Grammar parses for passage 8.3.3
Open translation for this passage
ἀπὸ δὲ Ἑλισσόντος ἥ τε πόλις καὶ ὁ ποταμὸς Ἑλισσὼν τὰ ὀνόματα ἐσχήκασιν, ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ Μακαρία τε καὶ Δασέα καὶ Τραπεζοῦς ἀπὸ τῶν Λυκάονος ἐκλήθησαν καὶ αὗται παίδων.
The first clause has coordinated subjects πόλις and ποταμός with ἐσχήκασιν; the second coordinates three feminine place names and adds a resumptive αὗται with passive ἐκλήθησαν. The final bare genitive παίδων is syntactically difficult and is retained as an oblique dependent with low semantic certainty.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 3 Ἑλισσόντος | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἐσχήκασιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἑλισσόντος | Ἑλισσών | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐσχήκασιν | obl | high | Object of ἀπό; place name. |
| 4 | ἥ | ὁ | DET | D-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 πόλις | det | high | |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 πόλις | cc | high | |
| 6 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐσχήκασιν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ποταμὸς | cc | high | |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | D-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ποταμὸς | det | high | |
| 9 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐσχήκασιν | nsubj | high | Coordinated subject with πόλις. |
| 10 | Ἑλισσὼν | Ἑλισσών | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ποταμὸς | appos | high | Name apposed to ποταμός. |
| 11 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | D-NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ὀνόματα | det | high | |
| 12 | ὀνόματα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἐσχήκασιν | obj | high | Internal accusative-like object of ἔχω, naming expression. |
| 13 | ἐσχήκασιν | ἔχω | VERB | V-RPA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect-form morphology: active perfect 3pl; semantically ‘have borne/received’ names. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐσχήκασιν | punct | high | |
| 15 | ὡσαύτως | ὡσαύτως | ADV | ADV | _ | 27 ἐκλήθησαν | advmod | high | |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ἐκλήθησαν | cc | high | |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 Μακαρία | cc | high | Correlative/additive coordination. |
| 18 | Μακαρία | Μακαρία | PROPN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἐκλήθησαν | nsubj | high | First coordinated subject. |
| 19 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 Μακαρία | cc | high | |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 Δασέα | cc | high | |
| 21 | Δασέα | Δασέα | PROPN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἐκλήθησαν | nsubj | high | Coordinated subject. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 Τραπεζοῦς | cc | high | |
| 23 | Τραπεζοῦς | Τραπεζοῦς | PROPN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἐκλήθησαν | nsubj | high | Coordinated subject. |
| 24 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 26 Λυκάονος | case | high | |
| 25 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | D-GMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 Λυκάονος | det | high | |
| 26 | Λυκάονος | Λυκάων | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἐκλήθησαν | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό. |
| 27 | ἐκλήθησαν | καλέω | VERB | V-AI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 13 ἐσχήκασιν | conj | high | Passive ‘were called/named’. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 29 αὗται | cc | high | |
| 29 | αὗται | οὗτος | PRON | D-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 27 ἐκλήθησαν | nsubj | high | Resumptive subject referring to the three names. |
| 30 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | N-GMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἐκλήθησαν | obl | medium | Bare genitive, likely source/ancestral relation: ‘of children’; exact construction is uncertain. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐσχήκασιν | punct | high |
Ὀρχομενὸς δὲ ἐγένετο οἰκιστὴς Μεθυδρίου τε καλουμένης καὶ Ὀρχομενίων, οὓς ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσι πολυμήλους ὠνόμασεν Ὅμηρος.
Ἐγένετο takes the predicate nominative οἰκιστής and genitive complements naming the settlements; καλουμένης agrees with Μεθυδρίου, while οὓς refers to Ὀρχομενίων and is the object of ὠνόμασεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ὀρχομενὸς | Ὀρχομενός | PROPN | N--S----N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἐγένετο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V2SAMI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | οἰκιστὴς | οἰκιστής | NOUN | N--S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐγένετο | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with γίγνομαι. |
| 5 | Μεθυδρίου | Μεθύδριον | PROPN | Ne-SG---G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 οἰκιστὴς | nmod | high | |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 Μεθυδρίου | cc | high | |
| 7 | καλουμένης | καλέω | VERB | V-PMPGFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 5 Μεθυδρίου | acl | high | Agrees grammatically with feminine understood χώρα/πόλις; the neuter name itself is indeclinable in reference. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 Ὀρχομενίων | cc | high | |
| 9 | Ὀρχομενίων | Ὀρχομενός | PROPN | N--P---G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 οἰκιστὴς | conj | high | Coordinated genitive complement of οἰκιστής. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 Ὀρχομενίων | punct | high | |
| 11 | οὓς | ὅς | PRON | P--PAM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ὠνόμασεν | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Ὀρχομενίων. |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 ἔπεσι | case | high | |
| 13 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-PNPD--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἔπεσι | det | high | |
| 14 | ἔπεσι | ἔπος | NOUN | N-PND---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 ὠνόμασεν | obl | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 15 | πολυμήλους | πολύμηλος | ADJ | A--PA---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 οὓς | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with οὓς under ὠνόμασεν; some analyses treat it as an object-oriented predicative complement. |
| 16 | ὠνόμασεν | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-AAI3S--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 ἐγένετο | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 17 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N--S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ὠνόμασεν | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐγένετο | punct | high |
ὑπὸ δὲ Ὑψοῦντος καὶ Μελαινεαί τε ἐκτίσθησαν καὶ Ὑψοῦς, ἔτι δὲ Θυραῖόν τε καὶ Αἱμονιαί·
The passive ἐκτίσθησαν has a compound agent phrase ὑπὸ Ὑψοῦντος and coordinated nominative city names; the final names continue the coordination elliptically under the same verb. Ὑψοῦντος is treated as a proper-name genitive, though an appellative interpretation is possible.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 3 Ὑψοῦντος | case | high | Introduces the agent of the passive verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 7 ἐκτίσθησαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ὑψοῦντος | Ὑψοῦς | PROPN | Nbmg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐκτίσθησαν | obl:agent | medium | Proper-name genitive governed by ὑπό; exact name morphology is somewhat uncertain. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 5 Μελαινεαί | cc | high | Coordinates the first city-name subject. |
| 5 | Μελαινεαί | Μελαινεαί | PROPN | Nbfnp | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἐκτίσθησαν | nsubj:pass | high | First coordinated subject, a plural place-name. |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 5 Μελαινεαί | cc | high | Enclitic coordinator paired with καί. |
| 7 | ἐκτίσθησαν | κτίζω | VERB | V3PPAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite passive verb, ‘were founded’. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 9 Ὑψοῦς | cc | high | Coordinates the second subject name. |
| 9 | Ὑψοῦς | Ὑψοῦς | PROPN | Nbfns | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐκτίσθησαν | conj | medium | Coordinated nominative place-name; number differs from the plural first subject. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | U | _ | 7 ἐκτίσθησαν | punct | high | Comma. |
| 11 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D | _ | 7 ἐκτίσθησαν | advmod | high | Adverb meaning ‘still/further’. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 7 ἐκτίσθησαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective introducing further coordinated names. |
| 13 | Θυραῖόν | Θυραῖος | PROPN | Nbans | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐκτίσθησαν | conj | medium | Coordinated place-name; neuter nominative singular form. |
| 14 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 13 Θυραῖόν | cc | high | Enclitic coordinator. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 16 Αἱμονιαί | cc | high | Coordinates the final place-name. |
| 16 | Αἱμονιαί | Αἱμονιαί | PROPN | Nbfnp | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 Θυραῖόν | conj | medium | Further coordinated place-name; attachment within the τε καί pair is somewhat uncertain. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | U | _ | 7 ἐκτίσθησαν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
δόξῃ δὲ τῇ Ἀρκάδων καὶ ἡ Θυρέα ἡ ἐν τῇ Ἀργολίδι γῇ καὶ ὁ Θυρεάτης καλούμενος κόλπος ἀπὸ τοῦ Θυραίου τούτου τὰ ὀνόματα ἐσχήκασι.
The dative phrase δόξῃ τῇ Ἀρκάδων is coordinated with the two subjects Θυρέα and κόλπος and likely means ‘in the opinion/name of the Arcadians’; ἐσχήκασι governs τὰ ὀνόματα, with ἀπὸ τοῦ Θυραίου τούτου indicating the source. The exact semantic force of δόξῃ is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δόξῃ | δόξα | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἐσχήκασι | obl | medium | Dative of respect or sphere, probably ‘in the opinion/name’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 ἐσχήκασι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 δόξῃ | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | Ne----G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 δόξῃ | nmod | high | Ethnic name used substantivally; form is genitive plural. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 Θυρέα | cc | high | Coordinates the two named subjects. |
| 6 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Θυρέα | det | high | |
| 7 | Θυρέα | Θυρέα | PROPN | Ne----S- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἐσχήκασι | nsubj | high | Place name, nominative singular feminine. |
| 8 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L--NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Θυρέα | det | high | |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 γῇ | case | high | |
| 10 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 γῇ | det | high | |
| 11 | Ἀργολίδι | Ἀργολίς | PROPN | Ne----D- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 γῇ | amod | high | Adjectival regional name agreeing with γῇ. |
| 12 | γῇ | γῆ | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Θυρέα | obl | high | Locative complement of ἐν. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 κόλπος | cc | high | Coordinates κόλπος with Θυρέα. |
| 14 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 κόλπος | det | high | |
| 15 | Θυρεάτης | Θυρεάτης | ADJ | A--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 κόλπος | amod | high | Ethnic adjective modifying κόλπος. |
| 16 | καλούμενος | καλέω | VERB | V-PMPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 17 κόλπος | acl | high | Predicative/passive participle, ‘called’. |
| 17 | κόλπος | κόλπος | NOUN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἐσχήκασι | conj | high | Second coordinated nominative subject. |
| 18 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 Θυραίου | case | high | |
| 19 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Θυραίου | det | high | |
| 20 | Θυραίου | Θυραῖος | PROPN | Ne----G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 καλούμενος | obl | high | Genitive object of ἀπό within the participial phrase. |
| 21 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | RD--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 20 Θυραίου | det | high | Demonstrative modifying Θυραίου. |
| 22 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L--NAP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 ὀνόματα | det | high | |
| 23 | ὀνόματα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N--NAP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 ἐσχήκασι | obj | high | Direct object of ἐσχήκασι. |
| 24 | ἐσχήκασι | ἔχω | VERB | V-RAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect active, third-person plural. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐσχήκασι | punct | high |