Grammar parses for passage 8.30.8
Open translation for this passage
Μεγαλοπολίταις δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἐστιν ὄπισθεν τοῦ περιβόλου τοῦ ἀνειμένου τῷ Λυκαίῳ Διὶ ἀνὴρ ἐπειργασμένος ἐπὶ στήλῃ, Πολύβιος Λυκόρτα·
Main clause is existential/coplanar with several locative phrases; the participial modifiers ἀνειμένου and ἐπειργασμένος attach to nearby nouns, with some uncertainty in the first participle’s agreement/function.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μεγαλοπολίταις | Μεγαλοπολίτης | PROPN | NNPM---d | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐστιν | iobj | high | Dative of reference/beneficiary with ἐστιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 6 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 ἀγορᾶς | case | high | Governs the genitive ἀγορᾶς. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RAFS---g- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἀγορᾶς | det | high | Article with ἀγορᾶς. |
| 5 | ἀγορᾶς | ἀγορά | NOUN | N-ASF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | obl | high | Prepositional phrase modifying ἐστιν. |
| 6 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb. |
| 7 | ὄπισθεν | ὄπισθεν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 6 ἐστιν | advmod | medium | Adverbial spatial marker taking genitive complement. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RAIS---g- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 περιβόλου | det | high | Article with περιβόλου. |
| 9 | περιβόλου | περίβολος | NOUN | N-GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ὄπισθεν | obl | high | Genitive complement of ὄπισθεν. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RAIS---g- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 ἀνειμένου | det | high | Article with ἀνειμένου. |
| 11 | ἀνειμένου | ἀνίημι | VERB | V-PPM--G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 9 περιβόλου | amod | medium | Participle modifying περιβόλου; agreement is a bit irregular but likely substantival attributive. |
| 12 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RAIS---d- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Διὶ | det | high | Article with Λυκαίῳ. |
| 13 | Λυκαίῳ | Λύκαιος | PROPN | A-DSM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Διὶ | amod | high | Epithet modifying Διί. |
| 14 | Διὶ | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-DSM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀνειμένου | obl | high | Dative governed by ἀνίημι/ἀνειμένου in sense of dedication or relation. |
| 15 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 16 | ἐπειργασμένος | ἐπειργάζομαι | VERB | V-PRM-SNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 15 ἀνὴρ | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying ἀνήρ. |
| 17 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 στήλῃ | case | high | Governs dative στήλῃ. |
| 18 | στήλῃ | στήλη | NOUN | N-DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐπειργασμένος | obl | high | Locative/instrumental phrase with participle. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐπειργασμένος | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 20 | Πολύβιος | Πολύβιος | PROPN | N-NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἀνὴρ | appos | high | Apposition to ἀνήρ. |
| 21 | Λυκόρτα | Λυκόρτας | PROPN | N-NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Πολύβιος | flat | medium | Second name in appositional/name string; case inflection is nominally genitive/uncertain in form. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
γέγραπται δὲ καὶ ἐλεγεῖα ἐπʼ αὐτῷ λέγοντα ὡς ἐπὶ γῆν καὶ θάλασσαν πᾶσαν πλανηθείη, καὶ ὅτι σύμμαχος γένοιτο Ῥωμαίων καὶ παύσειεν αὐτοὺς ὀργῆς τῆς ἐς τὸ Ἑλληνικόν.
The syntax is layered quotation: two ὅτι/ὡς content clauses depend on λέγοντα, which itself modifies ἐλεγεῖα; the genitive ὀργῆς with Ἑλληνικόν is semantically somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γέγραπται | γράφω | VERB | V-PerfP/Dep-Ind-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 γέγραπται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 ἐλεγεῖα | cc | high | Connects ἐλεγεῖα with the following quoted content. |
| 4 | ἐλεγεῖα | ἐλεγεῖον | NOUN | N-AccNeutPl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 γέγραπται | obj | medium | Likely accusative object of γέγραπται, though semantics are slightly elliptical. |
| 5 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | P-Acc | Case=Acc | 6 αὐτῷ | case | high | Preposition with αὐτῷ. |
| 6 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | PPro-DatSgM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 4 ἐλεγεῖα | nmod | medium | Dative complement of ἐπʼ modifying ἐλεγεῖα. |
| 7 | λέγοντα | λέγω | VERB | V-PresAct-Part-AccNeutPl | Aspect=Imp|Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 ἐλεγεῖα | acl | high | Participle agreeing with ἐλεγεῖα. |
| 8 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 14 πλανηθείη | mark | high | Introduces content clause. |
| 9 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P-Acc | Case=Acc | 10 γῆν | case | high | Preposition with γῆν. |
| 10 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-AccSgFem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 πλανηθείη | obl | high | Part of prepositional phrase modifying πλανηθείη. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 θάλασσαν | cc | high | Connects coordinated object. |
| 12 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-AccSgFem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 γῆν | conj | high | Coordinated with γῆν. |
| 13 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-AccSgFem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 θάλασσαν | amod | high | Modifies θάλασσαν; scope likely over the coordinated phrase. |
| 14 | πλανηθείη | πλανάω | VERB | V-AorPass-Opt-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 7 λέγοντα | ccomp | high | Optative verb in reported content. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 πλανηθείη | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 γένοιτο | cc | high | Connects second reported clause. |
| 17 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | _ | _ | 19 γένοιτο | mark | high | Introduces reported statement. |
| 18 | σύμμαχος | σύμμαχος | ADJ | A-NomSgMasc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 γένοιτο | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement; could be analyzed as nominal predicate. |
| 19 | γένοιτο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AorMid-Opt-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 7 λέγοντα | ccomp | high | Optative verb in reported content. |
| 20 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | ADJ | A-GenPlMasc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 σύμμαχος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of σύμμαχος. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 22 παύσειεν | cc | high | Connects coordinated optative verb. |
| 22 | παύσειεν | παύω | VERB | V-AorAct-Opt-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 19 γένοιτο | conj | high | Coordinated with γένοιτο. |
| 23 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | PPro-AccPlM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 22 παύσειεν | obj | high | Direct object of παύσειεν. |
| 24 | ὀργῆς | ὀργή | NOUN | N-GenSgFem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 παύσειεν | obl | high | Genitive with παύω, expressing cessation from anger. |
| 25 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GenSgFem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 ὀργῆς | det | high | Article modifying ὀργῆς. |
| 26 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P-Acc | Case=Acc | 28 Ἑλληνικόν | case | high | Preposition with Ἑλληνικόν. |
| 27 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-AccSgNeut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 Ἑλληνικόν | det | high | Article modifying Ἑλληνικόν. |
| 28 | Ἑλληνικόν | Ἑλληνικός | ADJ | A-AccSgNeut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ὀργῆς | nmod | medium | Prepositional modifier of ὀργῆς; likely 'toward the Greek nation/Greek affair'. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 γέγραπται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
συνέγραψε δὲ ὁ Πολύβιος οὗτος καὶ ἄλλα ἔργα Ῥωμαίων καὶ ὡς Καρχηδονίοις κατέστησαν ἐς πόλεμον, αἰτία τε ἥτις ἐγένετο αὐτοῦ καὶ ὡς ὀψὲ
The excerpt is syntactically elliptical near αἰτία τε ἥτις ἐγένετο αὐτοῦ and the final ὡς ὀψὲ appears to introduce a following clause that is cut off.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | συνέγραψε | συγγράφω | VERB | V-3AAI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 συνέγραψε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-3MS---- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Πολύβιος | det | high | Article with proper name. |
| 4 | Πολύβιος | Πολύβιος | PROPN | N-3MSN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 συνέγραψε | nsubj | high | Subject. |
| 5 | οὗτος | οὗτος | DET | PD-NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 Πολύβιος | det | high | Demonstrative modifying Πολύβιος. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἄλλα | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 7 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἔργα | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of ἔργα. |
| 8 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | N-APN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 συνέγραψε | obj | high | Object of συνέγραψε. |
| 9 | Ῥωμαίων | Ῥωμαῖος | ADJ | A-PGM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἔργα | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἔργα. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 κατέστησαν | cc | high | Links coordinated clauses/content. |
| 11 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 κατέστησαν | mark | high | Introduces indirect statement/clausal complement. |
| 12 | Καρχηδονίοις | Καρχηδόνιος | ADJ | A-DPM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 κατέστησαν | obl | medium | Dative with κατέστησαν; likely indirect object/goal-like dative. |
| 13 | κατέστησαν | καθίστημι | VERB | V-3AAI-P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 1 συνέγραψε | ccomp | high | Finite subordinate clause. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 πόλεμον | case | high | Preposition. |
| 15 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-ASM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 κατέστησαν | obl | high | Prepositional object. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 συνέγραψε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | αἰτία | αἰτία | NOUN | N-NSF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 συνέγραψε | conj | medium | Likely coordinated with prior object/phrase; syntax somewhat elliptical. |
| 18 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 17 αἰτία | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 19 | ἥτις | ὅστις | PRON | P-NSF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 20 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun. |
| 20 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-3AMI-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 17 αἰτία | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying αἰτία. |
| 21 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 20 ἐγένετο | obl | medium | Genitive argument/possession with γίγνομαι; likely ‘of him’. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 ὀψὲ | cc | high | Connective for next clause/phrase. |
| 23 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 ὀψὲ | mark | high | Introduces next clause. |
| 24 | ὀψὲ | ὀψέ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 1 συνέγραψε | advcl | medium | Likely begins another clause continuing beyond the excerpt. |