Grammar parses for passage 8.33.4
Open translation for this passage
ἐπιδείκνυται δὲ καὶ ἐν τῷδε ἔτι τὴν ἰσχὺν μείζονα καὶ θαύματος πλείονος ἢ κατὰ συμφορὰς καὶ εὐπραγίας πόλεων·
The sentence uses an elliptical comparative construction: μείζονα and πλείονος describe the strength as greater and worthy of more wonder than what occurs in the misfortunes and successes of cities.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπιδείκνυται | ἐπιδείκνυμι | VERB | V-PI?-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐπιδείκνυται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἐπιδείκνυται | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 τῷδε | case | high | |
| 5 | τῷδε | ὅδε | PRON | PD-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 1 ἐπιδείκνυται | obl | high | |
| 6 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἐπιδείκνυται | advmod | high | |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DAF-SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 ἰσχὺν | det | high | |
| 8 | ἰσχὺν | ἰσχύς | NOUN | N1A-SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπιδείκνυται | obj | high | |
| 9 | μείζονα | μέγας | ADJ | A-SAF | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἰσχὺν | amod | high | Comparative adjective, predicative/object-oriented. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 πλείονος | cc | high | |
| 11 | θαύματος | θαῦμα | NOUN | N-SGN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 πλείονος | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on πλείονος, with θαύματος πλείονος coordinated in the comparison. |
| 12 | πλείονος | πολύς | ADJ | A-SGN | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 μείζονα | conj | medium | Comparative genitive phrase coordinated with μείζονα; exact shared construction is elliptical. |
| 13 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 μείζονα | cc | high | Introduces the comparative standard. |
| 14 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 συμφορὰς | case | high | |
| 15 | συμφορὰς | συμφορά | NOUN | N-PAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 μείζονα | obl | high | First member of κατὰ coordination. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 εὐπραγίας | cc | high | |
| 17 | εὐπραγίας | εὐπραγία | NOUN | N-PAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 συμφορὰς | conj | high | Second object of κατά, coordinated with συμφοράς. |
| 18 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 συμφορὰς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on both συμφοράς and εὐπραγίας. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπιδείκνυται | punct | high |
Λήμνου γὰρ πλοῦν ἀπεῖχεν οὐ πολὺν Χρύση νῆσος, ἐν ᾗ καὶ τῷ Φιλοκτήτῃ γενέσθαι συμφορὰν ἐκ τοῦ ὕδρου φασί·
The sentence has an impersonal/reportative φασί with an infinitival clause: συμφορὰν γενέσθαι τῷ Φιλοκτήτῃ. The relative clause modifies Χρύση νῆσος; the initial ἀπεῖχεν clause is coordinated only loosely as background.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λήμνου | Λῆμνος | PROPN | Neut Gen Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἀπεῖχεν | nmod | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 4 ἀπεῖχεν | advmod | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | πλοῦν | πλόος | NOUN | Masc Acc Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀπεῖχεν | obj | high | Accusative of distance. |
| 4 | ἀπεῖχεν | ἀπέχω | VERB | V-III Impf Act Ind 3rd Sing | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | Adv | Polarity=Neg | 6 πολὺν | advmod | high | |
| 6 | πολὺν | πολύς | ADJ | Masc Acc Sing | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 πλοῦν | amod | high | |
| 7 | Χρύση | Χρύση | PROPN | Nom Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 νῆσος | compound | medium | Proper name in apposition/attributive relation to νῆσος. |
| 8 | νῆσος | νῆσος | NOUN | Fem Nom Sing | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἀπεῖχεν | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἀπεῖχεν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Prep | _ | 11 ᾗ | case | high | |
| 11 | ᾗ | ὅς | PRON | Rel Dat Sing Fem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 γενέσθαι | obl | high | Relative pronoun referring to νῆσος; governs the prepositional locative. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 15 γενέσθαι | advmod | high | Additive particle. |
| 13 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Art Dat Sing Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Φιλοκτήτῃ | det | high | |
| 14 | Φιλοκτήτῃ | Φιλοκτήτης | PROPN | Masc Dat Sing | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 γενέσθαι | iobj | high | Dative of the person affected. |
| 15 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-III Aor Mid Inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 20 φασί | csubj | high | Infinitive in the content construction with φασί. |
| 16 | συμφορὰν | συμφορά | NOUN | Fem Acc Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 γενέσθαι | obj | high | Accusative subject/predicate-like object of γενέσθαι. |
| 17 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | Prep | _ | 19 ὕδρου | case | high | |
| 18 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art Gen Sing Neut | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ὕδρου | det | high | |
| 19 | ὕδρου | ὕδρος | NOUN | Masc Gen Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 γενέσθαι | obl | medium | Source/cause phrase; ὕδρος is a water-serpent or hydra. |
| 20 | φασί | φημί | VERB | V-μι Pres Act Ind 3rd Plur | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Matrix verb; the infinitival clause is its clausal subject/content complement. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 φασί | punct | high |
ταύτην κατέλαβεν ὁ κλύδων πᾶσαν, καὶ κατέδυ τε ἡ Χρύση καὶ ἠφάνισται κατὰ τοῦ βυθοῦ.
Two coordinated clauses: κλύδων is the subject of κατέλαβεν with ταύτην and πᾶσαν as object/depictive accusatives; Χρύση is subject of κατέδυ and ἠφάνισται, with κατά plus genitive expressing disappearance beneath the seabed. The perfect form ἠφάνισται is morphologically ambiguous in voice but is best treated here as middle/passive intransitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτην | οὗτος | DET | Pd-fsa | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 2 κατέλαβεν | obj | high | |
| 2 | κατέλαβεν | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S-DSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 κλύδων | det | high | |
| 4 | κλύδων | κλύδων | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 κατέλαβεν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ταύτην | amod | medium | Agrees with ταύτην; semantically emphasizes total capture. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 κατέλαβεν | punct | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 κατέδυ | cc | high | |
| 8 | κατέδυ | καταδύω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 2 κατέλαβεν | conj | high | Coordinated verbal predicate; subject is Χρύση. |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 κατέδυ | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator linking κατέδυ with the following coordinated predicate. |
| 10 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | S-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Χρύση | det | high | |
| 11 | Χρύση | Χρύση | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 κατέδυ | nsubj | high | Proper name, subject shared with ἠφάνισται. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ἠφάνισται | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἠφάνισται | ἀφανίζω | VERB | V-RMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 8 κατέδυ | conj | medium | Perfect middle/passive form; interpreted here intransitively as 'has disappeared'. |
| 14 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-G | _ | 16 βυθοῦ | case | high | |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 βυθοῦ | det | high | |
| 16 | βυθοῦ | βυθός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἠφάνισται | obl | high | Genitive governed by κατά; denotes the location beneath/in the depth. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 κατέλαβεν | punct | high |
νῆσον δὲ ἄλλην καλουμένην Ἱερὰν τόνδε οὐκ ἦν χρόνον.
The sentence is elliptical: νῆσον ... καλουμένην Ἱεράν is the object of an understood verb of existence/being, with τόνδε χρόνον as an accusative temporal expression; ἦν is treated as the finite root, though the syntax is textually and semantically difficult.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | νῆσον | νῆσος | NOUN | A-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἦν | obj | medium | Accusative object of an understood or elliptical predication. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἦν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄλλην | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 νῆσον | amod | high | Agrees with νῆσον. |
| 4 | καλουμένην | καλέω | VERB | V-PPM-SFA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 1 νῆσον | acl | high | Passive present participle modifying νῆσον. |
| 5 | Ἱερὰν | ἱερός | ADJ | A-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 καλουμένην | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative/name complement with καλουμένην: ‘called Sacred’; capitalization is orthographic. |
| 6 | τόνδε | ὅδε | DET | P-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 χρόνον | det | high | Demonstrative determiner agreeing with χρόνον. |
| 7 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 8 ἦν | advmod | high | Negative particle. |
| 8 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IAI-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Finite imperfect of εἰμί; construction appears elliptical or textually difficult. |
| 9 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἦν | obl:tmod | medium | Accusative of duration/time. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἦν | punct | high |
οὕτω μὲν τὰ ἀνθρώπινα πρόσκαιρά τε καὶ οὐδαμῶς ἐστιν ἐχυρά·
Copular clause: οὕτω modifies ἐστιν; τὰ ἀνθρώπινα is the neuter plural subject, with coordinated predicate adjectives πρόσκαιρα and ἐχυρά, linked by τε καί; μὲν is a correlative particle without an overt δέ here.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὕτω | οὕτω | ADV | D- | PronType=Dem | 9 ἐστιν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 9 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Correlative particle; no overt δέ in this sentence. |
| 3 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 ἀνθρώπινα | det | high | |
| 4 | ἀνθρώπινα | ἀνθρώπινος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘human things’. |
| 5 | πρόσκαιρά | πρόσκαιρος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with copula. |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 πρόσκαιρά | cc | high | First member of τε καί coordination. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἐχυρά | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate adjective. |
| 8 | οὐδαμῶς | οὐδαμῶς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 10 ἐχυρά | advmod | high | Modifies ἐχυρά: ‘in no way’. |
| 9 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copula; singular agrees with the neuter plural subject. |
| 10 | ἐχυρά | ἐχυρός | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 πρόσκαιρά | conj | medium | Second coordinated predicate adjective; τε καί spans the coordination. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστιν | punct | high |