Grammar parses for passage 8.29.3
Open translation for this passage
δράκοντας δὲ ἀντὶ ποδῶν τοῖς γίγασιν εἶναι, πολλαχῇ τε ὁ λόγος ἄλλῃ καὶ ἐν τῷδε ἐδείχθη μάλιστα ὡς ἔστιν εὐήθης.
Infinitival clause δράκοντας ... εἶναι is the subject of ἐδείχθη; δράκοντας is a predicative accusative with γίγασιν as its dative experiencer/possessor. ὡς introduces the content of the demonstration, with εὐήθης predicated of ὁ λόγος; πολλαχῇ ... ἐν τῷδε are adverbial frames. The exact attachment of δὲ and τε is mildly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δράκοντας | δράκων | NOUN | N-A-Μ-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative with εἶναι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἐδείχθη | cc | medium | Postpositive connective; attachment to the main clause is conventional but approximate. |
| 3 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 ποδῶν | case | high | |
| 4 | ποδῶν | πούς | NOUN | N-G-M-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 δράκοντας | nmod | high | Genitive governed by ἀντί. |
| 5 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-D-M-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 γίγασιν | det | high | |
| 6 | γίγασιν | γίγας | NOUN | N-D-M-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 εἶναι | iobj | high | Dative with εἶναι, expressing the Giants as the relevant possessors/subjects. |
| 7 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 17 ἐδείχθη | csubj | high | Infinitival subject of ἐδείχθη. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐδείχθη | punct | high | |
| 9 | πολλαχῇ | πολλαχῇ | ADV | ADV | _ | 17 ἐδείχθη | advmod | high | Adverbial 'in many places/passages'. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 πολλαχῇ | cc | medium | Correlative particle, coordinating πολλαχῇ with ἐν τῷδε. |
| 11 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-N-M-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 λόγος | det | high | |
| 12 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | N-N-M-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐδείχθη | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐδείχθη. |
| 13 | ἄλλῃ | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-D-F-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 πολλαχῇ | advmod | high | Adverbial dative modifying πολλαχῇ, 'in another [way/place]'. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἐδείχθη | cc | high | Coordinates the adverbial frames. |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 τῷδε | case | high | |
| 16 | τῷδε | ὅδε | PRON | D-D-M-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 17 ἐδείχθη | obl | high | Dative of sphere with ἐν; refers to this passage/case. |
| 17 | ἐδείχθη | δείκνυμι | VERB | V-API-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 18 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | ADV | Degree=Sup | 17 ἐδείχθη | advmod | high | |
| 19 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 ἔστιν | mark | high | Introduces the content clause. |
| 20 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 17 ἐδείχθη | ccomp | high | Finite verb of the ὡς-content clause. |
| 21 | εὐήθης | εὐήθης | ADJ | A-N-M-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἔστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with understood subject ὁ λόγος. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐδείχθη | punct | high |
Ὀρόντην τὸν Σύρων ποταμὸν οὐ τὰ πάντα ἐν ἰσοπέδῳ μέχρι θαλάσσης ῥέοντα, ἀλλὰ ἐπὶ κρημνόν τε ἀπορρῶγα καὶ ἐς κάταντες ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ φερόμενον, ἠθέλησεν ὁ Ῥωμαίων βασιλεὺς ἀναπλεῖσθαι ναυσὶν ἐκ θαλάσσης ἐς Ἀντιόχειαν πόλιν· ἔλυτρον οὖν σὺν πόνῳ τε καὶ δαπάνῃ χρημάτων ὀρυξάμενος ἐπιτήδειον ἐς τὸν ἀνάπλουν, ἐξέτρεψεν ἐς τοῦτο τὸν ποταμόν.
The opening accusative phrase is a participial description of the Orontes, coordinated by οὐ ... ἀλλὰ; ὁ Ῥωμαίων βασιλεύς is the subject of ἠθέλησεν and ἐξέτρεψεν, with ὀρυξάμενος a circumstantial participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ὀρόντην | Ὀρόντης | PROPN | N--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ποταμὸν | appos | high | |
| 2 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ποταμὸν | det | high | |
| 3 | Σύρων | Σύρος | NOUN | N---GPM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ποταμὸν | nmod | high | |
| 4 | ποταμὸν | ποταμός | NOUN | N--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ῥέοντα | obj | high | Object/predicative accusative associated with ῥέοντα. |
| 5 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D--------- | Polarity=Neg | 12 ῥέοντα | advmod | high | |
| 6 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA--APN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 πάντα | det | high | |
| 7 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A--APN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ῥέοντα | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘in all respects/entirely’. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 9 ἰσοπέδῳ | case | high | |
| 9 | ἰσοπέδῳ | ἰσόπεδος | ADJ | A--DSN-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ῥέοντα | obl | high | Substantivized/adverbial dative. |
| 10 | μέχρι | μέχρι | ADP | R--------- | _ | 11 θαλάσσης | case | high | |
| 11 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N---GFS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ῥέοντα | obl | high | |
| 12 | ῥέοντα | ῥέω | VERB | V-PAPASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 26 ἠθέλησεν | advcl | high | Participial description of the river. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ῥέοντα | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 24 φερόμενον | cc | high | |
| 15 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R--------- | _ | 16 κρημνόν | case | high | |
| 16 | κρημνόν | κρημνός | NOUN | N--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 φερόμενον | obl | medium | Direction/goal with ἐπί. |
| 17 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 16 κρημνόν | cc | high | |
| 18 | ἀπορρῶγα | ἀπορρώξ | ADJ | A--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 κρημνόν | amod | medium | Form and attachment are somewhat difficult; likely adjectival ‘steep/broken off’. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 21 κάταντες | cc | high | |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 21 κάταντες | case | high | |
| 21 | κάταντες | κάταντες | ADV | D--------- | _ | 24 φερόμενον | obl | high | Adverbial goal/direction. |
| 22 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | R--------- | _ | 23 αὐτοῦ | case | high | |
| 23 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P----GSM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 24 φερόμενον | obl | high | Refers to the precipice/cliff. |
| 24 | φερόμενον | φέρω | VERB | V-PPMASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 12 ῥέοντα | conj | high | Second coordinated participial description of the river. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 φερόμενον | punct | high | |
| 26 | ἠθέλησεν | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-AAI3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 27 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA--NSM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 βασιλεὺς | det | high | |
| 28 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | ADJ | A---GPM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 βασιλεὺς | amod | high | Substantive ethnic adjective in genitive plural. |
| 29 | βασιλεὺς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N--NSM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἠθέλησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 30 | ἀναπλεῖσθαι | ἀναπλέω | VERB | V-PMN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 26 ἠθέλησεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on ἠθέλησεν. |
| 31 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N---DPM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 30 ἀναπλεῖσθαι | obl | high | Means/instrument. |
| 32 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R--------- | _ | 33 θαλάσσης | case | high | |
| 33 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N---GFS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 ἀναπλεῖσθαι | obl | high | |
| 34 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 35 Ἀντιόχειαν | case | high | |
| 35 | Ἀντιόχειαν | Ἀντιόχεια | PROPN | N--ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 ἀναπλεῖσθαι | obl | high | |
| 36 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N--ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 Ἀντιόχειαν | appos | high | |
| 37 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἠθέλησεν | punct | high | |
| 38 | ἔλυτρον | ἔλυτρον | NOUN | N--NSN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 52 ἐξέτρεψεν | nsubj | medium | Nominal subject of ἐξέτρεψεν; construction is elliptical/semantically unusual. |
| 39 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D--------- | _ | 52 ἐξέτρεψεν | advmod | high | |
| 40 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 41 πόνῳ | case | high | |
| 41 | πόνῳ | πόνος | NOUN | N--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 46 ὀρυξάμενος | obl | high | |
| 42 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 41 πόνῳ | cc | high | |
| 43 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 44 δαπάνῃ | cc | high | |
| 44 | δαπάνῃ | δαπάνη | NOUN | N--DSF-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 46 ὀρυξάμενος | obl | high | |
| 45 | χρημάτων | χρῆμα | NOUN | N---GPN-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 44 δαπάνῃ | nmod | high | |
| 46 | ὀρυξάμενος | ὀρύσσω | VERB | V-AMPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 52 ἐξέτρεψεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with the implicit/explicit royal subject. |
| 47 | ἐπιτήδειον | ἐπιτήδειος | ADJ | A--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 46 ὀρυξάμενος | obj | medium | Substantivized object: a suitable [channel/cut]. |
| 48 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 50 ἀνάπλουν | case | high | |
| 49 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 50 ἀνάπλουν | det | high | |
| 50 | ἀνάπλουν | ἀνάπλους | NOUN | N--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 46 ὀρυξάμενος | obl | high | |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 46 ὀρυξάμενος | punct | high | |
| 52 | ἐξέτρεψεν | ἐκτρέπω | VERB | V-AAI3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second coordinated main verb after the strong punctuation. |
| 53 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 54 τοῦτο | case | high | |
| 54 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD--ASN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 52 ἐξέτρεψεν | obl | high | |
| 55 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 56 ποταμόν | det | high | |
| 56 | ποταμόν | ποταμός | NOUN | N--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 52 ἐξέτρεψεν | obj | high | |
| 57 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 52 ἐξέτρεψεν | punct | high |