Grammar parses for passage 8.26.1
Open translation for this passage
Ἡραιεῦσι δὲ οἰκιστὴς μὲν γέγονεν Ἡραιεὺς ὁ Λυκάονος,
Elliptical/reordered appositional structure: the clause states that the founder for the Heraeans was a Heraean, son of Lycaon.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἡραιεῦσι | Ἡραιεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur | 5 γέγονεν | iobj | high | Dative plural of the recipient 'for the Heraeans'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 5 γέγονεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἰκιστὴς | οἰκιστής | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 γέγονεν | nsubj | high | Subject of γέγονεν. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 3 οἰκιστὴς | discourse | high | Correlative particle modifying οἰκιστής. |
| 5 | γέγονεν | γίγνομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb, perfect indicative. |
| 6 | Ἡραιεὺς | Ἡραιεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 οἰκιστὴς | appos | medium | Apposition to οἰκιστής: 'a Heraean'. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Λυκάονος | det | high | Definite article with patronymic. |
| 8 | Λυκάονος | Λυκάων | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἡραιεὺς | nmod | high | Genitive of parentage with article. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 γέγονεν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
κεῖται δὲ ἡ πόλις ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ Ἀλφειοῦ, τὰ μὲν πολλὰ ἐν ἠρέμα προσάντει, τὰ δὲ καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτὸν καθήκει τὸν Ἀλφειόν.
The middle section has a loose correlative structure (τὰ μὲν... τὰ δὲ...) and an idiomatic locative phrase, so a few attachment decisions are necessarily approximate.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κεῖται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of location. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 κεῖται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-NSF | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 πόλις | det | high | Article with πόλις. |
| 4 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 κεῖται | nsubj | high | Subject of κεῖται. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 6 δεξιᾷ | case | high | Introduces prepositional phrase. |
| 6 | δεξιᾷ | δεξιός | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 κεῖται | obl | high | Adverbial locative phrase 'on the right'. |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-GSM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Ἀλφειοῦ | det | high | Article with Ἀλφειοῦ. |
| 8 | Ἀλφειοῦ | Ἀλφειός | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 δεξιᾷ | nmod | high | Genitive complement of δεξιᾷ. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κεῖται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-APN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 πολλὰ | det | high | Article with πολλὰ. |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 12 πολλὰ | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 12 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 καθήκει | obl | medium | Part of μέν...δέ contrast; likely adverbial extent/degree with ἐπʼ clause parallelism. |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 15 προσάντει | case | high | Introduces prepositional phrase. |
| 14 | ἠρέμα | ἠρέμα | ADV | D | _ | 15 προσάντει | advmod | high | Modifies προσάντει. |
| 15 | προσάντει | προσάντης | ADJ | A-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 πολλὰ | obl | medium | Locative/dative phrase; form and syntax are somewhat uncertain. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 πολλὰ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-APN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 καθήκει | det | high | Article with implied neuter plural object/complement. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 22 καθήκει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 22 καθήκει | cc | high | Connective 'also'. |
| 20 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 22 καθήκει | case | high | Preposition before αὐτόν. |
| 21 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 22 καθήκει | obj | high | Object/complement of καθήκει in this construction. |
| 22 | καθήκει | καθήκω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 1 κεῖται | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate with κεῖται. |
| 23 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 Ἀλφειόν | det | high | Article with Ἀλφειόν. |
| 24 | Ἀλφειόν | Ἀλφειός | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 καθήκει | obj | high | Object of ἐπʼ in the second clause. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κεῖται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
δρόμοι τε παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ πεποίηνται μυρσίναις καὶ ἄλλοις ἡμέροις διακεκριμένοι δένδροις,
Main clause has passive perfect πεποίηνται with subject δρόμοι; the participial phrase διακεκριμένοι δένδροις is attached adjectivally, and the prepositional phrase παρὰ τῷ ποταμῷ modifies the main predicate.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δρόμοι | δρόμος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 6 πεποίηνται | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of passive perfect. |
| 2 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 1 δρόμοι | cc | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 3 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | _ | _ | 6 πεποίηνται | case | high | Introduces prepositional phrase. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | AP-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 5 ποταμῷ | det | high | Article modifying ποταμῷ. |
| 5 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 6 πεποίηνται | obl | high | Object of παρά. |
| 6 | πεποίηνται | ποιέω | VERB | V-RIM-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Perfect|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite perfect in middle/passive form. |
| 7 | μυρσίναις | μυρσίνη | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 11 διακεκριμένοι | obl | medium | Likely instrumental/comitative dative with διακεκριμένοι. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 μυρσίναις | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 9 | ἄλλοις | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 10 ἡμέροις | amod | high | Modifies ἡμέροις. |
| 10 | ἡμέροις | ἥμερος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 12 δένδροις | amod | medium | Could be adjective used substantively, modifying δένδροις. |
| 11 | διακεκριμένοι | διακρίνω | VERB | V-RPP-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|Tense=Perfect|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Middle | 1 δρόμοι | acl | high | Participle agreeing with δρόμοι. |
| 12 | δένδροις | δένδρον | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 11 διακεκριμένοι | obl | medium | Dative complement with participle; governs/prepositions implied by context. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 πεποίηνται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
καὶ τὰ λουτρὰ αὐτόθι, εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ Διονύσῳ ναοί· τὸν μὲν καλοῦσιν αὐτῶν Πολίτην, τὸν δὲ Αὐξίτην,
The syntax is paratactic: the text moves from an existential clause to an implied repeat of καλοῦσιν, with coordinated accusative names as objects.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 εἰσὶ | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking clauses. |
| 2 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 λουτρὰ | det | high | Article with λουτρὰ. |
| 3 | λουτρὰ | λουτρόν | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 εἰσὶ | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰσὶ. |
| 4 | αὐτόθι | αὐτόθι | ADV | _ | _ | 6 εἰσὶ | advmod | high | Locative adverb. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 εἰσὶ | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 6 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite copular/existential verb, root of first clause. |
| 7 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 6 εἰσὶ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ναοί | cc | high | Coordinates with implied prior item. |
| 9 | Διονύσῳ | Διόνυσος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ναοί | nmod | high | Dative with ναοί, likely cultic possession/dedication. |
| 10 | ναοί | ναός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 εἰσὶ | conj | high | Conjoined predicate nominal of εἰσὶ. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 εἰσὶ | punct | high | Middle dot punctuation. |
| 12 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Πολίτην | det | high | Article with Πολίτην. |
| 13 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 14 καλοῦσιν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 14 | καλοῦσιν | καλέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second clause treated as a new root in asyndetic/parenthetical sequence. |
| 15 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 16 Πολίτην | nmod | high | Genitive modifier; refers to 'of them'. |
| 16 | Πολίτην | Πολίτης | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 καλοῦσιν | obj | high | Object of καλοῦσιν. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 καλοῦσιν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 18 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 Αὐξίτην | det | high | Article with Αὐξίτην. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 20 Αὐξίτην | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 20 | Αὐξίτην | Αὐξίτης | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 καλοῦσιν | conj | high | Second coordinated object/name with implied καλοῦσιν. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 καλοῦσιν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
καὶ οἴκημά ἐστί σφισιν ἔνθα τῷ Διονύσῳ τὰ
Copular clause with predicative noun οἴκημα; σφισιν is a dative of interest/possession, and the final τὰ appears to begin a following noun phrase that is cut off.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 ἐστί | cc | high | |
| 2 | οἴκημά | οἴκημα | NOUN | N-SN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστί | nsubj | high | Predicate nominal with ἐστί. |
| 3 | ἐστί | εἰμί | VERB | V-3SPI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 3 ἐστί | iobj | medium | Likely dative of possession/interest. |
| 5 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D--------- | _ | 3 ἐστί | advmod | high | |
| 6 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Διονύσῳ | det | high | |
| 7 | Διονύσῳ | Διόνυσος | PROPN | NE-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἔνθα | obl | medium | Dative governed by ἔνθα in the sense of 'for Dionysus/at Dionysus'. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-AP-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 ἐστί | obj | low | Sentence fragment continues beyond the provided tokens; likely article introducing omitted noun. |