Grammar parses for passage 8.27.11
Open translation for this passage
χρόνον δὲ οὐ μετὰ πολὺν Ἀριστόδημος Μεγαλοπολίταις ἀνέφυ τύραννος, Φιγαλεὺς μὲν γένος καὶ υἱὸς Ἀρτύλα, ποιησαμένου δὲ αὐτὸν Τριταίου τῶν οὐκ ἀδυνάτων ἐν Μεγάλῃ πόλει·
Main clause has a temporal oblique and a predicative/appositive τύραννος; the second half contains a genitive absolute whose internal subject relation is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀνέφυ | obl | high | Temporal accusative modifying the clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 ἀνέφυ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 5 πολὺν | advmod | high | Negates μετὰ πολὺν. |
| 4 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | _ | _ | 5 πολὺν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 5 | πολὺν | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 χρόνον | amod | high | Adnominal modifier of χρόνον. |
| 6 | Ἀριστόδημος | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀνέφυ | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀνέφυ. |
| 7 | Μεγαλοπολίταις | Μεγαλοπολίτης | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἀνέφυ | iobj | medium | Dative of indirect object/interest; exact role somewhat loose. |
| 8 | ἀνέφυ | ἀναφύω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 9 | τύραννος | τύραννος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀνέφυ | xcomp | medium | Predicative/appositive complement to ἀνέφυ. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀνέφυ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | Φιγαλεὺς | Φιγαλεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 τύραννος | appos | high | Apposition to τύραννος. |
| 12 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 11 Φιγαλεὺς | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 13 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 Φιγαλεὺς | obl | medium | Likely acc. of respect/relational accusative with Φιγαλεύς. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 Φιγαλεὺς | cc | high | Coordinates the two descriptors. |
| 15 | υἱὸς | υἱός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Φιγαλεὺς | appos | high | Second appositive identifier. |
| 16 | Ἀρτύλα | Ἄρτυλας | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 υἱὸς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of υἱός. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 Φιγαλεὺς | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | ποιησαμένου | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 ἀνέφυ | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 ποιησαμένου | cc | high | Postpositive connective within the genitive absolute. |
| 20 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 18 ποιησαμένου | obj | high | Object of ποιησαμένου. |
| 21 | Τριταίου | Τριταῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ποιησαμένου | nsubj | medium | Agent/subject of the genitive absolute; interpretation uncertain. |
| 22 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 ἀδυνάτων | det | high | Article with substantivized participle. |
| 23 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 24 ἀδυνάτων | advmod | high | Negates ἀδυνάτων. |
| 24 | ἀδυνάτων | ἀδύνατος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 Τριταίου | nmod | medium | Partitive/genitive modifier of Τριταίου; exact syntactic relation is uncertain. |
| 25 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 27 πόλει | case | high | Preposition. |
| 26 | Μεγάλῃ | μέγας | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 πόλει | amod | high | Attributive modifier of πόλει. |
| 27 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ποιησαμένου | obl | high | Locative phrase dependent on the genitive absolute. |
| 28 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀνέφυ | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐπὶ τούτου τυραννοῦντος ἐσβάλλουσιν ἐς τὴν Μεγαλοπολῖτιν στρατιᾷ Λακεδαιμόνιοι καὶ τοῦ βασιλέως Κλεομένους ὁ πρεσβύτατος τῶν παίδων Ἀκρότατος·
The syntax is centered on ἐσβάλλουσιν with a genitive absolute fronted before the main clause; the second subject is coordinated with καί and includes an appositional genitive phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 3 τυραννοῦντος | case | high | Introduces genitive absolute. |
| 2 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 τυραννοῦντος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of participle. |
| 3 | τυραννοῦντος | τυραννεύω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 ἐσβάλλουσιν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 4 | ἐσβάλλουσιν | εἰσβάλλω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 7 Μεγαλοπολῖτιν | case | high | Marks goal/direction. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Μεγαλοπολῖτιν | det | high | Article modifying place name. |
| 7 | Μεγαλοπολῖτιν | Μεγαλοπολῖτις | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐσβάλλουσιν | obl | high | Accusative place-name complement of motion. |
| 8 | στρατιᾷ | στρατιά | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐσβάλλουσιν | obl | medium | Dative of means/attendant circumstance. |
| 9 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐσβάλλουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐσβάλλουσιν. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 Ἀκρότατος | cc | high | Coordinates the second subject. |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 βασιλέως | det | high | Article with βασιλέως. |
| 12 | βασιλέως | βασιλεύς | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Ἀκρότατος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of Ἀκρότατος. |
| 13 | Κλεομένους | Κλεομένης | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 βασιλέως | nmod | high | Proper name in apposition/genitive with βασιλέως. |
| 14 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 πρεσβύτατος | det | high | Article with superlative. |
| 15 | πρεσβύτατος | πρέσβυς | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Ἀκρότατος | amod | high | Attributive superlative modifying Ἀκρότατος. |
| 16 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 παίδων | det | high | Article with παίδων. |
| 17 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 πρεσβύτατος | nmod | high | Genitive complement of superlative 'eldest among the sons'. |
| 18 | Ἀκρότατος | Ἀκρότατος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐσβάλλουσιν | nsubj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐσβάλλουσιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
γενομένης δὲ ἰσχυρᾶς μάχης καὶ ἀποθανόντων πολλῶν παρʼ ἀμφοτέρων κρατοῦσιν οἱ Μεγαλοπολῖται τῇ συμβολῇ·
The sentence has a main clause with two coordinated genitive absolutes preceding it; παρʼ ἀμφοτέρων depends on the second participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γενομένης | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AOR-MID-PART-GEN-SF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 4 μάχης | amod | high | Genitive absolute participle modifying μάχης. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 10 κρατοῦσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἰσχυρᾶς | ἰσχυρός | ADJ | A-Gen-SF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 μάχης | amod | high | Modifies μάχης. |
| 4 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-Gen-SF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 κρατοῦσιν | advcl | high | Head of first genitive absolute. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἀποθανόντων | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive absolute participial phrases. |
| 6 | ἀποθανόντων | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-AOR-ACT-PART-GEN-PM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 κρατοῦσιν | advcl | high | Second genitive absolute participle. |
| 7 | πολλῶν | πολύς | ADJ | A-Gen-PM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀποθανόντων | amod | high | Substantivized adjective meaning 'many'. |
| 8 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | _ | _ | 9 ἀμφοτέρων | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 9 | ἀμφοτέρων | ἀμφότερος | PRON | P-Gen-PM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀποθανόντων | obl | high | Object of παρὰ, 'on both sides'. |
| 10 | κρατοῦσιν | κρατέω | VERB | V-PRES-ACT-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 11 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA-Nom-PM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 Μεγαλοπολῖται | det | high | Definite article. |
| 12 | Μεγαλοπολῖται | Μεγαλοπολίτης | PROPN | N-Nom-PM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 κρατοῦσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of κρατοῦσιν. |
| 13 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA-Dat-SF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 συμβολῇ | det | high | Article with συμβολῇ. |
| 14 | συμβολῇ | συμβολή | NOUN | N-Dat-SF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 κρατοῦσιν | obl | high | Dative of respect/means: 'in the encounter/engagement'. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 κρατοῦσιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
καὶ ἄλλοι τε διεφθάρησαν Σπαρτιατῶν καὶ Ἀκρότατος, οὐδέ οἱ τὴν πατρῴαν παραλαβεῖν ἐξεγένετο ἀρχήν.
Two coordinated clauses: the first with διεφθάρησαν, and the second with ἐξεγένετο plus complementary infinitive παραλαβεῖν; οἱ is treated as a substantive subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 διεφθάρησαν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 4 διεφθάρησαν | nsubj | high | Subject of διεφθάρησαν. |
| 3 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 2 ἄλλοι | discourse | medium | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 4 | διεφθάρησαν | διαφθείρω | VERB | _ | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | Σπαρτιατῶν | Σπαρτιάτης | PROPN | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 2 ἄλλοι | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἄλλοι, indicating 'of the Spartans'. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 Ἀκρότατος | cc | high | |
| 7 | Ἀκρότατος | Ἀκρότατος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 4 διεφθάρησαν | conj | high | Conjoined subject with ἄλλοι. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 διεφθάρησαν | punct | high | |
| 9 | οὐδέ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 ἐξεγένετο | cc | high | Connects the second clause negatively. |
| 10 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 14 ἐξεγένετο | nsubj | medium | Likely article functioning as substantive subject, referring to them. |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 15 ἀρχήν | det | high | |
| 12 | πατρῴαν | πατρῷος | ADJ | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 15 ἀρχήν | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying ἀρχήν. |
| 13 | παραλαβεῖν | παραλαμβάνω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Infinitive|Voice=Active | 14 ἐξεγένετο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive with ἐξεγένετο. |
| 14 | ἐξεγένετο | ἐξγίγνομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate of the second clause. |
| 15 | ἀρχήν | ἀρχή | NOUN | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 13 παραλαβεῖν | obj | medium | Object of παραλαβεῖν. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐξεγένετο | punct | high |