Grammar parses for passage 8.35.8
Open translation for this passage
σταδίους δὲ ὡς τριάκοντα καταβάντι ἐκ Κρουνῶν τάφος ἐστὶ Καλλιστοῦς, χῶμα γῆς ὑψηλόν, δένδρα ἔχον πολλὰ μὲν τῶν ἀκάρπων, πολλὰ δὲ καὶ ἥμερα.
The participle καταβάντι is dative and agrees with an understood traveler/person, functioning in a temporal/circumstantial dative absolute-like phrase with ἐκ Κρουνῶν; τάφος is the copular subject and Καλλιστοῦς a genitive of possession. χῶμα gives a verbless apposition/epexegetic description of the tomb, with ἔχον agreeing with χῶμα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | σταδίους | στάδιον | NOUN | N-A-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 καταβάντι | obl | high | Distance measure, governed semantically by ὡς τριάκοντα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 8 τάφος | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | ADV | D- | _ | 4 τριάκοντα | advmod | high | Approximative particle/adverb modifying τριάκοντα. |
| 4 | τριάκοντα | τριάκοντα | NUM | M-A-N | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 σταδίους | nummod | high | indeclinable numeral modifying στάδιους. |
| 5 | καταβάντι | καταβαίνω | VERB | V-AAP-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 τάφος | advcl | medium | Dative circumstantial/temporal participle; understood masculine singular participant. |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R- | _ | 7 Κρουνῶν | case | high | Preposition governing Κρουνῶν. |
| 7 | Κρουνῶν | Κρουνός | PROPN | N-P---GMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 καταβάντι | obl | high | Place name governed by ἐκ. |
| 8 | τάφος | τάφος | NOUN | N-S---NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | Subject of the copula. |
| 9 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 10 | Καλλιστοῦς | Καλλιστώ | PROPN | N-S---GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 τάφος | nmod | high | Possessive genitive: tomb of Callisto. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστὶ | punct | high | |
| 12 | χῶμα | χῶμα | NOUN | N-S---NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 τάφος | appos | high | Appositional description of τάφος; neuter despite masculine antecedent. |
| 13 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | N-S---GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 χῶμα | nmod | high | Material/content genitive, mound of earth. |
| 14 | ὑψηλόν | ὑψηλός | ADJ | A-S---NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 χῶμα | amod | high | Agrees with χῶμα. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 χῶμα | punct | high | |
| 16 | δένδρα | δένδρον | NOUN | N-P---NNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἔχον | obj | high | Object of ἔχον. |
| 17 | ἔχον | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 χῶμα | acl | high | Participial modifier of χῶμα. |
| 18 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-P---NNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ἀκάρπων | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, many of the unfruitful kinds. |
| 19 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X- | _ | 18 πολλὰ | discourse | high | First member of μέν...δέ contrast. |
| 20 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | S-P---GNP | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ἀκάρπων | det | high | Article substantivizing/introducing the genitive classification. |
| 21 | ἀκάρπων | ἄκαρπος | ADJ | A-P---GNP | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 δένδρα | nmod | high | Partitive genitive dependent on δένδρα: many of the fruitless trees. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἔχον | punct | high | |
| 23 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-P---NNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 ἥμερα | amod | high | Second coordinated substantivized quantity expression. |
| 24 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 23 πολλὰ | cc | high | Second member of μέν...δέ contrast. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 26 ἥμερα | cc | high | Coordinates ἥμερα with the preceding category. |
| 26 | ἥμερα | ἥμερος | ADJ | A-P---NNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 δένδρα | conj | high | Substantivized adjective coordinated with the preceding δένδρα classification. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστὶ | punct | high |
ἐπὶ δὲ ἄκρῳ τῷ χώματι ἱερόν ἐστιν Ἀρτέμιδος ἐπίκλησιν Καλλίστης·
Locative ἐπί governs the dative phrase τῷ ἄκρῳ χώματι; ἱερόν is the predicate nominative with copular ἐστιν, while Ἀρτέμιδος depends on ἱερόν and ἐπίκλησιν Καλλίστης specifies the cult title. The syntax of ἐπίκλησιν is somewhat compressed/elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 3 ἄκρῳ | case | high | Governs the following dative locative phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄκρῳ | ἄκρος | ADJ | A-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 χώματι | amod | high | Agrees with χώματι. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 χώματι | det | high | Article modifying χώματι. |
| 5 | χώματι | χῶμα | NOUN | N-S---ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | obl | high | Dative locative complement of ἐπί. |
| 6 | ἱερόν | ἱερός | NOUN | A-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | nsubj | medium | Substantivized neuter adjective, functioning as the nominative subject/predicate nominal with the copula. |
| 7 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V- PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 8 | Ἀρτέμιδος | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | N-S---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 6 ἱερόν | nmod | high | Genitive identifying the deity to whom the sanctuary belongs. |
| 9 | ἐπίκλησιν | ἐπίκλησις | NOUN | N-S---AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἱερόν | nmod | low | Accusative of title/name, in a compressed construction equivalent to 'by the epithet' or 'called'; attachment to ἱερόν is uncertain. |
| 10 | Καλλίστης | καλός | ADJ | A-S---GF-S | Case=Gen|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐπίκλησιν | nmod | medium | Feminine genitive superlative agreeing with an understood Ἀρτέμιδος and specifying the epithet. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | U | _ | 7 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
δοκεῖν δέ μοι καὶ Πάμφως μαθών τι παρὰ Ἀρκάδων πρῶτος Ἄρτεμιν ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν ὠνόμασε Καλλίστην.
Infinitive δοκεῖν is the governing predicate of an implied first-person construction; μοι is its experiencer/dative subject. Πάμφως is nominative subject of ὠνόμασε, with μαθών as a prior circumstantial participle and πρῶτος as predicative modifier. Καλλίστην is the object complement/predicate accusative of Ἄρτεμιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δοκεῖν | δοκέω | VERB | V-PAI | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Infinitive functioning as the main asserted predicate, with μοι as dative experiencer. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 δοκεῖν | cc | high | |
| 3 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1-SD | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 1 δοκεῖν | iobj | medium | Dative experiencer or implicit subject of the infinitive. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 Πάμφως | cc | high | |
| 5 | Πάμφως | Πάμφως | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ὠνόμασε | nsubj | high | Subject of ὠνόμασε. |
| 6 | μαθών | μανθάνω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ὠνόμασε | advcl | high | Circumstantial anterior participle, agreeing with Πάμφως. |
| 7 | τι | τις | PRON | P-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 6 μαθών | obj | high | Indefinite object of μαθών. |
| 8 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 Ἀρκάδων | case | high | |
| 9 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 μαθών | obl | high | Source/associative complement of μαθών with παρά + genitive. |
| 10 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-NSM-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ὠνόμασε | advmod | high | Predicative temporal/ordinal modifier, ‘first’. |
| 11 | Ἄρτεμιν | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ὠνόμασε | obj | high | Object of ὠνόμασε. |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 ἔπεσιν | case | high | |
| 13 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 ἔπεσιν | det | high | |
| 14 | ἔπεσιν | ἔπος | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ὠνόμασε | obl | high | Locative/instrumental phrase ‘in the verses’. |
| 15 | ὠνόμασε | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 1 δοκεῖν | ccomp | high | Finite complement under δοκεῖν. |
| 16 | Καλλίστην | κάλλιστος | ADJ | A-ASF-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Super|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ὠνόμασε | xcomp | high | Object complement/predicate accusative agreeing with Ἄρτεμιν. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 δοκεῖν | punct | high |