Grammar parses for passage 8.27.12
Open translation for this passage
μετὰ δὲ Ἀριστόδημον τελευτήσαντα δύο μάλιστα ὕστερον γενεαῖς ἐτυράννησε Λυδιάδης, οἴκου μὲν οὐκ ἀφανοῦς, φύσιν δὲ φιλότιμος ὢν καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα, ὡς ἐπέδειξεν ὕστερον, καὶ φιλόπολις.
The syntax is a sequence of main statement plus characterizing participial/predicative phrases; the phrase with οἴκου μὲν ... φύσιν δὲ ... is loosely appositive, and ὢν may be analyzed as copular or participial support.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | _ | _ | 4 τελευτήσαντα | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀριστόδημον. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ἐτυράννησε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀριστόδημον | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 τελευτήσαντα | obj | high | Object of τελευτήσαντα in accusative absolute-like construction. |
| 4 | τελευτήσαντα | τελευτάω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἐτυράννησε | advcl | high | Participial clause modifying the main event; linked to the main verb. |
| 5 | δύο | δύο | NUM | _ | NumType=Card | 8 γενεαῖς | nummod | high | Numeral modifying γενεαῖς. |
| 6 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | _ | _ | 8 γενεαῖς | advmod | high | Degree modifier of ὕστερον/γενεαῖς phrase. |
| 7 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | _ | _ | 8 γενεαῖς | amod | medium | Adverbial adjective-like modifier of γενεαῖς; syntax somewhat loose. |
| 8 | γενεαῖς | γενεά | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 τελευτήσαντα | obl | high | Temporal/dative expression with δύο μάλιστα ὕστερον. |
| 9 | ἐτυράννησε | τυραννέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 10 | Λυδιάδης | Λυδιάδης | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐτυράννησε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐτυράννησε. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐτυράννησε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | οἴκου | οἶκος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 φιλότιμος | nmod | high | Genitive of origin/source with φιλότιμος. |
| 13 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 19 φιλότιμος | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 14 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 15 ἀφανοῦς | advmod | high | Negation of ἀφανοῦς. |
| 15 | ἀφανοῦς | ἀφανής | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 οἴκου | amod | high | Attributive genitive agreeing with οἴκου. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 φιλότιμος | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | φύσιν | φύσις | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ὢν | obj | high | Accusative respect for φιλότιμος. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 φιλότιμος | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 19 | φιλότιμος | φιλότιμος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐτυράννησε | advcl | medium | Predicate adjective in participial frame with ὢν. |
| 20 | ὢν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 φιλότιμος | cop | medium | Copular participle; analysis uncertain, could be participial auxiliary-like modifier. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 φιλότιμος | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 22 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 23 ἥκιστα | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 23 | ἥκιστα | ἥκιστα | ADV | _ | _ | 19 φιλότιμος | conj | medium | Coordinated predicative adverb/adjective-like element with φιλότιμος. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 φιλότιμος | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 25 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 26 ἐπέδειξεν | mark | high | Introduces clause. |
| 26 | ἐπέδειξεν | ἐπιδείκνυμι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 19 φιλότιμος | advcl | high | Subordinate clause modifying φιλόπολις/whole characterization. |
| 27 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | _ | _ | 26 ἐπέδειξεν | advmod | high | Temporal modifier of ἐπέδειξεν. |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἐπέδειξεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 30 φιλόπολις | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 30 | φιλόπολις | φιλόπολις | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 φιλότιμος | conj | medium | Final coordinated predicate adjective; linked to φιλότιμος. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐτυράννησε | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἔσχε μὲν γὰρ ἔτι νέος ὢν τὴν ἀρχήν· ἐπεὶ δὲ ἤρχετο φρονεῖν, κατέπαυεν ἑαυτὸν ἑκὼν τυραννίδος, καίπερ ἐς τὸ ἀσφαλὲς ἤδη οἱ τῆς ἀρχῆς καθωρμισμένης.
The final concessive participial phrase is syntactically difficult and textually uncertain; the genitive feminine participle may depend on an implied noun such as ἀρχῆς.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔσχε | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἔσχε | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἔσχε | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 4 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | _ | _ | 1 ἔσχε | advmod | high | Modifies ἔσχε. |
| 5 | νέος | νέος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὢν | amod | high | Predicative/adjectival modifier with participle. |
| 6 | ὢν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 ἔσχε | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying ἔσχε. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 ἀρχήν | det | high | Article with ἀρχήν. |
| 8 | ἀρχήν | ἀρχή | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἔσχε | obj | high | Object of ἔσχε. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔσχε | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 10 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | _ | _ | 12 ἤρχετο | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 12 ἤρχετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 12 | ἤρχετο | ἄρχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 15 κατέπαυεν | advcl | high | Temporal/causal subordinate clause. |
| 13 | φρονεῖν | φρονέω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 12 ἤρχετο | xcomp | high | Complement of ἤρχετο. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἤρχετο | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 15 | κατέπαυεν | καταπαύω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 16 | ἑαυτὸν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 15 κατέπαυεν | obj | high | Reflexive object. |
| 17 | ἑκὼν | ἑκών | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 κατέπαυεν | advcl | medium | Adverbial participial-like adjective, agreeing with implicit subject. |
| 18 | τυραννίδος | τυραννίς | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 κατέπαυεν | obl | medium | Likely genitive dependent of κατέπαυεν with sense 'from tyranny'. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 κατέπαυεν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 20 | καίπερ | καίπερ | SCONJ | _ | _ | 28 καθωρμισμένης | mark | high | Concessive subordinating conjunction. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 23 ἀσφαλὲς | case | high | Preposition governing τὸ ἀσφαλές. |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 ἀσφαλὲς | det | high | Article with adjective used substantively. |
| 23 | ἀσφαλὲς | ἀσφαλής | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 καθωρμισμένης | obl | high | Prepositional phrase modifying participle. |
| 24 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | _ | _ | 28 καθωρμισμένης | advmod | high | Adverb modifying participle. |
| 25 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 ἀρχῆς | det | low | Text likely corrupt; article may stand for implied subject. |
| 26 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 ἀρχῆς | det | high | Article with ἀρχῆς. |
| 27 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 καθωρμισμένης | obl | high | Genitive dependent within participial phrase. |
| 28 | καθωρμισμένης | καθορμίζω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 15 κατέπαυεν | advcl | medium | Genitive participle; likely concessive with καίπερ, though agreement is odd. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 κατέπαυεν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |