Grammar parses for passage 8.33.2
Open translation for this passage
Μυκῆναι μέν γε, τοῦ πρὸς Ἰλίῳ πολέμου τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἡγησαμένη, καὶ Νῖνος, ἔνθα ἦν Ἀσσυρίοις βασίλεια, καὶ Βοιώτιαι Θῆβαι προστῆναι τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ ποτε ἀξιωθεῖσαι, αἱ μὲν ἠρήμωνται πανώλεθροι, τὸ δὲ ὄνομα τῶν Θηβῶν ἐς ἀκρόπολιν μόνην καὶ οἰκήτορας καταβέβηκεν οὐ πολλούς.
The sentence has a fronted coordinated subject/topic: Mycenae, Nineveh, and Boeotian Thebes are associated with infinitival predicates; ἡγησαμένη is a participial modifier of Μυκῆναι, while ἀξιωθεῖσαι modifies Βοιώτιαι Θῆβαι. The later αἱ μέν...τὸ δέ contrast resumes Mycenae and Thebes. The form βασίλεια is treated as a neuter plural predicate/subject complement with ἦν, though a singular reading is possible.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μυκῆναι | Μυκήνη | PROPN | N--VNP-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 32 ἠρήμωνται | nsubj | high | Fronted subject, resumed by αἱ μέν. |
| 2 | μέν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 1 Μυκῆναι | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | γε | γε | PART | Df | _ | 2 μέν | advmod | medium | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 Μυκῆναι | punct | high | |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 πολέμου | det | high | |
| 6 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Ἰλίῳ | case | high | |
| 7 | Ἰλίῳ | Ἴλιον | PROPN | Ne----DS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 πολέμου | nmod | high | Place-name in a προς phrase. |
| 8 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N--GSM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἡγησαμένη | obl | high | Genitive dependent on ἡγησαμένη. |
| 9 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | S---DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Ἕλλησιν | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἕλλησιν | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N--DPM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἡγησαμένη | iobj | high | Dative of the people led. |
| 11 | ἡγησαμένη | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-ADN-FSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 1 Μυκῆναι | acl | high | Aorist middle participle; feminine singular agrees with Μυκῆναι as a collective name. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἡγησαμένη | punct | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 Νῖνος | cc | high | |
| 14 | Νῖνος | Νῖνος | PROPN | N--NSM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 ἠρήμωνται | nsubj | high | Coordinated fronted subject; resumed only loosely in the following clause. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 Νῖνος | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 17 ἦν | advmod | high | Locative relative adverb. |
| 17 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IXI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 19 βασίλεια | cop | high | Copula with βασίλεια. |
| 18 | Ἀσσυρίοις | Ἀσσύριος | PROPN | A--DPM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 βασίλεια | iobj | high | Dative of possession/reference. |
| 19 | βασίλεια | βασίλειον | NOUN | N--NPN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 Νῖνος | appos | medium | Neuter plural predicate/nominal complement; agrees with implicit plural sense of the place-name only loosely. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 βασίλεια | punct | high | |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 Θῆβαι | cc | high | |
| 22 | Βοιώτιαι | Βοιώτιος | ADJ | A--VNF-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 Θῆβαι | amod | high | |
| 23 | Θῆβαι | Θῆβαι | PROPN | N--VNF-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 32 ἠρήμωνται | nsubj | high | Coordinated fronted subject, resumed by τὸ δέ. |
| 24 | προστῆναι | προΐστημι | VERB | V--ANA-- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 28 ἀξιωθεῖσαι | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by ἀξιωθεῖσαι. |
| 25 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 Ἑλληνικοῦ | det | high | |
| 26 | Ἑλληνικοῦ | Ἑλληνικός | ADJ | A--GSM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 προστῆναι | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, genitive complement of προΐστημι. |
| 27 | ποτε | ποτε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 24 προστῆναι | advmod | high | Indefinite/temporal adverb. |
| 28 | ἀξιωθεῖσαι | ἀξιόω | VERB | V-APN-FPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 23 Θῆβαι | acl | high | Aorist passive participle modifying Θῆβαι. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἀξιωθεῖσαι | punct | high | |
| 30 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | S---VNF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 32 ἠρήμωνται | nsubj | high | Resumptive subject for Μυκῆναι and possibly the preceding feminine plural names. |
| 31 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 30 αἱ | discourse | high | First member of μέν...δέ. |
| 32 | ἠρήμωνται | ἐρημόω | VERB | V-RPI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate: have been utterly laid waste. |
| 33 | πανώλεθροι | πανώλεθρος | ADJ | A--VNF-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 32 ἠρήμωνται | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective with the passive perfect. |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ἠρήμωνται | punct | high | |
| 35 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S---NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 37 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 36 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 37 ὄνομα | cc | high | Second member of μέν...δέ. |
| 37 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N--NSN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 45 καταβέβηκεν | nsubj | high | Subject of καταβέβηκεν. |
| 38 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | S---GPF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 39 Θηβῶν | det | high | |
| 39 | Θηβῶν | Θῆβαι | PROPN | N--GPF-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 37 ὄνομα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὄνομα. |
| 40 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 41 ἀκρόπολιν | case | high | |
| 41 | ἀκρόπολιν | ἀκρόπολις | NOUN | N--ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 45 καταβέβηκεν | obl | high | Goal/result complement of καταβέβηκεν. |
| 42 | μόνην | μόνος | ADJ | A--ASF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 41 ἀκρόπολιν | amod | high | |
| 43 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 44 οἰκήτορας | cc | high | |
| 44 | οἰκήτορας | οἰκήτωρ | NOUN | N--APM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 45 καταβέβηκεν | obl | high | Coordinated accusative complement, with omitted adjective πολλούς understood. |
| 45 | καταβέβηκεν | καταβαίνω | VERB | V-RIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 32 ἠρήμωνται | conj | high | Second coordinated main predicate. |
| 46 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 47 πολλούς | advmod | high | |
| 47 | πολλούς | πολύς | ADJ | A--APM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 44 οἰκήτορας | amod | high | Agrees with οἰκήτορας; οὐ πολλούς means not many. |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ἠρήμωνται | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ ὑπερηρκότα πλούτῳ τὸ ἀρχαῖον, Θῆβαί τε αἱ Αἰγύπτιοι καὶ ὁ Μινύης Ὀρχομενὸς καὶ ἡ Δῆλος τὸ κοινὸν Ἑλλήνων ἐμπόριον, αἱ μὲν ἀνδρὸς ἰδιώτου μέσου δυνάμει χρημάτων καταδέουσιν ἐς εὐδαιμονίαν, ἡ Δῆλος δέ, ἀφελόντι τοὺς ἀφικνουμένους παρʼ Ἀθηναίων ἐς τοῦ ἱεροῦ τὴν φρουράν, Δηλίων γε ἕνεκα ἔρημός ἐστιν ἀνθρώπων.
The opening accusative phrase is a fronted subject/predicate construction coordinated with τε/καί; ὑπερηρκότα agrees with τὰ (substantivized neuter plural). The final ἀφελόντι is a dative absolute, with its accusative participial object phrase understood as the condition for Δῆλος being deserted.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 ὑπερηρκότα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 3 ὑπερηρκότα | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὑπερηρκότα | ὑπεραίρω | ADJ | AANP | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect active participle used substantivally; functions as the fronted accusative subject/predicate of the following clause. |
| 4 | πλούτῳ | πλοῦτος | NOUN | NDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ὑπερηρκότα | obl | high | Dative of respect/measure. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | |
| 6 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-SNA | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ὑπερηρκότα | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘formerly/in antiquity’. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ὑπερηρκότα | punct | high | |
| 8 | Θῆβαί | Θῆβαι | PROPN | NPFP | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 Ὀρχομενὸς | conj | medium | First member of the coordinated place-name subject; attachment through the appositional/name phrase is structurally uncertain. |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 8 Θῆβαί | cc | high | |
| 10 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 Αἰγύπτιοι | det | high | |
| 11 | Αἰγύπτιοι | Αἰγύπτιος | ADJ | A-NPF | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 Θῆβαί | amod | high | Feminine plural adjective agreeing with Θῆβαι; substantival ethnonym-like modifier. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 15 Ὀρχομενὸς | cc | high | |
| 13 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Μινύης | det | high | |
| 14 | Μινύης | Μινύης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Ὀρχομενὸς | nmod | medium | Ethnic/eponymic modifier in the name Μινύης Ὀρχομενός. |
| 15 | Ὀρχομενὸς | Ὀρχομενός | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἐμπόριον | nsubj | high | Second coordinated city subject, with Μινύης as its defining modifier. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 22 ἐμπόριον | cc | high | |
| 17 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 Δῆλος | det | high | |
| 18 | Δῆλος | Δῆλος | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἐμπόριον | conj | high | Third coordinated city subject. |
| 19 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 κοινὸν | det | high | |
| 20 | κοινὸν | κοινός | ADJ | A-SNA | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἐμπόριον | amod | high | Adjectival attribute of ἐμπόριον. |
| 21 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἐμπόριον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἐμπόριον. |
| 22 | ἐμπόριον | ἐμπόριον | NOUN | N-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ὑπερηρκότα | appos | high | Appositional description of Δῆλος, coordinated with the preceding city names. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐμπόριον | punct | high | |
| 24 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 31 καταδέουσιν | nsubj | high | Article with substantivized city-name subject. |
| 25 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X--------- | _ | 24 αἱ | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; paired with δέ at token 37. |
| 26 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἰδιώτου | nmod | high | |
| 27 | ἰδιώτου | ἰδιώτης | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 μέσου | nmod | high | |
| 28 | μέσου | μέσος | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 δυνάμει | nmod | high | Genitive phrase meaning ‘of an average private man’, modifying δυνάμει. |
| 29 | δυνάμει | δύναμις | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 καταδέουσιν | obl | high | Dative of comparison/standard with καταδέουσιν. |
| 30 | χρημάτων | χρῆμα | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 29 δυνάμει | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δυνάμει. |
| 31 | καταδέουσιν | καταδέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Finite verb of the μέν clause; the broader sentence has an elliptical/loosely coordinated construction after the opening description. |
| 32 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 33 εὐδαιμονίαν | case | high | |
| 33 | εὐδαιμονίαν | εὐδαιμονία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 καταδέουσιν | obl | high | Goal/result complement. |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 καταδέουσιν | punct | high | |
| 35 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 36 Δῆλος | det | high | |
| 36 | Δῆλος | Δῆλος | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 54 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 37 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 54 ἐστιν | cc | high | Correlative contrast with μέν at token 25. |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 54 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 39 | ἀφελόντι | ἀφαιρέω | VERB | V-AAP-D-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 54 ἐστιν | advcl | medium | Dative absolute; masculine singular dative is formally unanchored, likely impersonal/general. |
| 40 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 41 ἀφικνουμένους | det | high | |
| 41 | ἀφικνουμένους | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-PMP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 39 ἀφελόντι | obj | high | Accusative participle/object phrase within the dative absolute. |
| 42 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | R- | _ | 43 Ἀθηναίων | case | high | Elided form of παρά. |
| 43 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 41 ἀφικνουμένους | obl | high | Genitive complement of παρά, ‘from the Athenians’. |
| 44 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 48 φρουράν | case | high | |
| 45 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 46 ἱεροῦ | det | high | |
| 46 | ἱεροῦ | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 48 φρουράν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on φρουράν. |
| 47 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 48 φρουράν | det | high | |
| 48 | φρουράν | φρουρά | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 39 ἀφελόντι | obj | high | Second accusative object of ἀφελόντι. |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 54 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 50 | Δηλίων | Δήλιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 52 ἕνεκα | nmod | high | Ethnic adjective used substantivally; genitive with ἕνεκα. |
| 51 | γε | γε | PART | X--------- | _ | 52 ἕνεκα | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 52 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | R-G | _ | 54 ἐστιν | case | high | Postposition governing the preceding genitive. |
| 53 | ἔρημός | ἔρημος | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 54 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with copular ἐστιν. |
| 54 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 55 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 53 ἔρημός | obl | high | Genitive of separation/deprivation with ἔρημος. |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 54 ἐστιν | punct | high |