Grammar parses for passage 8.28.3
Open translation for this passage
ὅσοι δὲ γῆν διεξίασιν εὖ τῶν ὡρῶν ἔχουσαν καὶ θέρους σφίσι τὸ ὕδωρ πινόμενόν τε καὶ λουομένους ἀνθρώπους ἀναψύχει, χειμῶνος δὲ ἀνιαρὸν οὐκ ἔστι, τούτους ἐγώ φημι παρέχεσθαι σφᾶς ὕδωρ ψυχρόν.
The sentence has a relative clause led by ὅσοι, followed by the matrix construction τούτους ἐγὼ φημι παρέχεσθαι; the first root assignment is structurally subordinate, so the matrix predicate φημι is treated as the final root.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | AP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 διεξίασιν | nsubj | high | Relative quantifier introducing the subject clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 τούτους | cc | high | |
| 3 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-AF-S-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 διεξίασιν | obj | high | |
| 4 | διεξίασιν | διέξειμι | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 ἀναψύχει | csubj | medium | Present active form; subject is ὅσοι, with following coordinated predicates. |
| 5 | εὖ | εὖ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 8 ἔχουσαν | advmod | high | |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GP-P-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ὡρῶν | det | high | |
| 7 | ὡρῶν | ὥρα | NOUN | N-GF-P-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 ἔχουσαν | obl | high | Genitive of respect/quality with ἔχουσαν. |
| 8 | ἔχουσαν | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-AFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 διεξίασιν | advcl | medium | Participial description of γῆν. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἀναψύχει | cc | high | |
| 10 | θέρους | θέρος | NOUN | N-GS-S-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἀναψύχει | obl | medium | Temporal genitive. |
| 11 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DP--- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 13 ὕδωρ | iobj | high | |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-AS-S-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 13 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-AS-S-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἀναψύχει | obj | high | |
| 14 | πινόμενόν | πίνω | VERB | V-PMP-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 13 ὕδωρ | acl | medium | Passive/middle participle agreeing with ὕδωρ. |
| 15 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 πινόμενόν | cc | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 λουομένους | cc | high | |
| 17 | λουομένους | λούω | VERB | V-PMP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 18 ἀνθρώπους | amod | medium | Middle/passive participle agreeing with ἀνθρώπους. |
| 18 | ἀνθρώπους | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-AP-M-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἀναψύχει | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀναψύχει. |
| 19 | ἀναψύχει | ἀναψύχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Main relative-clause predicate; singular agreement likely with coordinated/implicit neuter subject ὕδωρ. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἀναψύχει | punct | high | |
| 21 | χειμῶνος | χειμών | NOUN | N-GS-M-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἔστι | obl | high | Temporal genitive. |
| 22 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 ἔστι | cc | high | |
| 23 | ἀνιαρὸν | ἀνιαρός | ADJ | A-NS-S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Neuter predicate subject/nominal subject with ἔστι. |
| 24 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 25 ἔστι | advmod | high | |
| 25 | ἔστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 ἀναψύχει | conj | high | Coordinated clause: ‘in winter it is not unpleasant’. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἔστι | punct | high | |
| 27 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | P-AMP--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 φημι | obj | high | Demonstrative object of φημι, coreferential with ὅσοι. |
| 28 | ἐγώ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1NS--- | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 29 φημι | nsubj | high | |
| 29 | φημι | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-1S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Matrix predicate; infinitival complement follows. |
| 30 | παρέχεσθαι | παρέχω | VERB | V-PMN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 29 φημι | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of φημι. |
| 31 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3AP--- | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 30 παρέχεσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 32 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-AS-S-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 30 παρέχεσθαι | obj | high | |
| 33 | ψυχρόν | ψυχρός | ADJ | A-AS-S-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 32 ὕδωρ | amod | high | Agrees with ὕδωρ. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 φημι | punct | high |
ψυχρὸν μὲν δὴ ὕδωρ καὶ Κύδνου τοῦ διεξιόντος Ταρσεῖς καὶ Μέλανος τοῦ παρὰ Σίδην τὴν Παμφύλων·
The passage is syntactically elliptical: ὕδωρ is the overt neuter nominative topic, while the following names and genitives appear in a compressed coordinated description.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ψυχρὸν | ψυχρός | ADJ | A-S--NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ὕδωρ | amod | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 4 ὕδωρ | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | Df | _ | 4 ὕδωρ | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-S--NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Elliptical predicate/continuation likely; nominative neuter subject or topic. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 Κύδνου | cc | high | |
| 6 | Κύδνου | Κύδνος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ὕδωρ | nmod | medium | Genitive coordinated source/name phrase; exact attachment is elliptical. |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 διεξιόντος | det | high | |
| 8 | διεξιόντος | διέξειμι | VERB | V-PAP-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 Κύδνου | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying Κύδνου. |
| 9 | Ταρσεῖς | Ταρσεύς | PROPN | N-P---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ὕδωρ | conj | medium | Nominal place-name, coordinated with Μέλανος; construction is elliptical. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 Μέλανος | cc | high | |
| 11 | Μέλανος | Μέλας | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Ταρσεῖς | conj | medium | Genitive proper name; case may reflect the elliptical continuation and is syntactically difficult. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 παρὰ | det | medium | Article with following prepositional phrase, likely substantivizing/marking an elliptical genitive phrase. |
| 13 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 Σίδην | case | high | |
| 14 | Σίδην | Σίδη | PROPN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Μέλανος | nmod | high | Object of παρά. |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 Παμφύλων | det | high | |
| 16 | Παμφύλων | Παμφύλοι | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 Σίδην | nmod | high | Genitive ethnic designation dependent on Σίδην: Side of the Pamphylians. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ὕδωρ | punct | high |
Ἄλεντος δὲ τοῦ ἐν Κολοφῶνι καὶ ἐλεγείων ποιηταὶ τὴν ψυχρότητα ᾄδουσι.
Genitive absolute: Ἄλεντος ... ποιηταί is a subjectless/nominal genitive phrase, with τοῦ ἐν Κολοφῶνι καὶ ἐλεγείων modifying Ἄλεντος; ποιηταὶ is the nominative subject of ᾄδουσι. The coordination is slightly compressed, so attachment of καὶ ἐλεγείων is interpreted as modifying ποιηταί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἄλεντος | Ἄλεντος | PROPN | N-gen-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ποιηταὶ | nmod | medium | Proper name in genitive absolute; lemma retained as nominative-form name. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ποιηταὶ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-gen-sg-m | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Ἄλεντος | det | high | Article agreeing with Ἄλεντος. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Κολοφῶνι | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 5 | Κολοφῶνι | Κολοφών | PROPN | N-dat-sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 Ἄλεντος | nmod | high | Place name in dative with ἐν. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐλεγείων | cc | medium | Coordinates ἐλεγείων with the preceding descriptive phrase; exact scope is compressed. |
| 7 | ἐλεγείων | ἐλεγεῖος | ADJ | A-gen-pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ποιηταὶ | amod | medium | Genitive plural adjective, substantivized or agreeing elliptically with ποιηταί: elegiac poets. |
| 8 | ποιηταὶ | ποιητής | NOUN | N-nom-pl-m | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ᾄδουσι | nsubj | high | Subject of ᾄδουσι. |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-acc-sg-f | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ψυχρότητα | det | high | Article agreeing with ψυχρότητα. |
| 10 | ψυχρότητα | ψυχρότης | NOUN | N-acc-sg-f | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ᾄδουσι | obj | high | Direct object of ᾄδουσι. |
| 11 | ᾄδουσι | ᾄδω | VERB | V- pres-act-ind-3pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ᾄδουσι | punct | high |
Γορτύνιος δὲ προήκει καὶ ἐς πλέον ψυχρότητος, μάλιστα δὲ ὥρᾳ θέρους.
Γορτύνιος is the subject; προήκει means ‘is prominent/surpasses’ with a genitive of comparison or domain (ψυχρότητος), modified by πλέον. The final phrase gives a temporal specification, ‘especially in the season of summer’; the exact semantic relation of ὥρᾳ θέρους is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Γορτύνιος | Γορτύνιος | PROPN | A--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 προήκει | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 3 προήκει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | προήκει | προήκω | VERB | V-PIA3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 3 προήκει | advmod | medium | Adverbial ‘also/even’, not coordination of two finite clauses. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 πλέον | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 6 | πλέον | πλείων | ADJ | A--NAS- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 προήκει | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter comparative, governed by ἐς. |
| 7 | ψυχρότητος | ψυχρότης | NOUN | N-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 προήκει | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on προήκει, interpreted as the domain or object of comparison: ‘in respect of coldness’. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 προήκει | punct | high | |
| 9 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 3 προήκει | advmod | high | |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 9 μάλιστα | cc | medium | Postpositive connective within the emphatic temporal phrase. |
| 11 | ὥρᾳ | ὥρα | NOUN | N-DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 προήκει | obl | medium | Dative of time/occasion; modified by genitive θέρους. |
| 12 | θέρους | θέρος | NOUN | N-GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ὥρᾳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὥρᾳ: ‘the season/time of summer’. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 προήκει | punct | high |
ἔχει μὲν δὴ τὰς πηγὰς ἐν Θεισόᾳ τῆ Μεθυδριεῦσιν ὁμόρῳ· καθότι δὲ τῷ Ἀλφειῷ τὸ ῥεῦμα ἀνακοινοῖ, καλοῦσι Ῥαιτέας.
The sentence has an initial clause with ἔχει and a following explanatory clause: the spring's stream communicates with the Alpheios, hence the springs are called Ῥαιτέαι. The form τῆ is retained as supplied and analyzed as a dative article, with the following dative phrase construed as apposition/locative description; ὁμόρῳ is dative singular agreeing with an implied locality referent or with Θεισόᾳ in a loose construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 20 καλοῦσι | conj | high | Main verb of the initial clause; subject is the implied source/spring. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 1 ἔχει | discourse | high | Correlative particle, opposed to following δὲ. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 1 ἔχει | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 πηγὰς | det | high | |
| 5 | πηγὰς | πηγή | NOUN | N-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 ἔχει | obj | high | Direct object of ἔχει. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 Θεισόᾳ | case | high | |
| 7 | Θεισόᾳ | Θεισόα | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πηγὰς | obl | high | Dative after ἐν; supplied text has ἐν Θεισόᾳ. |
| 8 | τῆ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Μεθυδριεῦσιν | det | medium | Supplied form τῆ is treated as a dative singular feminine article; construction is textually or syntactically unusual. |
| 9 | Μεθυδριεῦσιν | Μεθυδριεύς | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ὁμόρῳ | obl | medium | Dative plural ethnonym, likely part of the locality description; agreement with τῆ is not regular. |
| 10 | ὁμόρῳ | ὅμορος | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Θεισόᾳ | amod | low | Dative singular adjective; its agreement target is uncertain in the supplied wording. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔχει | punct | high | |
| 12 | καθότι | καθότι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἀνακοινοῖ | mark | high | Subordinator introducing the explanatory clause. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἀνακοινοῖ | cc | high | Connective particle. |
| 14 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Ἀλφειῷ | det | high | |
| 15 | Ἀλφειῷ | Ἀλφειός | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἀνακοινοῖ | iobj | high | Dative object/recipient with ἀνακοινόω. |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ῥεῦμα | det | high | |
| 17 | ῥεῦμα | ῥεῦμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἀνακοινοῖ | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀνακοινοῖ. |
| 18 | ἀνακοινοῖ | ἀνακοινόω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 20 καλοῦσι | advcl | high | Explanatory subordinate-clause verb. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἀνακοινοῖ | punct | high | |
| 20 | καλοῦσι | καλέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate of the sentence; subject is generic/indefinite 'they'. |
| 21 | Ῥαιτέας | Ῥαιτέαι | PROPN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 καλοῦσι | obj | high | Predicate name/object with καλοῦσι; feminine plural accusative. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 καλοῦσι | punct | high |