Grammar parses for passage 8.33.2
Open translation for this passage
Μυκῆναι μέν γε, τοῦ πρὸς Ἰλίῳ πολέμου τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἡγησαμένη, καὶ Νῖνος, ἔνθα ἦν Ἀσσυρίοις βασίλεια, καὶ Βοιώτιαι Θῆβαι προστῆναι τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ ποτε ἀξιωθεῖσαι, αἱ μὲν ἠρήμωνται πανώλεθροι, τὸ δὲ ὄνομα τῶν Θηβῶν ἐς ἀκρόπολιν μόνην καὶ οἰκήτορας καταβέβηκεν οὐ πολλούς.
The sentence has three coordinated historical examples followed by two coordinated main clauses; the participial and infinitival phrases are somewhat elliptical but the overall dependency structure is clear.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μυκῆναι | Μυκῆναι | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 32 ἠρήμωνται | nsubj | high | Subject of ἠρήμωνται. |
| 2 | μέν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 1 Μυκῆναι | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | γε | γε | PART | _ | _ | 2 μέν | discourse | high | Enclitic emphasis particle. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 Μυκῆναι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 πολέμου | det | high | Article modifying πολέμου. |
| 6 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 8 πολέμου | case | high | Preposition governing Ἰλίῳ. |
| 7 | Ἰλίῳ | Ἴλιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 πρὸς | obl | high | Object of πρός. |
| 8 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἡγησαμένη | obl | medium | Genitive phrase with participle; likely partitive/associative genitive. |
| 9 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 Ἕλλησιν | det | high | Article modifying Ἕλλησιν. |
| 10 | Ἕλλησιν | Ἕλλην | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἡγησαμένη | iobj | medium | Dative with ἡγησαμένη, probably 'for/among the Greeks'. |
| 11 | ἡγησαμένη | ἡγέομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 1 Μυκῆναι | acl | high | Participle agreeing with Μυκῆναι. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 Μυκῆναι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 Νῖνος | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 14 | Νῖνος | Νῖνος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 ἠρήμωνται | conj | medium | Coordinated with Μυκῆναι; gender uncertain but treated as fem. singular place name. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 Νῖνος | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | _ | _ | 17 ἦν | advmod | high | Locative adverb. |
| 17 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 19 βασίλεια | cop | high | Copula for βασίλεια. |
| 18 | Ἀσσυρίοις | Ἀσσύριος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 βασίλεια | amod | high | Attributive modifier of βασίλεια. |
| 19 | βασίλεια | βασίλειον | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject complement with copula. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 Νῖνος | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 Θῆβαι | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 22 | Βοιώτιαι | Βοιωτία | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 Θῆβαι | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of Θῆβαι. |
| 23 | Θῆβαι | Θῆβαι | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 28 ἀξιωθεῖσαι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀξιωθεῖσαι. |
| 24 | προστῆναι | προΐστημι | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 28 ἀξιωθεῖσαι | xcomp | medium | Infinitive complement of ἀξιωθεῖσαι. |
| 25 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 Ἑλληνικοῦ | det | high | Article modifying Ἑλληνικοῦ. |
| 26 | Ἑλληνικοῦ | Ἑλληνικός | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 προστῆναι | obj | medium | Genitive with infinitive; sense somewhat uncertain. |
| 27 | ποτε | ποτέ | PART | _ | _ | 28 ἀξιωθεῖσαι | advmod | high | Temporal particle/adverb. |
| 28 | ἀξιωθεῖσαι | ἀξιόω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 23 Θῆβαι | acl | high | Participial modifier of Θῆβαι. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 Θῆβαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 30 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 32 ἠρήμωνται | nsubj | high | Article functioning as subject with implicit noun phrase. |
| 31 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 30 αἱ | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 32 | ἠρήμωνται | ἐρημόω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 33 | πανώλεθροι | πανώλεθρος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 32 ἠρήμωνται | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with ἠρήμωνται. |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ἠρήμωνται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 35 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 37 ὄνομα | det | high | Article modifying ὄνομα. |
| 36 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 35 τὸ | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 37 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 45 καταβέβηκεν | nsubj | high | Subject of καταβέβηκεν. |
| 38 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 39 Θηβῶν | det | high | Article modifying Θηβῶν. |
| 39 | Θηβῶν | Θῆβαι | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 37 ὄνομα | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ὄνομα. |
| 40 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 45 καταβέβηκεν | case | high | Preposition governing ἀκρόπολιν. |
| 41 | ἀκρόπολιν | ἀκρόπολις | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 45 καταβέβηκεν | obl | high | Prepositional object. |
| 42 | μόνην | μόνος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 41 ἀκρόπολιν | amod | high | Modifier of ἀκρόπολιν. |
| 43 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 44 οἰκήτορας | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 44 | οἰκήτορας | οἰκήτωρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 45 καταβέβηκεν | obj | high | Object of καταβέβηκεν. |
| 45 | καταβέβηκεν | καταβαίνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 32 ἠρήμωνται | conj | high | Coordinated main verb. |
| 46 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 47 πολλούς | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 47 | πολλούς | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 44 οἰκήτορας | amod | high | Modifier of οἰκήτορας. |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ἠρήμωνται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τὰ δὲ ὑπερηρκότα πλούτῳ τὸ ἀρχαῖον, Θῆβαί τε αἱ Αἰγύπτιοι καὶ ὁ Μινύης Ὀρχομενὸς καὶ ἡ Δῆλος τὸ κοινὸν Ἑλλήνων ἐμπόριον, αἱ μὲν ἀνδρὸς ἰδιώτου μέσου δυνάμει χρημάτων καταδέουσιν ἐς εὐδαιμονίαν, ἡ Δῆλος δέ, ἀφελόντι τοὺς ἀφικνουμένους παρʼ Ἀθηναίων ἐς τοῦ ἱεροῦ τὴν φρουράν, Δηλίων γε ἕνεκα ἔρημός ἐστιν ἀνθρώπων.
The sentence is a coordinated series of predicates/appositions about famous cities, with a compressed participial clause around ἀφελόντι and a final predicative clause ἔρημός ἐστιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | P-P---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ὑπερηρκότα | nsubj | high | Article functioning substantively with participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 ὑπερηρκότα | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ὑπερηρκότα | ὑπερέχω | VERB | V-RAP-NA- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 31 καταδέουσιν | nsubj | medium | Agreement with τὰ; syntax of first clause slightly compressed. |
| 4 | πλούτῳ | πλοῦτος | NOUN | N-S---ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ὑπερηρκότα | obl | high | Dative of respect/means. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | P-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | Article with adjective used substantively. |
| 6 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ὑπερηρκότα | appos | medium | Likely appositional/substantival phrase modifying the first clause. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 καταδέουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | Θῆβαί | Θῆβαι | PROPN | N-P---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 31 καταδέουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of καταδέουσιν. |
| 9 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 8 Θῆβαί | cc | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 10 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | P-P---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 Αἰγύπτιοι | det | high | Article with ethnicon as adjective/noun. |
| 11 | Αἰγύπτιοι | Αἰγύπτιος | ADJ | A-P---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 Θῆβαί | appos | medium | Predicative/appositional identifier of Θῆβαι. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 Θῆβαί | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 13 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | P-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Ὀρχομενὸς | det | high | Article with proper noun. |
| 14 | Μινύης | Μινύης | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Ὀρχομενὸς | compound | medium | Genitive-like ethnic or attributive identifier preceding Ὀρχομενός. |
| 15 | Ὀρχομενὸς | Ὀρχομενός | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Θῆβαί | appos | high | Appositional proper noun in the coordination. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 Θῆβαί | cc | high | Coordination. |
| 17 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | P-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 Δῆλος | det | high | Article with proper noun. |
| 18 | Δῆλος | Δῆλος | PROPN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Θῆβαί | appos | high | Third coordinated subject/apposition. |
| 19 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | P-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἐμπόριον | det | high | Article with noun. |
| 20 | κοινὸν | κοινός | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἐμπόριον | amod | high | Attributive adjective. |
| 21 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἐμπόριον | nmod | high | Genitive modifier. |
| 22 | ἐμπόριον | ἐμπόριον | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 Δῆλος | appos | medium | Apposition to Δῆλος; predicative label 'common market of the Greeks'. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 καταδέουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 24 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | P-P---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 31 καταδέουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of καταδέουσιν. |
| 25 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 24 αἱ | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 26 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 καταδέουσιν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μέσου / δυνάμει phrase. |
| 27 | ἰδιώτου | ἰδιώτης | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἀνδρὸς | nmod | high | Further genitive modifier. |
| 28 | μέσου | μέσος | ADJ | A-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἀνδρὸς | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of ἀνδρός. |
| 29 | δυνάμει | δύναμις | NOUN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 καταδέουσιν | obl | high | Dative of means. |
| 30 | χρημάτων | χρῆμα | NOUN | N-P---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 29 δυνάμει | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δυνάμει. |
| 31 | καταδέουσιν | καταδέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 32 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 33 εὐδαιμονίαν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 33 | εὐδαιμονίαν | εὐδαιμονία | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 καταδέουσιν | obl | high | Goal/result complement with εἰς. |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 καταδέουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 35 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | P-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 Δῆλος | det | high | Article with subject. |
| 36 | Δῆλος | Δῆλος | PROPN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 54 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 37 | δέ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 54 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 54 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 39 | ἀφελόντι | ἀφαιρέω | VERB | V-AAP-DMS | Aspect=Perf|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 54 ἐστιν | advcl | medium | Dative absolute / participial clause; syntax somewhat elliptical. |
| 40 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | P-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 41 ἀφικνουμένους | det | high | Article with participle used substantively. |
| 41 | ἀφικνουμένους | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-PMP-MA- | Aspect=Imp|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 39 ἀφελόντι | obj | medium | Object of participle ἀφελόντι; participial phrase is compressed. |
| 42 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 43 Ἀθηναίων | case | high | Preposition. |
| 43 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 41 ἀφικνουμένους | nmod | high | Genitive complement with παρὰ. |
| 44 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 48 φρουράν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 45 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | P-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 46 ἱεροῦ | det | high | Article with noun. |
| 46 | ἱεροῦ | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 48 φρουράν | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of φρουράν in the prepositional phrase. |
| 47 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | P-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 48 φρουράν | det | high | Article with noun. |
| 48 | φρουράν | φρουρά | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 39 ἀφελόντι | obl | high | Goal/complement of ἐς in participial phrase. |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 54 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 50 | Δηλίων | Δήλιος | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 53 ἔρημός | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἕνεκα. |
| 51 | γε | γε | PART | G-------- | _ | 50 Δηλίων | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 52 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | R-------- | _ | 50 Δηλίων | case | high | Postposition governing genitive. |
| 53 | ἔρημός | ἔρημος | ADJ | A-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 54 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with ἐστιν. |
| 54 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 31 καταδέουσιν | conj | high | Coordinated main predicate. |
| 55 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 53 ἔρημός | nmod | high | Genitive with ἔρημος, 'desert of men'. |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 καταδέουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |