Grammar parses for passage 8.27.12
Open translation for this passage
μετὰ δὲ Ἀριστόδημον τελευτήσαντα δύο μάλιστα ὕστερον γενεαῖς ἐτυράννησε Λυδιάδης, οἴκου μὲν οὐκ ἀφανοῦς, φύσιν δὲ φιλότιμος ὢν καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα, ὡς ἐπέδειξεν ὕστερον, καὶ φιλόπολις.
The opening μετὰ governs the accusative participial phrase Ἀριστόδημον τελευτήσαντα (‘after Aristodemus died’); γενεαῖς is a dative of interval, and φύσιν … φιλότιμος ὢν is an accusative-of-respect construction with coordinated predicates φιλότιμος and φιλόπολις. The attachment of ὕστερον to the temporal clause and later ἐπέδειξεν is clear but semantically repeated.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 4 τελευτήσαντα | case | high | With accusative participial phrase, temporal ‘after’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἐτυράννησε | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀριστόδημον | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 τελευτήσαντα | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the temporal participle. |
| 4 | τελευτήσαντα | τελευτάω | VERB | V--AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἐτυράννησε | advcl | high | Temporal participial clause governed by μετὰ. |
| 5 | δύο | δύο | NUM | A--NPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 8 γενεαῖς | nummod | high | Cardinal modifier of γενεαῖς. |
| 6 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D | Degree=Sup | 8 γενεαῖς | advmod | high | Restrictive/intensifying modifier of the interval expression. |
| 7 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | D | Degree=Pos | 9 ἐτυράννησε | advmod | medium | Temporal adverb modifying the main predication or interval phrase. |
| 8 | γενεαῖς | γενεά | NOUN | N--DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ἐτυράννησε | obl | high | Dative of temporal interval: ‘two generations later’. |
| 9 | ἐτυράννησε | τυραννέω | VERB | V--AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | Λυδιάδης | Λυδιάδης | PROPN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐτυράννησε | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐτυράννησε | punct | high | |
| 12 | οἴκου | οἶκος | NOUN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἀφανοῦς | obl | high | Genitive of respect/source with ἀφανοῦς: ‘of no obscure house’. |
| 13 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 12 οἴκου | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; its balancing δέ is at token 18. |
| 14 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 15 ἀφανοῦς | advmod | high | |
| 15 | ἀφανοῦς | ἀφανής | ADJ | A--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 φιλότιμος | obl | medium | Predicate adjective in the οἴκου μέν phrase; elliptic with respect to lineage/house. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐτυράννησε | punct | high | |
| 17 | φύσιν | φύσις | NOUN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 φιλότιμος | obl | high | Accusative of respect: ‘by nature’. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 φιλότιμος | cc | high | Correlative with μέν at token 13. |
| 19 | φιλότιμος | φιλότιμος | ADJ | A--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ὢν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with the participle ὢν. |
| 20 | ὢν | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἐτυράννησε | advcl | high | Supplementary participle predicated of Λυδιάδης. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 φιλότιμος | cc | high | |
| 22 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 23 ἥκιστα | advmod | high | |
| 23 | ἥκιστα | ἥκιστα | ADV | D | Degree=Sup | 19 φιλότιμος | advmod | medium | Adverbial intensifier, ‘not least’; scope is the following φιλόπολις. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 φιλότιμος | punct | high | |
| 25 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 ἐπέδειξεν | mark | high | Introduces the parenthetical explanatory clause. |
| 26 | ἐπέδειξεν | ἐπιδείκνυμι | VERB | V--AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 19 φιλότιμος | parataxis | medium | Parenthetical clause, with omitted/understood subject Λυδιάδης. |
| 27 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | D | Degree=Pos | 26 ἐπέδειξεν | advmod | high | ‘Later’, modifying ἐπέδειξεν. |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἐπέδειξεν | punct | high | |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 φιλότιμος | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate adjective. |
| 30 | φιλόπολις | φιλόπολις | ADJ | A--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ὢν | conj | high | Coordinated predicate adjective with φιλότιμος. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐτυράννησε | punct | high |
ἔσχε μὲν γὰρ ἔτι νέος ὢν τὴν ἀρχήν· ἐπεὶ δὲ ἤρχετο φρονεῖν, κατέπαυεν ἑαυτὸν ἑκὼν τυραννίδος, καίπερ ἐς τὸ ἀσφαλὲς ἤδη οἱ τῆς ἀρχῆς καθωρμισμένης.
The second clause has ἤρχετο φρονεῖν (‘began to think’); κατέπαυεν governs the reflexive object and genitive τυραννίδος, while the concessive καίπερ-clause uses genitive absolute τῆς ἀρχῆς καθωρμισμένης, with οἱ dative of advantage/reference.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔσχε | ἔχω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 1 ἔσχε | discourse | high | Correlative particle; counterpart δέ follows. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | X | _ | 1 ἔσχε | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 4 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D | _ | 6 ὢν | advmod | high | |
| 5 | νέος | νέος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὢν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with participle ὢν. |
| 6 | ὢν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PXP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ἔσχε | advcl | high | Concessive/temporal participial adjunct: ‘while still young’. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἀρχήν | det | high | |
| 8 | ἀρχήν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἔσχε | obj | high | |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔσχε | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | C | _ | 12 ἤρχετο | mark | high | Introduces the temporal clause. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | X | _ | 12 ἤρχετο | cc | high | Correlative/adversative particle. |
| 12 | ἤρχετο | ἄρχομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 15 κατέπαυεν | advcl | high | Imperfect middle, ‘was beginning’. |
| 13 | φρονεῖν | φρονέω | VERB | V-PNA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 12 ἤρχετο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἤρχετο | punct | high | |
| 15 | κατέπαυεν | καταπαύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 1 ἔσχε | conj | high | Main verb of the second coordinated clause. |
| 16 | ἑαυτὸν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-3ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Reflex=Yes | 15 κατέπαυεν | obj | high | Reflexive object. |
| 17 | ἑκὼν | ἑκών | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 κατέπαυεν | advmod | high | Adjectival adjunct, ‘willingly’. |
| 18 | τυραννίδος | τυραννίς | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 κατέπαυεν | obl | high | Genitive complement of καταπαύω: ‘cease from tyranny’. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 κατέπαυεν | punct | high | |
| 20 | καίπερ | καίπερ | SCONJ | C | _ | 28 καθωρμισμένης | mark | high | Concessive marker governing the participial clause. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 23 ἀσφαλὲς | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ἀσφαλὲς | det | high | |
| 23 | ἀσφαλὲς | ἀσφαλής | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 καθωρμισμένης | obl | medium | Substantivized adjective, ‘safety/security’; ἐς τὸ ἀσφαλές is a goal/result adjunct. |
| 24 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D | _ | 28 καθωρμισμένης | advmod | high | |
| 25 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-3DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 28 καθωρμισμένης | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/advantage; spelling identical to article. |
| 26 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἀρχῆς | det | high | |
| 27 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 καθωρμισμένης | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 28 | καθωρμισμένης | καθορμίζω | VERB | V-RPP-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 15 κατέπαυεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute, ‘the rule having already been securely established’. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 κατέπαυεν | punct | high |
Μεγαλοπολιτῶν δὲ συντελούντων ἤδη τότε ἐς τὸ Ἀχαϊκόν, ὁ Λυδιάδης ἔν τε αὐτοῖς Μεγαλοπολίταις καὶ ἐν τοῖς πᾶσιν Ἀχαιοῖς ἐγένετο οὕτω δόκιμος ὡς Ἀράτῳ παρισωθῆναι τὰ ἐς δόξαν.
Genitive absolute Μεγαλοπολιτῶν συντελούντων frames the main clause; ὡς ... παρισωθῆναι is a correlative result/comparison infinitive complement to δόκιμος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μεγαλοπολιτῶν | Μεγαλοπολίτης | PROPN | N--GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 συντελούντων | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ἐγένετο | cc | high | |
| 3 | συντελούντων | συντελέω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 21 ἐγένετο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute; συντελέω ἐς with contribution/alliance sense. |
| 4 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D-------- | _ | 3 συντελούντων | advmod | high | |
| 5 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 3 συντελούντων | advmod | high | |
| 6 | ἐς | ἐς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Ἀχαϊκόν | case | high | |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-SNA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 Ἀχαϊκόν | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀχαϊκόν | Ἀχαϊκόν | PROPN | A-SNA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 συντελούντων | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter adjective, likely the Achaean League. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐγένετο | punct | high | |
| 10 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-SNM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Λυδιάδης | det | high | |
| 11 | Λυδιάδης | Λυδιάδης | PROPN | N-SNM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | ἔν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 Μεγαλοπολίταις | case | high | |
| 13 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἔν | cc | medium | First member of correlative τε ... καί. |
| 14 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P---DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 15 Μεγαλοπολίταις | amod | high | Intensive/emphatic modifier of Μεγαλοπολίταις. |
| 15 | Μεγαλοπολίταις | Μεγαλοπολίτης | PROPN | N-DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἐγένετο | obl | high | First ἐν-phrase. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ἐν | cc | high | Correlative with τε. |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 Ἀχαιοῖς | case | high | |
| 18 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 πᾶσιν | det | high | |
| 19 | πᾶσιν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 Ἀχαιοῖς | amod | high | |
| 20 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Second ἐν-phrase. |
| 21 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 22 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 23 δόκιμος | advmod | high | Correlative with ὡς. |
| 23 | δόκιμος | δόκιμος | ADJ | A-SNM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἐγένετο | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective. |
| 24 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 26 παρισωθῆναι | mark | high | Introduces result/comparison infinitive clause. |
| 25 | Ἀράτῳ | Ἄρατος | PROPN | N-DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 παρισωθῆναι | obl | high | Dative with παρισωθῆναι, 'to be matched to Aratus'. |
| 26 | παρισωθῆναι | παρισόω | VERB | V-APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 23 δόκιμος | ccomp | high | Infinitive complement/result of δόκιμος with ὡς. |
| 27 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-PNA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 29 δόξαν | det | high | |
| 28 | ἐς | ἐς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 29 δόξαν | case | high | |
| 29 | δόξαν | δόξα | NOUN | N-SFA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 παρισωθῆναι | obl | high | Substantivized τὰ ἐς δόξαν: matters relating to reputation. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐγένετο | punct | high |