Grammar parses for passage 8.27.11
Open translation for this passage
χρόνον δὲ οὐ μετὰ πολὺν Ἀριστόδημος Μεγαλοπολίταις ἀνέφυ τύραννος, Φιγαλεὺς μὲν γένος καὶ υἱὸς Ἀρτύλα, ποιησαμένου δὲ αὐτὸν Τριταίου τῶν οὐκ ἀδυνάτων ἐν Μεγάλῃ πόλει·
The sentence has an elliptical nominal description of Aristodemus (Φιγαλεὺς μὲν γένος καὶ υἱὸς Ἀρτύλα) followed by a genitive absolute: Tritaios made him one of the notable men in Megalopolis.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀνέφυ | obl | high | Accusative duration/time expression. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 8 ἀνέφυ | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | d-------- | Polarity=Neg | 5 πολὺν | advmod | high | Negates πολύν within the temporal phrase. |
| 4 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | r-------- | _ | 5 πολὺν | case | high | |
| 5 | πολὺν | πολύς | ADJ | a-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 χρόνον | nmod | high | With μετά, temporal phrase meaning 'not long afterward'. |
| 6 | Ἀριστόδημος | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀνέφυ | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | Μεγαλοπολίταις | Μεγαλοπολίτης | PROPN | n-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἀνέφυ | iobj | high | Dative of the people over whom he became tyrant. |
| 8 | ἀνέφυ | ἀναφύω | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist form means 'arose/emerged'; exact lexical analysis of ἀνέφυ is somewhat rare. |
| 9 | τύραννος | τύραννος | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀνέφυ | xcomp | high | Predicative nominative. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀνέφυ | punct | high | |
| 11 | Φιγαλεὺς | Φιγαλεύς | ADJ | a-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 γένος | amod | high | Ethnic adjective, agreeing with understood Aristodemus. |
| 12 | μὲν | μέν | PART | d-------- | _ | 13 γένος | discourse | high | |
| 13 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | n-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἀνέφυ | parataxis | medium | Nominal phrase 'by descent a Phigalean'; likely elliptical with εἶναι. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 15 υἱὸς | cc | high | |
| 15 | υἱὸς | υἱός | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀνέφυ | parataxis | high | Second predicative/elliptical nominal phrase. |
| 16 | Ἀρτύλα | Ἀρτύλας | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 υἱὸς | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive, 'son of Artylas'. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀνέφυ | punct | high | |
| 18 | ποιησαμένου | ποιέω | VERB | v-sg---mp- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 8 ἀνέφυ | advcl | high | Genitive absolute construction. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 18 ποιησαμένου | cc | high | |
| 20 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 18 ποιησαμένου | obj | high | Object of ποιησαμένου. |
| 21 | Τριταίου | Τριταῖος | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ποιησαμένου | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 22 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | t-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἀδυνάτων | det | high | |
| 23 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | d-------- | Polarity=Neg | 24 ἀδυνάτων | advmod | high | |
| 24 | ἀδυνάτων | ἀδύνατος | ADJ | a-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 Τριταίου | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective: 'of the not-powerless/notable men'. |
| 25 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | r-------- | _ | 27 πόλει | case | high | |
| 26 | Μεγάλῃ | μέγας | ADJ | a-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 πόλει | amod | high | |
| 27 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ποιησαμένου | obl | high | Locative phrase, Μεγάλῃ πόλει = Megalopolis. |
| 28 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀνέφυ | punct | high |
τούτῳ τῷ Ἀριστοδήμῳ καὶ τυραννοῦντι ἐξεγένετο ὅμως ἐπικληθῆναι Χρηστῷ.
The dative phrase τούτῳ τῷ Ἀριστοδήμῳ καὶ τυραννοῦντι is the experiencer/subject-like dative with impersonal ἐξεγένετο; ἐπικληθῆναι is its complementary passive infinitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | PD-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 Ἀριστοδήμῳ | det | high | |
| 2 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Ἀριστοδήμῳ | det | high | |
| 3 | Ἀριστοδήμῳ | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐξεγένετο | iobj | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 τυραννοῦντι | cc | high | |
| 5 | τυραννοῦντι | τυραννέω | VERB | V-PAP-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 Ἀριστοδήμῳ | conj | high | Coordinated dative participle, agreeing with Ἀριστοδήμῳ. |
| 6 | ἐξεγένετο | ἐκγίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Impersonal/limited-personal construction: 'it happened/were possible for him'. |
| 7 | ὅμως | ὅμως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 6 ἐξεγένετο | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ἐπικληθῆναι | ἐπικαλέω | VERB | V-APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 6 ἐξεγένετο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive. |
| 9 | Χρηστῷ | χρηστός | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπικληθῆναι | xcomp | medium | Predicative dative name/title within the passive infinitive ('be called Chrestus'); substantivized adjective. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐξεγένετο | punct | high |
ἐπὶ τούτου τυραννοῦντος ἐσβάλλουσιν ἐς τὴν Μεγαλοπολῖτιν στρατιᾷ Λακεδαιμόνιοι καὶ τοῦ βασιλέως Κλεομένους ὁ πρεσβύτατος τῶν παίδων Ἀκρότατος·
Genitive absolute ἐπὶ τούτου τυραννοῦντος sets the temporal circumstance; ὁ πρεσβύτατος ... Ἀκρότατος is an appositional subject to Λακεδαιμόνιοι, with τοῦ βασιλέως Κλεομένους dependent on Ἀκρότατος as patronymic/possessive genitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 3 τυραννοῦντος | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive absolute phrase. |
| 2 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | RD-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 τυραννοῦντος | nsubj | high | Genitive demonstrative subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 3 | τυραννοῦντος | τυραννέω | VERB | V-PAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 ἐσβάλλουσιν | advcl | high | Present active genitive participle in a genitive absolute. |
| 4 | ἐσβάλλουσιν | ἐσβάλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite clause root. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 7 Μεγαλοπολῖτιν | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative destination. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RAFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Μεγαλοπολῖτιν | det | high | Article modifying Μεγαλοπολῖτιν. |
| 7 | Μεγαλοπολῖτιν | Μεγαλοπολῖτις | PROPN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Proper=Yes | 4 ἐσβάλλουσιν | obl | high | Accusative destination with ἐς. |
| 8 | στρατιᾷ | στρατιά | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐσβάλλουσιν | obl | high | Dative of means or accompaniment, ‘with an army’. |
| 9 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Proper=Yes | 4 ἐσβάλλουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐσβάλλουσιν. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 18 Ἀκρότατος | cc | high | Coordinates the appositional noun phrase with the preceding subject. |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | R-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 βασιλέως | det | high | Article modifying βασιλέως. |
| 12 | βασιλέως | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Ἀκρότατος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Ἀκρότατος, identifying his royal father. |
| 13 | Κλεομένους | Κλεομένης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Proper=Yes | 12 βασιλέως | appos | high | Proper-name apposition within the genitive phrase τοῦ βασιλέως. |
| 14 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 πρεσβύτατος | det | high | Article substantivizing or introducing πρεσβύτατος. |
| 15 | πρεσβύτατος | πρέσβυς | ADJ | A-NSM-SUP | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Ἀκρότατος | amod | high | Superlative adjective, substantivized: ‘the eldest’. |
| 16 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | R-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 παίδων | det | high | Article modifying παίδων. |
| 17 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 πρεσβύτατος | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with the superlative πρεσβύτατος. |
| 18 | Ἀκρότατος | Ἀκρότατος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Proper=Yes | 9 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | appos | medium | Appositional singular name identifying one member of the plural Lacedaemonian subject; exact coordination scope is somewhat uncertain. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐσβάλλουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐγενεαλόγησα δὲ ἤδη τά τε ἐς τοῦτον καὶ ἐς τὸ πᾶν γένος τῶν ἐν Σπάρτῃ βασιλέων.
The first ἐς-phrase is an elliptical object of ἐγενεαλόγησα, understood with τά (the genealogy concerning this man); the second ἐς-phrase specifies the whole γένος. τά τε ... καὶ ... are coordinated accusative objects/content phrases. τῶν ... βασιλέων is a genitive dependent on γένος, with ἐν Σπάρτῃ modifying βασιλέων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐγενεαλόγησα | γενεαλογέω | VERB | V.Aor.Act.Ind.1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐγενεαλόγησα | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἐγενεαλόγησα | advmod | high | |
| 4 | τά | ὁ | PRON | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἐγενεαλόγησα | obj | medium | Substantival neuter plural article/pronominal demonstrative, coordinated with the following ἐς phrase. |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 τά | cc | high | Correlative with καί. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 τοῦτον | case | high | |
| 7 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | D-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 τά | nmod | medium | Accusative object of ἐς; the phrase is elliptical for the genealogy concerning this man. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἐς | cc | high | Coordinates the two ἐς phrases. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 γένος | case | high | |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 γένος | det | high | |
| 11 | πᾶν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 γένος | amod | high | |
| 12 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 τά | conj | high | Head noun of the second coordinated ἐς phrase. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 βασιλέων | det | high | |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 Σπάρτῃ | case | high | |
| 15 | Σπάρτῃ | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 βασιλέων | nmod | high | Dative governed by ἐν. |
| 16 | βασιλέων | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 γένος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on γένος. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐγενεαλόγησα | punct | high |
γενομένης δὲ ἰσχυρᾶς μάχης καὶ ἀποθανόντων πολλῶν παρʼ ἀμφοτέρων κρατοῦσιν οἱ Μεγαλοπολῖται τῇ συμβολῇ·
The opening is a coordinated genitive absolute; ἀποθανόντων πολλῶν is coordinated with γενομένης μάχης, while the main clause is κρατοῦσιν οἱ Μεγαλοπολῖται.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γενομένης | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 4 μάχης | acl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 κρατοῦσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἰσχυρᾶς | ἰσχυρός | ADJ | A-S---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 μάχης | amod | high | |
| 4 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-S---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 κρατοῦσιν | obl | high | Noun governed within the genitive absolute. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἀποθανόντων | cc | high | |
| 6 | ἀποθανόντων | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 μάχης | conj | high | Second coordinated genitive-absolute participle. |
| 7 | πολλῶν | πολύς | ADJ | A-S---GM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀποθανόντων | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, subject of ἀποθανόντων. |
| 8 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 ἀμφοτέρων | case | high | Apocopated/elided form of παρά. |
| 9 | ἀμφοτέρων | ἀμφότερος | PRON | P-G---GM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀποθανόντων | obl | high | With παρά, indicating both sides. |
| 10 | κρατοῦσιν | κρατέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T--NPM- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 Μεγαλοπολῖται | det | high | |
| 12 | Μεγαλοπολῖται | Μεγαλοπολίτης | PROPN | N-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 κρατοῦσιν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 13 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T--DSF- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 συμβολῇ | det | high | |
| 14 | συμβολῇ | συμβολή | NOUN | N-DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 κρατοῦσιν | obl | high | Dative of sphere or circumstance: in the engagement. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 κρατοῦσιν | punct | high |
καὶ ἄλλοι τε διεφθάρησαν Σπαρτιατῶν καὶ Ἀκρότατος, οὐδέ οἱ τὴν πατρῴαν παραλαβεῖν ἐξεγένετο ἀρχήν.
The second coordinated clause uses impersonal ἐξεγένετο with dative οἱ and an aorist infinitive παραλαβεῖν; οὐδέ connects it negatively to the preceding statement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 διεφθάρησαν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 διεφθάρησαν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 3 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 2 ἄλλοι | discourse | medium | Correlative τε associated with καί. |
| 4 | διεφθάρησαν | διαφθείρω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | Σπαρτιατῶν | Σπαρτιάτης | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 ἄλλοι | nmod | high | Genitive modifying ἄλλοι, ‘others of the Spartans’. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 Ἀκρότατος | cc | high | |
| 7 | Ἀκρότατος | Ἀκρότατος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 διεφθάρησαν | conj | high | Coordinated subject. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 διεφθάρησαν | punct | high | |
| 9 | οὐδέ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 ἐξεγένετο | cc | medium | Negative connective introducing the following clause. |
| 10 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 14 ἐξεγένετο | iobj | medium | Dative of the person concerned with ἐξεγένετο. |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 πατρῴαν | det | high | |
| 12 | πατρῴαν | πατρῷος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἀρχήν | amod | high | Agrees with ἀρχήν; ‘ancestral’. |
| 13 | παραλαβεῖν | παραλαμβάνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 14 ἐξεγένετο | xcomp | high | |
| 14 | ἐξεγένετο | ἐκγίγνομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 4 διεφθάρησαν | conj | high | Impersonal construction: ‘it came about that he could not...’. |
| 15 | ἀρχήν | ἀρχή | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 παραλαβεῖν | obj | high | |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 διεφθάρησαν | punct | high |