκει | obl | high | Accusative complement of ἐπί/καθήκω. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κεῖται | punct | high |
καὶ τὰ λουτρὰ αὐτόθι, εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ Διονύσῳ ναοί· τὸν μὲν καλοῦσιν αὐτῶν Πολίτην, τὸν δὲ Αὐξίτην,
The first verbless clause has λουτρὰ as its subject and αὐτόθι as a locative adverb; εἰσὶ introduces a second clause with ναοί as subject and Διονύσῳ as a dative complement. In the final clause, τὸν ... Πολίτην and τὸν ... Αὐξίτην are coordinated accusative objects, with αὐτῶν a genitive partitive/possessive dependent on the names or object phrases.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 3 λουτρὰ | cc | high | |
| 2 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 λουτρὰ | det | high | |
| 3 | λουτρὰ | λουτρόν | NOUN | Nb | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | high | Subject of the verbless first clause. |
| 4 | αὐτόθι | αὐτόθι | ADV | D | _ | 3 λουτρὰ | advmod | high | Locative adverb. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | Punc | _ | 3 λουτρὰ | punct | high | |
| 6 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ναοί | cop | high | Existential/present copular verb. |
| 7 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 6 εἰσὶ | cc | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 6 εἰσὶ | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, ‘also’. |
| 9 | Διονύσῳ | Διόνυσος | PROPN | Ne-d-D | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ναοί | nmod | high | Dative of dedication/association. |
| 10 | ναοί | ναός | NOUN | Nb | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 λουτρὰ | conj | high | Subject of εἰσὶ; coordinated with the preceding clause. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | Punc | _ | 10 ναοί | punct | high | |
| 12 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Πολίτην | det | high | |
| 13 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Conj | _ | 14 καλοῦσιν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν, paired with δέ at token 19. |
| 14 | καλοῦσιν | καλέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ναοί | parataxis | high | Subject is implicit ‘they’; governs the coordinated accusative names. |
| 15 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-3GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 14 καλοῦσιν | nmod | medium | Genitive referring to the temples, probably ‘of them/their’. |
| 16 | Πολίτην | Πολίτης | PROPN | Ne-s--na | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 καλοῦσιν | obj | high | Predicative name/object of καλοῦσιν. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | Punc | _ | 16 Πολίτην | punct | high | |
| 18 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Αὐξίτην | det | high | |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 20 Αὐξίτην | cc | high | Correlative δέ, paired with μέν at token 13. |
| 20 | Αὐξίτην | Αὐξίτης | PROPN | Ne-s--na | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 καλοῦσιν | conj | high | Second coordinated accusative name/object of καλοῦσιν. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | Punc | _ | 20 Αὐξίτην | punct | high |
καὶ οἴκημά ἐστί σφισιν ἔνθα τῷ Διονύσῳ τὰ
Copular clause: οἴκημα is the subject and ἐστί the root; σφισιν is a dative possessor, while ἔνθα introduces a locative relative/adverbial clause whose continuation is truncated after τὰ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 3 ἐστί | cc | high | |
| 2 | οἴκημά | οἴκημα | NOUN | Nb----nn-s-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστί | nsubj | high | |
| 3 | ἐστί | εἰμί | VERB | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copula; existential/presentational use. |
| 4 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | Pp3-pd-- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 3 ἐστί | iobj | medium | Dative of possession; reflexive/third-person plural form. |
| 5 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Rel | 3 ἐστί | advmod | medium | Locative relative adverb introducing a following clause; attachment may be analyzed as discourse-level or clausal. |
| 6 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Rd----md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Διονύσῳ | det | high | |
| 7 | Διονύσῳ | Διόνυσος | PROPN | Ne----md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστί | obl | medium | Dative within the incomplete ἔνθα clause, likely marking the deity to whom the following offering/action pertains. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Pd----na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Διονύσῳ | obj | low | Accusative/nominal role is unresolved because the sentence is truncated; form is ambiguous between nominative and accusative neuter plural. |