Grammar parses for passage 8.26.8
Open translation for this passage
κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἐξ Ἡραίας ἄγουσαν ἐς Μεγάλην πόλιν εἰσὶ Μελαινεαί· ταύτας ᾤκισε μὲν Μελαινεὺς ὁ Λυκάονος, ἔρημος δὲ ἦν ἐφʼ ἡμῶν, ὕδατι δὲ καταρρεῖται.
The sentence contains three coordinated assertions after the initial existential clause; Μελαινεαί is the understood feminine plural subject of ἔρημος ἦν and καταρρεῖται, while the latter's middle voice is retained morphologically.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 6 ἄγουσαν | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 εἰσὶ | cc | high | |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἄγουσαν | det | high | |
| 4 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 5 Ἡραίας | case | high | |
| 5 | Ἡραίας | Ἡραία | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἄγουσαν | obl | high | |
| 6 | ἄγουσαν | ἄγω | VERB | PAPFSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 εἰσὶ | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying τὴν ...; understood route/path. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 9 πόλιν | case | high | |
| 8 | Μεγάλην | Μέγαλη | PROPN | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 πόλιν | amod | medium | Toponymic adjective in Μεγάλην πόλιν. |
| 9 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἄγουσαν | obl | high | Destination complement of ἄγουσαν. |
| 10 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | Μελαινεαί | Μελαινεαί | PROPN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 εἰσὶ | nsubj | high | Place-name subject. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 εἰσὶ | punct | high | |
| 13 | ταύτας | οὗτος | PRON | D-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 14 ᾤκισε | obj | high | Refers to Μελαινεαί. |
| 14 | ᾤκισε | οἰκίζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | New coordinated/clausal assertion after the semicolon. |
| 15 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 14 ᾤκισε | discourse | high | |
| 16 | Μελαινεὺς | Μελαινεύς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ᾤκισε | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Μελαινεὺς | det | high | |
| 18 | Λυκάονος | Λυκάων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Μελαινεὺς | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitive dependent on Μελαινεύς. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ᾤκισε | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἔρημος | ἔρημος | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with ἦν; subject Μελαινεαί is understood. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 22 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 14 ᾤκισε | conj | high | Subject Μελαινεαί is understood. |
| 23 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 24 ἡμῶν | case | high | |
| 24 | ἡμῶν | ἐγώ | PRON | P-GP | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 22 ἦν | obl | high | Temporal/locative phrase, ‘in our time’. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ᾤκισε | punct | high | |
| 26 | ὕδατι | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 καταρρεῖται | obl | high | Dative of means/source with καταρρεῖται. |
| 27 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 καταρρεῖται | cc | high | |
| 28 | καταρρεῖται | καταρρέω | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 14 ᾤκισε | conj | medium | Middle/passive morphology; semantic subject is the city/site, understood. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ᾤκισε | punct | high |
Μελαινεῶν δὲ τεσσαράκοντά ἐστιν ἀνωτέρω σταδίοις Βουφάγιον, καὶ ὁ ποταμὸς ἐνταῦθα ἔχει πηγὰς ὁ Βουφάγος κατιὼν ἐς τὸν Ἀλφειόν·
The sentence has an elliptical distance construction: Μελαινεῶν depends on τεσσαράκοντά (σταδίοις), with Βουφάγιον as the nominative subject of ἐστιν; κατιών is a supplementary participle agreeing with ὁ Βουφάγος and describing its course to the Alpheus.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μελαινεῶν | Μελαινεαί | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 τεσσαράκοντά | nmod | medium | Place-name in the genitive of distance/reference. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 Βουφάγιον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τεσσαράκοντά | τεσσαράκοντα | NUM | A-NUI | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἐστιν | obl | medium | Numeral in an elliptical accusative distance expression; neuter plural is formal/elliptical. |
| 4 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb. |
| 5 | ἀνωτέρω | ἄνω | ADV | ADV | _ | 4 ἐστιν | advmod | high | Comparative adverb, 'higher/upstream'. |
| 6 | σταδίοις | στάδιον | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 τεσσαράκοντά | obl | high | Measure noun with the numeral. |
| 7 | Βουφάγιον | Βουφάγιον | PROPN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Place-name, nominative subject of ἐστιν. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἔχει | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 10 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ποταμὸς | det | high | |
| 11 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἔχει | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 13 ἔχει | advmod | high | Locative adverb. |
| 13 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἐστιν | conj | high | Finite verb of the coordinated clause. |
| 14 | πηγὰς | πηγή | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 ἔχει | obj | high | Direct object of ἔχει. |
| 15 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Βουφάγος | det | high | |
| 16 | Βουφάγος | Βουφάγος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 κατιὼν | nsubj | high | Subject of the supplementary participle κατιών. |
| 17 | κατιὼν | κάτειμι | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἔχει | advcl | medium | Supplementary/predicative present participle, 'descending'; syntactically attached to ἔχει. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 Ἀλφειόν | case | high | |
| 19 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Ἀλφειόν | det | high | |
| 20 | Ἀλφειόν | Ἀλφειός | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 κατιὼν | obl | high | Goal/destination of κατιών. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high |
τοῦ Βουφάγου δὲ περὶ τὰς πηγὰς ὅροι πρὸς Μεγαλοπολίτας Ἡραιεῦσίν εἰσιν.
The sentence says that boundaries of Bouphagos around the springs are toward the Megalopolitans and the Heraieis; Ἡραιεῦσίν is a dative plural ethnonym, while Μεγαλοπολίτας is accusative plural after πρός.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 2 Βουφάγου | det | high | |
| 2 | Βουφάγου | Βουφάγος | PROPN | Ne-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ὅροι | nmod | high | Place-name/genitive dependent on ὅροι. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ὅροι | cc | high | |
| 4 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 πηγὰς | case | high | |
| 5 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T--AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 πηγὰς | det | high | |
| 6 | πηγὰς | πηγή | NOUN | N--AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ὅροι | obl | high | περί + accusative indicates location/area around the springs. |
| 7 | ὅροι | ὅρος | NOUN | N--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Plural subject of εἰσιν. |
| 8 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 Μεγαλοπολίτας | case | high | |
| 9 | Μεγαλοπολίτας | Μεγαλοπολίτης | PROPN | Ae-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 εἰσιν | obl | high | Ethnic noun used substantivally; object of πρός. |
| 10 | Ἡραιεῦσίν | Ἡραιεύς | PROPN | Ne-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 εἰσιν | obl | medium | Ethnic noun in the dative, likely indicating the party toward/with whom the boundaries are reckoned; accentuation and inflection are irregularized in the transmitted form. |
| 11 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-3PAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 εἰσιν | punct | high |