Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 8.27.2

← 8.27.1 8.27.3 →

Passage 8.27.2

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed

98Greek tokens

2,709input tokens

6,796output tokens

Sentence 1

8.27.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 20
Input: 787
Output: 1,493
Total: 2,280

γνώμῃ μὲν τοιαύτῃ συνῳκίζοντο οἱ Ἀρκάδες, τῆς πόλεως δὲ οἰκιστὴς Ἐπαμινώνδας ὁ Θηβαῖος σὺν τῷ δικαίῳ καλοῖτο ἄν·

The second clause is elliptical: Ἐπαμινώνδας ὁ Θηβαῖος is identified as οἰκιστής, while καλοῖτο ἄν is a potential/evaluative formulation; the exact attachment of the predicate nominative is somewhat uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	γνώμῃ	γνώμη	NOUN	N--DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 συνῳκίζοντο	obl	high	Dative of manner/means.
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	4 συνῳκίζοντο	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
3	τοιαύτῃ	τοιοῦτος	ADJ	A--DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	1 γνώμῃ	amod	high	Agrees with γνώμῃ.
4	συνῳκίζοντο	συνοικίζω	VERB	V-PII-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Impf\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb.
5	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 Ἀρκάδες	det	high	Article with substantivized ethnic name.
6	Ἀρκάδες	Ἀρκάς	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 συνῳκίζοντο	nsubj	high	Subject of συνῳκίζοντο.
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	4 συνῳκίζοντο	punct	high
8	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 πόλεως	det	high	Article with πόλεως.
9	πόλεως	πόλις	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 οἰκιστὴς	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on οἰκιστής.
10	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	18 καλοῖτο	cc	high	Adversative correlative particle.
11	οἰκιστὴς	οἰκιστής	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 καλοῖτο	nsubj	medium	Predicate nominative/subject of καλοῖτο; elliptical evaluative construction.
12	Ἐπαμινώνδας	Ἐπαμινώνδας	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 οἰκιστὴς	appos	high	Names the οἰκιστής.
13	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 Θηβαῖος	det	high	Article with Θηβαῖος.
14	Θηβαῖος	Θηβαῖος	ADJ	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 Ἐπαμινώνδας	appos	high	Ethnic adjective used appositionally.
15	σὺν	σύν	ADP	R--------	_	17 δικαίῳ	case	high	Preposition governing the dative.
16	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 δικαίῳ	det	high	Article with δικαίῳ.
17	δικαίῳ	δίκαιος	ADJ	A-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 καλοῖτο	obl	medium	Substantivized dative phrase with σὺν; idiomatic ‘with justice/rightly’.
18	καλοῖτο	καλέω	VERB	V-PPM-3S	Mood=Opt\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	medium	Potential optative with ἄν; textual syntax is elliptical and evaluative.
19	ἄν	ἄν	PART	G--------	_	18 καλοῖτο	advmod	high	Modal particle governing the potential optative.
20	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	18 καλοῖτο	punct	high

Sentence 2

8.27.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 31
Input: 896
Output: 2,332
Total: 3,228

τούς τε γὰρ Ἀρκάδας οὗτος ἦν ὁ ἐπεγείρας ἐς τὸν συνοικισμὸν Θηβαίων τε χιλίους λογάδας καὶ Παμμένην ἀπέστειλεν ἡγεμόνα ἀμύνειν τοῖς Ἀρκάσιν, εἰ κωλύειν πειρῶνται οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι τὸν οἰκισμόν.

The sentence has a copular identification (οὗτος ἦν ὁ ἐπεγείρας) followed by coordinated ἀπέστειλεν; the εἰ-clause supplies the condition for the purpose infinitive ἀμύνειν.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τούς	ὁ	DET	article-acc-m-pl	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 Ἀρκάδας	det	high
2	τε	τε	CCONJ	conj	_	4 Ἀρκάδας	cc	high	Correlative τε, continuing the γάρ clause.
3	γὰρ	γάρ	CCONJ	conj	_	6 ἦν	discourse	high
4	Ἀρκάδας	Ἀρκάς	PROPN	noun-acc-m-pl	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 ἐπεγείρας	obj	high	Object of ἐπεγείρας.
5	οὗτος	οὗτος	PRON	dem-pron-nom-m-sg	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	6 ἦν	nsubj	high
6	ἦν	εἰμί	AUX	verb-imperf-ind-act-3sg	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Copular clause with ἐπεγείρας as predicate complement.
7	ὁ	ὁ	DET	article-nom-m-sg	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ἐπεγείρας	det	high
8	ἐπεγείρας	ἐπεγείρω	VERB	part-aor-act-nom-m-sg	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	6 ἦν	xcomp	medium	Substantivized aorist participle, ‘the one who roused’; construed as predicate complement of ἦν.
9	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	prep	_	11 συνοικισμὸν	case	high
10	τὸν	ὁ	DET	article-acc-m-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 συνοικισμὸν	det	high
11	συνοικισμὸν	συνοικισμός	NOUN	noun-acc-m-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ἐπεγείρας	obl	high	Goal/purpose complement with ἐς.
12	Θηβαίων	Θηβαῖος	PROPN	adj-gen-m-pl-subst	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 χιλίους	nmod	high	Substantivized ethnic noun, ‘of the Thebans’.
13	τε	τε	CCONJ	conj	_	14 χιλίους	cc	high
14	χιλίους	χίλιος	ADJ	adj-acc-m-pl	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 ἐπεγείρας	obj	medium	Accusative personnel complement/object associated with ἐπεγείρας; understood λογάδας.
15	λογάδας	λογάς	NOUN	noun-acc-m-pl	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 χιλίους	nmod	high	Accusative noun specifying χιλίους.
16	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	conj	_	17 Παμμένην	cc	high
17	Παμμένην	Παμμένης	PROPN	propn-acc-m-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 ἀπέστειλεν	obj	high	Object of ἀπέστειλεν.
18	ἀπέστειλεν	ἀποστέλλω	VERB	verb-aor-ind-act-3sg	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	6 ἦν	conj	high	Coordinated finite verb under the γάρ explanation.
19	ἡγεμόνα	ἡγεμών	NOUN	noun-acc-m-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 Παμμένην	xcomp	high	Predicative accusative with Παμμένην.
20	ἀμύνειν	ἀμύνω	VERB	verb-pres-inf-act	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	18 ἀπέστειλεν	xcomp	high	Infinitive of purpose/content after ἀπέστειλεν.
21	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	article-dat-m-pl	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 Ἀρκάσιν	det	high
22	Ἀρκάσιν	Ἀρκάς	PROPN	noun-dat-m-pl	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	20 ἀμύνειν	iobj	high	Dative with ἀμύνειν, ‘to aid the Arcadians’.
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	18 ἀπέστειλεν	punct	high
24	εἰ	εἰ	SCONJ	conj	_	26 πειρῶνται	mark	high
25	κωλύειν	κωλύω	VERB	pres-inf-act	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	26 πειρῶνται	xcomp	medium	Infinitive complementary to πειρῶνται.
26	πειρῶνται	πειράομαι	VERB	pres-ind-mid-3pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	20 ἀμύνειν	advcl	high	Conditional subordinate clause modifying ἀμύνειν/its sending.
27	οἱ	ὁ	DET	article-nom-m-pl	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	28 Λακεδαιμόνιοι	det	high
28	Λακεδαιμόνιοι	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	adj-nom-m-pl-subst	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	26 πειρῶνται	nsubj	high	Substantivized ethnic adjective.
29	τὸν	ὁ	DET	article-acc-m-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	30 οἰκισμόν	det	high
30	οἰκισμόν	οἰκισμός	NOUN	noun-acc-m-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 κωλύειν	obj	high	Object of κωλύειν.
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἦν	punct	high

Sentence 3

8.27.2 sentence 3

Tokens: 47
Input: 1,026
Output: 2,971
Total: 3,997

ᾑρέθησαν δὲ καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀρκάδων οἰκισταὶ Λυκομήδης καὶ Ὁπολέας καὶ Τίμων τε καὶ Πρόξενος, οὗτοι μὲν ἐκ Τεγέας, Λυκομήδης δὲ καὶ Ὁπολέας Μαντινεῖς, Κλειτορίων δὲ Κλεόλαος καὶ Ἀκρίφιος, Εὐκαμπίδας δὲ καὶ Ἱερώνυμος ἐκ Μαινάλου, Παρρασίων δὲ Ποσσικράτης τε καὶ Θεόξενος.

Long elliptical nominative list: οἰκισταί is the predicate complement of passive αἱρέθησαν, while later ethnics and place phrases supply appositional/origin specifications; the repeated names are treated as coordinated list members.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ᾑρέθησαν	αἱρέω	VERB	V3PIA?	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Passive	7 οἰκισταὶ	cop	medium	Aorist passive finite verb; with οἰκισταί understood as predicate nominative.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ᾑρέθησαν	cc	high
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	7 οἰκισταὶ	cc	high
4	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	PREP	_	6 Ἀρκάδων	case	high
5	τῶν	ὁ	DET	D-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 Ἀρκάδων	det	high
6	Ἀρκάδων	Ἀρκάς	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	1 ᾑρέθησαν	obl:agent	high
7	οἰκισταὶ	οἰκιστής	NOUN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	1 ᾑρέθησαν	xcomp	high	Predicate nominative/subject complement with passive αἱρέθησαν.
8	Λυκομήδης	Λυκομήδης	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 οἰκισταὶ	nsubj	high	First member of coordinated nominative list.
9	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	10 Ὁπολέας	cc	high
10	Ὁπολέας	Ὁπολέας	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 Λυκομήδης	conj	high
11	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	12 Τίμων	cc	high
12	Τίμων	Τίμων	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 Λυκομήδης	conj	high
13	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	15 Πρόξενος	cc	high
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	15 Πρόξενος	cc	high
15	Πρόξενος	Πρόξενος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 Λυκομήδης	conj	high
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	15 Πρόξενος	punct	high
17	οὗτοι	οὗτος	PRON	D-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 Λυκομήδης	nsubj	medium	Resumptive demonstrative introducing the following appositional/geographical specification.
18	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	17 οὗτοι	discourse	high
19	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	_	20 Τεγέας	case	high
20	Τεγέας	Τεγέα	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 οὗτοι	nmod	high	Origin phrase; syntactically predicative/appositional to οὗτοι.
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	20 Τεγέας	punct	high
22	Λυκομήδης	Λυκομήδης	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 οἰκισταὶ	conj	medium	Resumed/repeated name in an elliptical listing.
23	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	22 Λυκομήδης	cc	high
24	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	25 Ὁπολέας	cc	high
25	Ὁπολέας	Ὁπολέας	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	22 Λυκομήδης	conj	high
26	Μαντινεῖς	Μαντινεύς	PROPN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 Λυκομήδης	appos	medium	Ethnic plural used substantivally: Mantineans.
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	26 Μαντινεῖς	punct	high
28	Κλειτορίων	Κλειτόριος	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	30 Κλεόλαος	nmod	medium	Ethnic/genitive label, elliptically meaning 'of the Cleitorians'.
29	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	30 Κλεόλαος	cc	high
30	Κλεόλαος	Κλεόλαος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 οἰκισταὶ	conj	high
31	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	32 Ἀκρίφιος	cc	high
32	Ἀκρίφιος	Ἀκρίφιος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	30 Κλεόλαος	conj	high
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	32 Ἀκρίφιος	punct	high
34	Εὐκαμπίδας	Εὐκαμπίδας	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 οἰκισταὶ	conj	high
35	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	34 Εὐκαμπίδας	cc	high
36	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	37 Ἱερώνυμος	cc	high
37	Ἱερώνυμος	Ἱερώνυμος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	34 Εὐκαμπίδας	conj	high
38	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	_	39 Μαινάλου	case	high
39	Μαινάλου	Μαίναλος	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	37 Ἱερώνυμος	nmod	high	Origin phrase modifying Ἱερώνυμος.
40	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	39 Μαινάλου	punct	high
41	Παρρασίων	Παράσσιος	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	43 Ποσσικράτης	nmod	medium	Ethnic/genitive label, elliptically meaning 'of the Parrhasians'.
42	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	43 Ποσσικράτης	cc	high
43	Ποσσικράτης	Ποσσικράτης	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 οἰκισταὶ	conj	high
44	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	46 Θεόξενος	cc	high
45	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	46 Θεόξενος	cc	high
46	Θεόξενος	Θεόξενος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	43 Ποσσικράτης	conj	high
47	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	46 Θεόξενος	punct	high

← 8.27.1 8.27.3 →