Grammar parses for passage 8.3.4
Open translation for this passage
Μαντινεὺς δὲ καὶ Τεγεάτης καὶ Μαίναλος, ὁ μὲν τῶν ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ πόλεων ὀνομαστοτάτην τὸ ἀρχαῖον Μαίναλον, Τεγεάτης δὲ καὶ Μαντινεὺς Τεγέαν κτίζουσι καὶ Μαντίνειαν.
The sentence has a compressed first μὲν clause involving Μαίναλος and an implied verb; the overt finite verb κτίζουσι governs the coordinated founders and city-name objects.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μαντινεὺς | Μαντινεύς | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 κτίζουσι | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 Μαντινεὺς | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 Τεγεάτης | cc | high | |
| 4 | Τεγεάτης | Τεγεάτης | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 κτίζουσι | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 Μαίναλος | cc | high | |
| 6 | Μαίναλος | Μαίναλος | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 κτίζουσι | nsubj | medium | Coordinated nominative subject; appositional/topic structure is compressed. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 κτίζουσι | punct | high | |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | P-GNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ὀνομαστοτάτην | det | medium | Article in the μὲν clause, with an elliptical/irregular nominal construction. |
| 9 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 24 κτίζουσι | discourse | high | |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | P-GNPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 πόλεων | det | high | |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 Ἀρκαδίᾳ | case | high | |
| 12 | Ἀρκαδίᾳ | Ἀρκαδία | PROPN | N--DSF- | Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 πόλεων | nmod | high | Dative governed by ἐν. |
| 13 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | N--GFP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ὀνομαστοτάτην | nmod | high | |
| 14 | ὀνομαστοτάτην | ὀνομαστός | ADJ | A--ASF-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 Μαίναλον | amod | high | |
| 15 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | P-GNSN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἀρχαῖον | det | medium | Article likely marks the substantivized temporal phrase τὸ ἀρχαῖον. |
| 16 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A--NSN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 κτίζουσι | advmod | medium | Substantivized temporal accusative, ‘in ancient times’; form is ambiguous in isolation. |
| 17 | Μαίναλον | Μαίναλος | PROPN | N--ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 κτίζουσι | obj | high | |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 κτίζουσι | punct | high | |
| 19 | Τεγεάτης | Τεγεάτης | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 κτίζουσι | nsubj | high | |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 Τεγεάτης | cc | high | |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 Μαντινεὺς | cc | high | |
| 22 | Μαντινεὺς | Μαντινεύς | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 κτίζουσι | nsubj | high | |
| 23 | Τεγέαν | Τεγέα | PROPN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 κτίζουσι | obj | high | |
| 24 | κτίζουσι | κτίζω | VERB | V- PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 Μαντίνειαν | cc | high | |
| 26 | Μαντίνειαν | Μαντίνεια | PROPN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 κτίζουσι | obj | high | |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 κτίζουσι | punct | high |
ὠνομάσθησαν δὲ καὶ ἀπὸ Κρώμου Κρῶμοι, καὶ Χαρισία Χαρίσιον ἔχουσα οἰκιστήν, Τρικόλωνοι δὲ ἀπὸ Τρικολώνου, καὶ ἀπὸ μὲν Περαίθου Περαιθεῖς, Ἀσέα δὲ ἀπὸ Ἀσεάτα καὶ ἀπὸ Λυκέως Λυκόα καὶ Σουματία ἀπὸ Σουματέως·
Coordination of place-name etymologies under ὠνομάσθησαν; Χαρισία and Σουματία are nominative subjects of participial/elliptical clauses, while the quoted place names are predicate nominatives or appositional subjects. Some proper-name accentuation and lexical lemmas are uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὠνομάσθησαν | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ὠνομάσθησαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ὠνομάσθησαν | cc | high | |
| 4 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Κρώμου | case | high | |
| 5 | Κρώμου | Κρῶμος | PROPN | N- GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Κρῶμοι | nmod | medium | Proper-name inflection. |
| 6 | Κρῶμοι | Κρῶμος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ὠνομάσθησαν | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 Κρῶμοι | punct | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 Χαρισία | cc | high | |
| 9 | Χαρισία | Χαρισία | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ὠνομάσθησαν | nsubj:pass | medium | Coordinated/elliptical naming clause. |
| 10 | Χαρίσιον | Χαρίσιον | PROPN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 Χαρισία | appos | medium | Place name; nominative/accusative form syncretic. |
| 11 | ἔχουσα | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 Χαρισία | acl | high | |
| 12 | οἰκιστήν | οἰκιστής | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἔχουσα | obj | high | |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 Χαρισία | punct | high | |
| 14 | Τρικόλωνοι | Τρικόλωνος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ὠνομάσθησαν | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 Τρικόλωνοι | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 Τρικολώνου | case | high | |
| 17 | Τρικολώνου | Τρικόλωνος | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Τρικόλωνοι | nmod | high | |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 Τρικόλωνοι | punct | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 Περαιθεῖς | cc | high | |
| 20 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 22 Περαίθου | case | high | |
| 21 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 23 Περαιθεῖς | discourse | high | |
| 22 | Περαίθου | Περαίθος | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 Περαιθεῖς | nmod | medium | Proper-name lemma normalized to nominative. |
| 23 | Περαιθεῖς | Περαιθεύς | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ὠνομάσθησαν | nsubj:pass | medium | Proper-name morphology and lemma uncertain. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 Περαιθεῖς | punct | high | |
| 25 | Ἀσέα | Ἀσέα | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ὠνομάσθησαν | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 Ἀσέα | cc | high | |
| 27 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 28 Ἀσεάτα | case | high | |
| 28 | Ἀσεάτα | Ἀσεάτης | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 Ἀσέα | nmod | medium | Proper-name form/lemma uncertain. |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 32 Λυκόα | cc | high | |
| 30 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 31 Λυκέως | case | high | |
| 31 | Λυκέως | Λυκεύς | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 Λυκόα | nmod | medium | Proper-name lemma normalized; etymological relation is clear. |
| 32 | Λυκόα | Λυκόα | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ὠνομάσθησαν | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 33 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 34 Σουματία | cc | high | |
| 34 | Σουματία | Σουματία | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ὠνομάσθησαν | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 35 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 36 Σουματέως | case | high | |
| 36 | Σουματέως | Σουματεύς | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 Σουματία | nmod | medium | Proper-name lemma normalized from genitive. |
| 37 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ὠνομάσθησαν | punct | high |
Ἀλίφηρος δὲ καὶ Ἡραιεὺς ἐπώνυμοι καὶ οὗτοι πόλεσίν εἰσιν ἀμφότεροι.
The two place-names are coordinated subjects with the predicate adjective ἐπώνυμοι; οὗτοι resumes them, and πόλεσίν is a predicate dative with εἰσιν. The phrase καὶ οὗτοι is coordinated/continuative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀλίφηρος | Ἀλίφηρος | PROPN | Neut?Nom?Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπώνυμοι | nsubj | medium | Place-name; form is morphologically ambiguous, but functions as a coordinated subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐπώνυμοι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 Ἡραιεὺς | cc | high | Coordinates the two place-names. |
| 4 | Ἡραιεὺς | Ἡραιεύς | PROPN | Masc.Nom.Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπώνυμοι | nsubj | high | Place-name, coordinated subject. |
| 5 | ἐπώνυμοι | ἐπώνυμος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 εἰσιν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with εἰσιν; plural agreement with the two named cities. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 οὗτοι | cc | high | Coordinates the resumptive οὗτοι with the preceding assertion. |
| 7 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | D-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 9 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Resumptive demonstrative subject, referring to Ἀλίφηρος and Ἡραιεύς. |
| 8 | πόλεσίν | πόλις | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 εἰσιν | xcomp | high | Predicate dative of εἰσιν: ‘are cities’. |
| 9 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 10 | ἀμφότεροι | ἀμφότερος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 εἰσιν | advmod | medium | ‘Both’; qualifying the plural subject, with adverbial/distributive force. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 εἰσιν | punct | high |