Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 8.31.2

← 8.31.1 8.31.3 →

Passage 8.31.2

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4sentences parsed

84Greek tokens

3,033input tokens

6,275output tokens

Sentence 1

8.31.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 19
Input: 728
Output: 1,503
Total: 2,231

θεαὶ δὲ αἱ Μεγάλαι Δημήτηρ μὲν λίθου διὰ πάσης, ἡ δὲ Σώτειρα τὰ ἐσθῆτος ἐχόμενα ξύλου πεποίηται·

The sentence contrasts two goddesses: Δημήτηρ is made entirely of stone, whereas Soter's parts associated with clothing are made of wood. The phrase διὰ πάσης is elliptical for διὰ πάσης [λίθου?] or more naturally ‘entirely’; ἐσθῆτος ἐχόμενα is a neuter plural substantival participle, likely ‘the parts pertaining to clothing.’

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	θεαὶ	θεά	NOUN	N-—-VP--	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	5 Δημήτηρ	nsubj	high	Predicate subject/topic, coordinated contrastively with the two goddess names.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C---	_	18 πεποίηται	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	αἱ	ὁ	DET	RA---NP--	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	4 Μεγάλαι	det	high	Article with Μεγάλαι.
4	Μεγάλαι	μέγας	ADJ	A--NFP--	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	5 Δημήτηρ	amod	high	Epithet modifying Δημήτηρ.
5	Δημήτηρ	Δημήτηρ	PROPN	N------S1	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 πεποίηται	nsubj	high	First goddess subject of πεποίηται; θεαὶ and the two names form an appositional/topic structure.
6	μὲν	μέν	PART	G-----	_	5 Δημήτηρ	discourse	high	First member of μέν...δέ contrast.
7	λίθου	λίθος	NOUN	N----GS--	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 πεποίηται	obl	medium	Material genitive with πεποίηται, ‘of stone’; the construction is somewhat elliptical.
8	διὰ	διά	ADP	R--------	AdpType=Prep	9 πάσης	case	high	Preposition governing πάσης.
9	πάσης	πᾶς	ADJ	A--GFS--	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 λίθου	nmod	low	Feminine genitive singular, apparently elliptical; exact dependency of διὰ πάσης is uncertain.
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	5 Δημήτηρ	punct	high
11	ἡ	ὁ	DET	RA---NS--	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 Σώτειρα	det	high	Article with Σώτειρα.
12	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C---	_	13 Σώτειρα	cc	high	Second member of μέν...δέ contrast.
13	Σώτειρα	Σώτειρα	PROPN	N------S1	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 πεποίηται	nsubj	high	Second goddess subject of πεποίηται.
14	τὰ	ὁ	DET	RA---NP--	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	16 ἐχόμενα	det	high	Article substantivizing or determining the neuter plural participle.
15	ἐσθῆτος	ἐσθής	NOUN	N----GS--	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 ἐχόμενα	obl	medium	Genitive dependent on ἐχόμενα, likely ‘associated with clothing.’
16	ἐχόμενα	ἔχω	VERB	V-PPPNP--	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	18 πεποίηται	obj	medium	Substantival neuter plural present passive participle, ‘the things/parts connected with’; semantic relation is somewhat idiomatic.
17	ξύλου	ξύλον	NOUN	N----GS--	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 πεποίηται	obl	high	Material genitive with πεποίηται, ‘of wood.’
18	πεποίηται	ποιέω	VERB	V-RPMS-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Perfect middle, third singular; coordinated subjects are understood as separate referents but the verb agrees with the nearer singular subject.
19	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	18 πεποίηται	punct	high

Sentence 2

8.31.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 10
Input: 639
Output: 763
Total: 1,402

μέγεθος δὲ ἑκατέρας πέντε που καὶ δέκα εἰσὶ πόδες.

The sentence means approximately ‘the size of each is fifteen feet’; πέντε καὶ δέκα form a compound numeral modifying πόδες, while που qualifies the approximate measurement.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	μέγεθος	μέγεθος	NOUN	N-----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 εἰσὶ	nsubj	high	Subject of εἰσί; neuter singular nominative, with measurement predicate.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	8 εἰσὶ	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἑκατέρας	ἑκάτερος	ADJ	A----GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	1 μέγεθος	nmod	high	Genitive modifying μέγεθος: the size of each of the two.
4	πέντε	πέντε	NUM	M--------	Case=Acc\|Number=Plur	9 πόδες	nummod	medium	First component of the compound numeral modifying πόδες; indeclinable numeral.
5	που	που	PART	X--------	_	4 πέντε	advmod	medium	Enclitic approximative particle, ‘about’.
6	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	7 δέκα	cc	high	Coordinates the numeral components πέντε and δέκα.
7	δέκα	δέκα	NUM	M--------	Case=Acc\|Number=Plur	9 πόδες	nummod	medium	Second component of the compound numeral modifying πόδες; indeclinable numeral.
8	εἰσὶ	εἰμί	VERB	V-PIA-3--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Copular/measurement predicate; plural agreement follows πόδες.
9	πόδες	πούς	NOUN	N-----NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 εἰσὶ	attr	high	Predicate nominative expressing the unit of measure, coordinated with numeral modifiers.
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8 εἰσὶ	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 3

8.31.2 sentence 3

Tokens: 28
Input: 826
Output: 1,927
Total: 2,753

τά τε ἀγάλματα Δαμοφῶν καὶ πρὸ αὐτῶν κόρας ἐποίησεν οὐ μεγάλας, ἐν χιτῶσί τε καθήκουσιν ἐς σφυρὰ καὶ ἀνθῶν ἀνάπλεων ἑκατέρα τάλαρον ἐπὶ τῇ κεφαλῇ φέρει·

The sentence has an initial object coordination under ἐποίησεν, followed by a coordinated clause with implied feminine subject; καθήκουσιν is treated as a descriptive modifier of the maidens, though its exact attachment is somewhat uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τά	ὁ	DET	T--NPA----	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	3 ἀγάλματα	det	high
2	τε	τε	CCONJ	C---------	_	3 ἀγάλματα	cc	high	Correlative τε with καί.
3	ἀγάλματα	ἄγαλμα	NOUN	Nb----PA-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	9 ἐποίησεν	obj	high	Object of ἐποίησεν.
4	Δαμοφῶν	Δαμοφῶν	PROPN	Nb----NS-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 ἀγάλματα	nmod	medium	Genitive of author/attribution.
5	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C---------	_	8 κόρας	cc	high
6	πρὸ	πρό	ADP	R---------	_	8 κόρας	case	high
7	αὐτῶν	αὐτός	PRON	P--------G-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	6 πρὸ	obl	medium	Pronoun governed by πρό; antecedent is the statues.
8	κόρας	κόρη	NOUN	Nb----PA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	9 ἐποίησεν	obj	high	Coordinated object of ἐποίησεν.
9	ἐποίησεν	ποιέω	VERB	V3SAAI---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
10	οὐ	οὐ	PART	D---------	Polarity=Neg	11 μεγάλας	advmod	high
11	μεγάλας	μέγας	ADJ	A--NPA----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	8 κόρας	amod	high	Predicative/object-oriented adjective.
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	9 ἐποίησεν	punct	high
13	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R---------	_	14 χιτῶσί	case	high
14	χιτῶσί	χιτών	NOUN	Nb----PD-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	16 καθήκουσιν	obl	high	Dative governed by ἐν.
15	τε	τε	CCONJ	C---------	_	16 καθήκουσιν	cc	high
16	καθήκουσιν	καθήκω	VERB	V3PPAI---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	22 ἑκατέρα	acl	medium	Participial/relative-like modifier of the maidens, with omitted article or finite descriptive use.
17	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R---------	_	18 σφυρὰ	case	high
18	σφυρὰ	σφυρόν	NOUN	Nb----PA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	16 καθήκουσιν	obl	high	Extent/direction complement of καθήκουσιν.
19	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C---------	_	20 ἀνθῶν	cc	high
20	ἀνθῶν	ἄνθος	NOUN	Nb----PG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	21 ἀνάπλεων	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ἀνάπλεων.
21	ἀνάπλεων	ἀνάπλεως	ADJ	A--NPN----	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	23 τάλαρον	amod	medium	Adjective agreeing with τάλαρον; spelling is epic/contracted variant.
22	ἑκατέρα	ἑκάτερος	ADJ	A--NNS----	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 φέρει	nsubj	high	Subject of φέρει.
23	τάλαρον	τάλαρος	NOUN	Nb----NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	27 φέρει	obj	high	Object of φέρει; masculine noun despite neuter-looking form.
24	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R---------	_	26 κεφαλῇ	case	high
25	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T--FDS----	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	26 κεφαλῇ	det	high
26	κεφαλῇ	κεφαλή	NOUN	Nb----SD-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 φέρει	obl	high	Dative governed by ἐπί.
27	φέρει	φέρω	VERB	V3SPAI---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	9 ἐποίησεν	conj	high	Coordinated finite verb after the comma.
28	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	27 φέρει	punct	high

Sentence 4

8.31.2 sentence 4

Tokens: 27
Input: 840
Output: 2,082
Total: 2,922

εἶναι δὲ θυγατέρες τοῦ Δαμοφῶντος λέγονται, τοῖς δὲ ἐπανάγουσιν ἐς τὸ θειότερον δοκεῖ σφᾶς Ἀθηνᾶν τε εἶναι καὶ Ἄρτεμιν τὰ ἄνθη μετὰ τῆς Περσεφόνης συλλεγούσας.

Two coordinated constructions are present: λέγονται governs an infinitival predicate εἶναι θυγατέρες, while δοκεῖ governs σφᾶς εἶναι Ἀθηνᾶν τε καὶ Ἄρτεμιν, with συλλεγούσας agreeing with the coordinated feminine accusative predicates and taking τὰ ἄνθη as object. The form τοῖς ἐπανάγουσιν is substantival and semantically somewhat elliptical.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	εἶναι	εἰμί	AUX	V--PAN---	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	6 λέγονται	xcomp	high	Infinitive complement of λέγονται.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	--------	_	6 λέγονται	cc	high
3	θυγατέρες	θυγάτηρ	NOUN	N--NFP---	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	1 εἶναι	xcomp	high	Predicate nominative of εἶναι.
4	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 Δαμοφῶντος	det	high
5	Δαμοφῶντος	Δαμοφῶν	PROPN	N-GSM---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 θυγατέρες	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on θυγατέρες.
6	λέγονται	λέγω	VERB	V3PIP---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	high	Passive 'are said'.
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	6 λέγονται	punct	high
8	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPM---	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 ἐπανάγουσιν	det	medium	Substantival article with ἐπανάγουσιν.
9	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	--------	_	14 δοκεῖ	cc	high
10	ἐπανάγουσιν	ἐπανάγω	VERB	V-PAP-DPM	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	14 δοκεῖ	obl	medium	Substantival dative participle, 'those who lead back/refer'; exact semantic relation is elliptical.
11	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R-	_	10 ἐπανάγουσιν	obl	high	Preposition with τὸ θειότερον.
12	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	13 θειότερον	det	high
13	θειότερον	θειότερος	ADJ	A-ASN---	Case=Acc\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	11 ἐς	obl	high	Substantivized comparative, 'the more divine [interpretation]'; object of εἰς.
14	δοκεῖ	δοκέω	VERB	V3SPI---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	6 λέγονται	parataxis	high	Impersonal 'it seems/those ... think'; governs accusative-and-infinitive.
15	σφᾶς	σφεῖς	PRON	P-3AP---	Case=Acc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3	18 εἶναι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of εἶναι.
16	Ἀθηνᾶν	Ἀθηνᾶ	PROPN	Ne-AS---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 εἶναι	xcomp	high	First predicate accusative in the infinitival clause.
17	τε	τε	CCONJ	--------	_	16 Ἀθηνᾶν	cc	high	Coordinates Ἀθηνᾶν and Ἄρτεμιν.
18	εἶναι	εἰμί	AUX	V--PAN---	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	14 δοκεῖ	xcomp	high	Infinitive in the accusative-and-infinitive complement of δοκεῖ.
19	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	--------	_	20 Ἄρτεμιν	cc	high	Coordinates the predicate nouns.
20	Ἄρτεμιν	Ἄρτεμις	PROPN	Ne-ASF---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 εἶναι	xcomp	high	Second predicate accusative in coordination.
21	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	22 ἄνθη	det	high
22	ἄνθη	ἄνθος	NOUN	N-APN---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	26 συλλεγούσας	obj	high	Object of συλλεγούσας.
23	μετὰ	μετά	ADP	R-G-	_	25 Περσεφόνης	case	high	With genitive, 'with'.
24	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	25 Περσεφόνης	det	high
25	Περσεφόνης	Περσεφόνη	PROPN	N-GSF---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	26 συλλεγούσας	obl	high	Complement of μετὰ.
26	συλλεγούσας	συλλέγω	VERB	V-PAP-AAF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	18 εἶναι	acl	medium	Accusative feminine plural participle, predicated of the coordinated goddesses; attachment to the infinitival clause is syntactically implicit.
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	14 δοκεῖ	punct	high

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