Grammar parses for passage 8.29.2
Open translation for this passage
γιγάντων δὲ ἐν μὲν Ἰλιάδι οὐδεμίαν ἐποιήσατο Ὅμηρος μνήμην· ἐν Ὀδυσσείᾳ δὲ ἔγραψε μὲν ὡς ταῖς Ὀδυσσέως ναυσὶ Λαιστρυγόνες ἐπέλθοιεν γίγασι καὶ οὐκ ἀνδράσιν εἰκασμένοι, ἐποίησε δὲ καὶ τὸν βασιλέα τῶν Φαιάκων λέγοντα εἶναι τοὺς Φαίακας θεῶν ἐγγὺς ὥσπερ Κύκλωπας καὶ τὸ γιγάντων ἔθνος.
The sentence has three coordinated Homeric assertions. Token 21 is optative in an indirect περιγραφή clause under ἔγραψε; εἰκασμένοι agrees with γίγασι. The final infinitival clause depends on ἐποίησε, with βασιλέα as its accusative subject and Φαίακας as the predicate accusative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γιγάντων | γίγας | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 μνήμην | nmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἐποιήσατο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 Ἰλιάδι | case | high | |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 ἐποιήσατο | advmod | high | |
| 5 | Ἰλιάδι | Ἰλιάς | PROPN | N-LSF | Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐποιήσατο | obl | high | Locative/dative form after ἐν. |
| 6 | οὐδεμίαν | οὐδείς | DET | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 μνήμην | det | high | |
| 7 | ἐποιήσατο | ποιέω | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐποιήσατο | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | μνήμην | μνήμη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐποιήσατο | obj | high | |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐποιήσατο | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Ὀδυσσείᾳ | case | high | |
| 12 | Ὀδυσσείᾳ | Ὀδύσσεια | PROPN | N-LSF | Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἔγραψε | obl | high | Locative/dative form after ἐν. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἔγραψε | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἔγραψε | γράφω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 ἐποιήσατο | conj | high | Subject understood as Ὅμηρος. |
| 15 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 14 ἔγραψε | advmod | high | |
| 16 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ἐπέλθοιεν | mark | high | Introduces reported content. |
| 17 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 ναυσὶ | det | high | |
| 18 | Ὀδυσσέως | Ὀδυσσεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ναυσὶ | nmod:poss | high | |
| 19 | ναυσὶ | ναῦς | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 ἐπέλθοιεν | obl | high | |
| 20 | Λαιστρυγόνες | Λαιστρυγών | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἐπέλθοιεν | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | ἐπέλθοιεν | ἐπέρχομαι | VERB | V-FAO-3P | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 14 ἔγραψε | ccomp | medium | Aorist active optative in reported/indirect content; lexical form may be analyzed as ἐπέρχομαι with active morphology. |
| 22 | γίγασι | γίγας | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 εἰκασμένοι | obl | high | Dative of comparison/likeness with εἰκάζω. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 26 εἰκασμένοι | cc | high | |
| 24 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 26 εἰκασμένοι | advmod | high | |
| 25 | ἀνδράσιν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 εἰκασμένοι | obl | high | Coordinated dative of comparison/likeness. |
| 26 | εἰκασμένοι | εἰκάζω | VERB | V-RMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 21 ἐπέλθοιεν | advcl | medium | Perfect passive participle, predicated of Λαιστρυγόνες; roughly ‘likened’. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐπέλθοιεν | punct | high | |
| 28 | ἐποίησε | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 ἐποιήσατο | conj | high | Subject understood as Ὅμηρος. |
| 29 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 28 ἐποίησε | cc | high | |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 28 ἐποίησε | advmod | high | Adverbial ‘also’. |
| 31 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 βασιλέα | det | high | |
| 32 | βασιλέα | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 λέγοντα | obj | high | Accusative subject of the following infinitive. |
| 33 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 34 Φαιάκων | det | high | |
| 34 | Φαιάκων | Φαίαξ | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 βασιλέα | nmod:poss | high | |
| 35 | λέγοντα | λέγω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 28 ἐποίησε | xcomp | high | Participial complement describing βασιλέα. |
| 36 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 35 λέγοντα | xcomp | high | |
| 37 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 Φαίακας | det | high | |
| 38 | Φαίακας | Φαίαξ | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 36 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative predicate subject of εἶναι. |
| 39 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 40 ἐγγὺς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἐγγύς. |
| 40 | ἐγγὺς | ἐγγύς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 36 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate complement of εἶναι. |
| 41 | ὥσπερ | ὥσπερ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 42 Κύκλωπας | mark | high | Comparative marker. |
| 42 | Κύκλωπας | Κύκλωψ | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 40 ἐγγὺς | obl | high | Comparative complement: ‘near the gods like the Cyclopes’. |
| 43 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 46 ἔθνος | cc | high | |
| 44 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 46 ἔθνος | det | high | |
| 45 | γιγάντων | γίγας | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 46 ἔθνος | nmod | high | |
| 46 | ἔθνος | ἔθνος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 40 ἐγγὺς | conj | high | Second comparative object coordinated with Κύκλωπας; coordinated under ἐγγύς. |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἐποίησε | punct | high |
ἔν τε οὖν τούτοις δηλοῖ θνητοὺς ὄντας καὶ οὐ θεῖον γένος τοὺς γίγαντας καὶ σαφέστερον ἐν τῷδε ἔτι,
The subject is an implicit author/observer with δηλοῖ; τοὺς γίγαντας is the accusative object, with θνητοὺς ὄντας and οὐ θεῖον γένος predicated of it. The final καὶ σαφέστερον ἐν τῷδε ἔτι is an elliptical continuation, probably modifying an implicit δηλοῖ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 4 τούτοις | case | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 δηλοῖ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | ADV | _ | 5 δηλοῖ | advmod | high | Postpositive inferential particle. |
| 4 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | PD-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 5 δηλοῖ | obl | high | Dative with ἐν. |
| 5 | δηλοῖ | δηλόω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | θνητοὺς | θνητός | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ὄντας | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative with ὄντας. |
| 7 | ὄντας | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 γίγαντας | acl | high | Supplementary participle agreeing with τοὺς γίγαντας. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 γένος | cc | high | |
| 9 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 11 γένος | advmod | high | |
| 10 | θεῖον | θεῖος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 γένος | amod | medium | Agrees with γένος; the phrase is a coordinated predicate, with implied εἶναι. |
| 11 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ὄντας | conj | medium | Predicate phrase coordinated with θνητοὺς ὄντας; nominative form retained in the text. |
| 12 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 γίγαντας | det | high | |
| 13 | γίγαντας | γίγας | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 δηλοῖ | obj | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 σαφέστερον | cc | medium | Coordinates the elliptical second assertion. |
| 15 | σαφέστερον | σαφής | ADV | A-NSN-C | Degree=Cmp | 5 δηλοῖ | advmod | medium | Adverbial comparative, modifying an implicit or repeated δηλοῖ. |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 17 τῷδε | case | high | |
| 17 | τῷδε | ὅδε | PRON | PD-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 15 σαφέστερον | obl | high | Dative with ἐν; substantive/elliptical reference. |
| 18 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 15 σαφέστερον | advmod | high | |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 δηλοῖ | punct | high |
ὅς ποθʼ ὑπερθύμοισι γιγάντεσσιν βασίλευεν· ἀλλʼ ὁ μὲν ὤλεσε λαὸν ἀτάσθαλον, ὤλετο δʼ αὐτός.
Relative clause: ὅς is the subject of βασίλευεν, with dative γιγάντεσσιν as the governed complement. The coordinated clauses contrast the destruction of the people with the king's own destruction; ὁ refers back to the subject, and αὐτός is emphatic.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅς | ὅς | PRON | Pronominal relative, nominative masculine singular | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 5 βασίλευεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | ποθʼ | ποτε | ADV | Adverb | _ | 5 βασίλευεν | advmod | high | Crasis/apocope spelling of ποτε. |
| 3 | ὑπερθύμοισι | ὑπέρθυμος | ADJ | Adjective, dative masculine plural | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 γιγάντεσσιν | amod | high | |
| 4 | γιγάντεσσιν | γίγας | NOUN | Noun, dative masculine plural | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 βασίλευεν | obl | high | Epic dative plural in -εσσιν. |
| 5 | βασίλευεν | βασιλεύω | VERB | Imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 βασίλευεν | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἀλλʼ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | Coordinating conjunction | _ | 10 ὤλεσε | cc | high | Elided form of ἀλλά. |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Definite article, nominative masculine singular | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ὤλεσε | nsubj | medium | Substantival article, referring to the preceding male subject. |
| 9 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Particle | _ | 10 ὤλεσε | discourse | high | |
| 10 | ὤλεσε | ὄλλυμι | VERB | Aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 βασίλευεν | conj | high | |
| 11 | λαὸν | λαός | NOUN | Noun, accusative masculine singular | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ὤλεσε | obj | high | |
| 12 | ἀτάσθαλον | ἀτάσθαλος | ADJ | Adjective, accusative masculine singular | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 λαὸν | amod | high | Agrees with λαόν. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ὤλεσε | punct | high | |
| 14 | ὤλετο | ὄλλυμι | VERB | Aorist middle indicative, 3rd person singular | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 10 ὤλεσε | conj | high | Intransitive middle, ‘perished’. |
| 15 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | Coordinating conjunction | _ | 14 ὤλετο | cc | high | Elided form of δέ. |
| 16 | αὐτός | αὐτός | PRON | Intensive pronoun, nominative masculine singular | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 14 ὤλετο | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ὤλεσε | punct | high |
ἐθέλουσι δʼ αὐτῷ λαὸς ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν ἀνθρώπων οἱ πολλοὶ καλεῖσθαι.
The construction has ἐθέλουσι as the root verb with accusative-and-infinitive: αὐτῷ is the dative possessor/experiencer with λαός as nominative subject of καλεῖσθαι; ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν is a locative phrase, and ἀνθρώπων modifies ἔπεσιν. The syntax is somewhat compressed, so the attachment of αὐτῷ is noted as uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐθέλουσι | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | X | _ | 1 ἐθέλουσι | cc | high | Apodotic/continuative particle. |
| 3 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 καλεῖσθαι | iobj | medium | Likely dative of possession or reference with the infinitival predication; attachment is somewhat compressed. |
| 4 | λαὸς | λαός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 καλεῖσθαι | nsubj | medium | Subject of καλεῖσθαι in the infinitival construction. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 7 ἔπεσιν | case | high | |
| 6 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἔπεσιν | det | high | |
| 7 | ἔπεσιν | ἔπος | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 καλεῖσθαι | obl | high | Object of ἐν; ἀνθρώπων is a genitive modifier. |
| 8 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἔπεσιν | nmod | high | |
| 9 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 πολλοὶ | det | high | |
| 10 | πολλοὶ | πολύς | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἔπεσιν | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the many’; likely appositional/specifying with ἀνθρώπων. |
| 11 | καλεῖσθαι | καλέω | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 1 ἐθέλουσι | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἐθέλουσι; passive ‘be called’. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐθέλουσι | punct | high |