Grammar parses for passage 8.28.2
Open translation for this passage
τὴν δὲ Γόρτυνα ποταμὸς διέξεισιν ὑπὸ μὲν τῶν περὶ τὰς πηγὰς ὀνομαζόμενος Λούσιος, ἐπὶ λουτροῖς δὴ τοῖς Διὸς τεχθέντος· οἱ δὲ ἀπωτέρω τῶν πηγῶν καλοῦσιν ἀπὸ τῆς κώμης Γορτύνιον.
The sentence has two coordinated naming descriptions: the river is called Λούσιος near the springs, while farther away it is called Γορτύνιον; the genitive participle Διὸς τεχθέντος is syntactically elliptical/absolute-like.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | ----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 Γόρτυνα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 5 διέξεισιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | Γόρτυνα | Γόρτυς | PROPN | ----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 διέξεισιν | obj | high | Place name, accusative. |
| 4 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | ----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 διέξεισιν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | διέξεισιν | διέξειμι | VERB | ՝3SPAI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Present form of διέξειμι, ‘flows/passes through’. |
| 6 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | -------- | _ | 12 ὀνομαζόμενος | case | high | |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | -------- | _ | 12 ὀνομαζόμενος | advmod | high | Correlative μέν with later δέ. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | ----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 πηγὰς | det | high | |
| 9 | περὶ | περί | ADP | -------- | _ | 11 πηγὰς | case | high | |
| 10 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | ----APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 πηγὰς | det | high | |
| 11 | πηγὰς | πηγή | NOUN | ----APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 ὀνομαζόμενος | obl | high | Object of περί. |
| 12 | ὀνομαζόμενος | ὀνομάζω | VERB | -PPPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 4 ποταμὸς | acl | high | Participial predicate modifying ποταμός. |
| 13 | Λούσιος | Λούσιος | PROPN | ----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ὀνομαζόμενος | xcomp | medium | Predicate name with passive naming participle. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 διέξεισιν | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | -------- | _ | 16 λουτροῖς | case | high | |
| 16 | λουτροῖς | λουτρόν | NOUN | ----NPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ὀνομαζόμενος | obl | high | Dative with ἐπί, referring to the baths. |
| 17 | δὴ | δή | PART | -------- | _ | 20 τεχθέντος | advmod | high | |
| 18 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | ----DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 λουτροῖς | det | high | |
| 19 | Διὸς | Ζεύς | PROPN | ----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 τεχθέντος | nmod | high | |
| 20 | τεχθέντος | τίκτω | VERB | -APPGSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 16 λουτροῖς | acl | medium | Genitive absolute-like participle; Διός is its genitive subject, with δή as particle. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 διέξεισιν | punct | high | |
| 22 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | ----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 καλοῦσιν | nsubj | high | Substantival article, ‘the people/those’. |
| 23 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 27 καλοῦσιν | cc | high | Correlative with earlier μέν. |
| 24 | ἀπωτέρω | ἀπωτέρω | ADV | -------- | _ | 27 καλοῦσιν | advmod | high | Comparative adverb, ‘farther away’. |
| 25 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | ----GPF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 26 πηγῶν | det | high | |
| 26 | πηγῶν | πηγή | NOUN | ----GPF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 24 ἀπωτέρω | obl | high | Genitive of comparison with ἀπωτέρω. |
| 27 | καλοῦσιν | καλέω | VERB | V3PΑI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second coordinated clause; shared discourse context supplies the named object. |
| 28 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | -------- | _ | 30 κώμης | case | high | |
| 29 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | ----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 κώμης | det | high | |
| 30 | κώμης | κώμη | NOUN | ----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 καλοῦσιν | obl | high | Source/origin complement of ἀπό. |
| 31 | Γορτύνιον | Γορτύνιος | PROPN | ----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 καλοῦσιν | obj | high | Name supplied as the object of καλοῦσιν; neuter accusative. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 καλοῦσιν | punct | high |
οὗτος ὁ Γορτύνιος ὕδωρ ψυχρότατον παρέχεται ποταμῶν.
The demonstrative and article modify Γορτύνιος, which is the subject; παρέχεται is middle/deponent, with ὕδωρ as its accusative object and ποταμῶν as a partitive genitive dependent on the superlative ψυχρότατον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτος | οὗτος | DET | DSNMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 Γορτύνιος | det | high | |
| 2 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | δα0 | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Γορτύνιος | det | high | |
| 3 | Γορτύνιος | Γορτύνιος | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 παρέχεται | nsubj | high | Ethnic/name adjective used substantivally as the subject. |
| 4 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-----ANS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 παρέχεται | obj | high | |
| 5 | ψυχρότατον | ψυχρός | ADJ | A-----ANS- | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ὕδωρ | amod | high | Superlative adjective modifying ὕδωρ. |
| 6 | παρέχεται | παρέχω | VERB | V3SPI-M | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle/deponent use: 'provides/yields'. |
| 7 | ποταμῶν | ποταμός | NOUN | N-----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ψυχρότατον | nmod | medium | Partitive genitive with the superlative: 'of rivers'. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 παρέχεται | punct | high |
Ἴστρον μέν γε καὶ Ῥῆνον, ἔτι δὲ Ὕπανίν τε καὶ Βορυσθένην καὶ ὅσων ἄλλων ἐν ὥρᾳ χειμῶνος τὰ ῥεύματα πήγνυται, τούτους μὲν χειμερίους κατὰ ἐμὴν δόξαν ὀρθῶς ὀνομάσαι τις ἄν, οἳ ῥέουσι μὲν διὰ γῆς τὸ πολὺ τοῦ χρόνου νειφομένης, ἀνάπλεως δὲ κρυμοῦ καὶ ὁ περὶ αὐτούς ἐστιν ἀήρ·
The sentence has a potential infinitive construction (ὀνομάσαι τις ἄν) with coordinated river references and two relative clauses; the final clause is elliptical in its coordination and adjective agreement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἴστρον | Ἴστρος | PROPN | Neut|Acc|Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 ὀνομάσαι | obj | high | River name, accusative as object of ὀνομάσαι. |
| 2 | μέν | μέν | PART | Part | _ | 1 Ἴστρον | discourse | high | |
| 3 | γε | γε | PART | Part | _ | 2 μέν | advmod | medium | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 1 Ἴστρον | cc | high | |
| 5 | Ῥῆνον | Ῥῆνος | PROPN | Masc|Acc|Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Ἴστρον | conj | high | River name coordinated with Ἴστρον. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 ὀνομάσαι | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | Adv | _ | 9 Ὕπανίν | advmod | high | |
| 8 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 9 Ὕπανίν | cc | high | |
| 9 | Ὕπανίν | Ὕπανις | PROPN | Masc|Acc|Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Ἴστρον | conj | high | River name. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 9 Ὕπανίν | cc | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 12 Βορυσθένην | cc | high | |
| 12 | Βορυσθένην | Βορυσθένης | PROPN | Masc|Acc|Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Ὕπανίν | conj | high | River name. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 14 ὅσων | cc | high | |
| 14 | ὅσων | ὅσος | PRON | Rel|Gen|Plur | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 21 πήγνυται | nmod | medium | Relative quantifier, genitive with ἄλλων. |
| 15 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | Adj|Gen|Plur | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 20 ῥεύματα | nmod | high | Substantival adjective modifying understood rivers. |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Prep | _ | 17 ὥρᾳ | case | high | |
| 17 | ὥρᾳ | ὥρα | NOUN | Fem|Dat|Sing | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 πήγνυται | obl | high | |
| 18 | χειμῶνος | χειμών | NOUN | Masc|Gen|Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ὥρᾳ | nmod | high | Genitive specifying season. |
| 19 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Art|Nom|Plur|Neut | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 ῥεύματα | det | high | |
| 20 | ῥεύματα | ῥεῦμα | NOUN | Neut|Nom|Plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 πήγνυται | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | πήγνυται | πήγνυμι | VERB | Pres|Mid|Pass|Ind|3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 30 ὀνομάσαι | acl:relcl | medium | Relative clause modifying the rivers represented by ὅσων ἄλλων; form agrees plural subject. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 πήγνυται | punct | high | |
| 23 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | Dem|Acc|Plur|Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 30 ὀνομάσαι | obj | high | Resumptive object of ὀνομάσαι. |
| 24 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Part | _ | 23 τούτους | discourse | high | |
| 25 | χειμερίους | χειμέριος | ADJ | Adj|Acc|Plur|Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 ὀνομάσαι | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative with ὀνομάσαι. |
| 26 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | Prep | _ | 28 δόξαν | case | high | |
| 27 | ἐμὴν | ἐμός | ADJ | Poss|Acc|Sing|Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes | 28 δόξαν | amod | high | |
| 28 | δόξαν | δόξα | NOUN | Fem|Acc|Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 ὀνομάσαι | obl | high | κατὰ δόξαν, according to opinion. |
| 29 | ὀρθῶς | ὀρθῶς | ADV | Adv | _ | 30 ὀνομάσαι | advmod | high | |
| 30 | ὀνομάσαι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | Aor|Act|Inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Infinitive in potential construction with ἄν. |
| 31 | τις | τις | PRON | Indef|Nom|Sing | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 30 ὀνομάσαι | nsubj | high | |
| 32 | ἄν | ἄν | PART | Part | _ | 30 ὀνομάσαι | aux | high | Potential particle. |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 ὀνομάσαι | punct | high | |
| 34 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | Rel|Nom|Plur|Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 35 ῥέουσι | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to the rivers. |
| 35 | ῥέουσι | ῥέω | VERB | Pres|Act|Ind|3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 30 ὀνομάσαι | acl:relcl | high | |
| 36 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Part | _ | 35 ῥέουσι | discourse | high | |
| 37 | διὰ | διά | ADP | Prep | _ | 38 γῆς | case | high | |
| 38 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | Fem|Gen|Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 ῥέουσι | obl | high | διά with genitive. |
| 39 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art|Acc|Sing|Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 40 πολὺ | det | high | |
| 40 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | Adj|Acc|Sing|Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 42 χρόνου | advmod | medium | Substantival adverbial phrase τὸ πολύ, 'for the most part'. |
| 41 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art|Gen|Sing|Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 42 χρόνου | det | high | |
| 42 | χρόνου | χρόνος | NOUN | Masc|Gen|Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 43 νειφομένης | obl | medium | Genitive of duration/measure with νειφομένης. |
| 43 | νειφομένης | νειφόω | VERB | Pres|Mid|Pass|Gen|Fem|Sing|Part | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 35 ῥέουσι | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute; feminine singular likely agrees with understood γῆς. |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 ῥέουσι | punct | high | |
| 45 | ἀνάπλεως | ἀνάπλεως | ADJ | Adj|Nom|Sing|Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 53 ἀήρ | obl | medium | Predicate adjective with κρυμοῦ; construction is elliptical/irregular in surface agreement. |
| 46 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 53 ἀήρ | cc | high | |
| 47 | κρυμοῦ | κρυμός | NOUN | Masc|Gen|Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 45 ἀνάπλεως | obl | medium | Genitive complement of ἀνάπλεως. |
| 48 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 49 ὁ | cc | high | |
| 49 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art|Nom|Sing|Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 53 ἀήρ | det | high | |
| 50 | περὶ | περί | ADP | Prep | _ | 51 αὐτούς | case | high | |
| 51 | αὐτούς | αὐτός | PRON | Pers|Acc|Plur|Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 53 ἀήρ | nmod | high | Object of περί. |
| 52 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | Pres|Act|Ind|3Sing | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 53 ἀήρ | cop | high | |
| 53 | ἀήρ | ἀήρ | NOUN | Masc|Nom|Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 ῥέουσι | conj | medium | Second coordinated predicate/content clause: the air around them is also full of frost. |
| 54 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 ῥέουσι | punct | high |