Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 8.38.2

← 8.38.1 8.38.3 →

Passage 8.38.2

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed

87Greek tokens

2,508input tokens

5,927output tokens

Sentence 1

8.38.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 26
Input: 818
Output: 1,687
Total: 2,505

ἐν ἀριστερᾷ δὲ τοῦ ἱεροῦ τῆς Δεσποίνης τὸ ὄρος ἐστὶ τὸ Λύκαιον· καλοῦσι δὲ αὐτὸ καὶ Ὄλυμπον καὶ Ἱεράν γε ἕτεροι τῶν Ἀρκάδων κορυφήν.

The second clause is elliptical and list-like; predicate/complement attachment for the named objects is approximate.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	_	_	2 ἀριστερᾷ	case	high
2	ἀριστερᾷ	ἀριστερός	ADJ	ADJ	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 ἐστὶ	obl	medium	Likely substantivized adjective in dative after ἐν.
3	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	10 ἐστὶ	discourse	high
4	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 ἱεροῦ	det	high
5	ἱεροῦ	ἱερόν	NOUN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	2 ἀριστερᾷ	nmod	high
6	τῆς	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 Δεσποίνης	det	high
7	Δεσποίνης	Δέσποινα	PROPN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 ἱεροῦ	nmod	high
8	τὸ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	9 ὄρος	det	high
9	ὄρος	ὄρος	NOUN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 ἐστὶ	nsubj	high
10	ἐστὶ	εἰμί	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
11	τὸ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	12 Λύκαιον	det	high
12	Λύκαιον	Λύκαιον	PROPN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 ἐστὶ	xcomp	medium	Predicate nominative/adjectival name; attachment as xcomp is approximate.
13	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	10 ἐστὶ	punct	high
14	καλοῦσι	καλέω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
15	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	14 καλοῦσι	discourse	high
16	αὐτὸ	αὐτός	PRON	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	14 καλοῦσι	obj	high
17	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	18 Ὄλυμπον	cc	high
18	Ὄλυμπον	Ὄλυμπος	PROPN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 καλοῦσι	xcomp	medium	Likely coordinated object/predicative complement in the naming construction.
19	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	20 Ἱεράν	cc	high
20	Ἱεράν	ἱερός	ADJ	ADJ	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	25 κορυφήν	amod	medium	Possibly substantive, but adjectival form is clearer.
21	γε	γε	PART	_	_	20 Ἱεράν	discourse	high
22	ἕτεροι	ἕτερος	ADJ	ADJ	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 καλοῦσι	nsubj	high
23	τῶν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	24 Ἀρκάδων	det	high
24	Ἀρκάδων	Ἀρκάς	PROPN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 ἕτεροι	nmod	high
25	κορυφήν	κορυφή	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 καλοῦσι	obj	medium	Second clause likely ellipses a verb of calling.
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	14 καλοῦσι	punct	high

Sentence 2

8.38.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 36
Input: 894
Output: 2,518
Total: 3,412

τραφῆναι δὲ τὸν Δία φασὶν ἐν τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ· καὶ χώρα τέ ἐστιν ἐν τῷ Λυκαίῳ Κρητέα καλουμένη---αὕτη δὲ ἡ Κρητέα ἐστὶν ἐξ ἀριστερᾶς Ἀπόλλωνος ἄλσους ἐπίκλησιν Παρρασίου---

The passage contains three clauses, with ellipsis and an appositional/genitive phrase in the final clause that is syntactically somewhat uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τραφῆναι	τρέφω	VERB	V--ANP---	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Pass	5 φασὶν	ccomp	high	Complement infinitive of φασὶν.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	G--------	_	5 φασὶν	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
3	τὸν	ὁ	DET	P-S---MA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	4 Δία	det	high	Article with Δία.
4	Δία	Ζεύς	PROPN	N-S---MA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 τραφῆναι	obj	high	Object of τραφῆναι.
5	φασὶν	φημί	VERB	V-3PPI---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main reporting verb.
6	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	8 ὄρει	case	high	Preposition with ὄρει.
7	τῷ	ὁ	DET	P-S---MD-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	8 ὄρει	det	high	Article with ὄρει.
8	ὄρει	ὄρος	NOUN	N-S---ND-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 φασὶν	obl	high	Oblique location with ἐν.
9	τούτῳ	οὗτος	DET	PD-S---ND-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	8 ὄρει	det	high	Demonstrative modifying ὄρει.
10	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	5 φασὶν	punct	high	Sentence punctuation.
11	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	12 χώρα	cc	high	Coordinator linking clauses.
12	χώρα	χώρα	NOUN	N-S---FN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 ἐστιν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐστιν.
13	τέ	τε	PART	G--------	_	12 χώρα	discourse	medium	Enclitic connective/polysyndetic particle.
14	ἐστιν	εἰμί	AUX	V-3SPI---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Copular verb in second clause.
15	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	17 Λυκαίῳ	case	high	Preposition with Λυκαίῳ.
16	τῷ	ὁ	DET	P-S---MD-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	17 Λυκαίῳ	det	high	Article with Λυκαίῳ.
17	Λυκαίῳ	Λύκαιον	PROPN	N-S---ND-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	12 χώρα	obl	medium	Likely dative of place/region with ἐν.
18	Κρητέα	Κρητέα	ADJ	A-S---FN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 καλουμένη	amod	high	Adjectival modifier of participle.
19	καλουμένη	καλέω	VERB	V-PPP-MNF-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	12 χώρα	acl	high	Participle modifying χώρα.
20	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	14 ἐστιν	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
21	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	14 ἐστιν	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
22	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	14 ἐστιν	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
23	αὕτη	οὗτος	DET	PD-S---FN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	26 Κρητέα	det	high	Demonstrative with Κρητέα.
24	δὲ	δέ	PART	G--------	_	27 ἐστὶν	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
25	ἡ	ὁ	DET	P-S---FN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	26 Κρητέα	det	high	Article with Κρητέα.
26	Κρητέα	Κρητέα	PROPN	N-S---FN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 ἐστὶν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐστὶν.
27	ἐστὶν	εἰμί	AUX	V-3SPI---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb of final clause.
28	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	R--------	_	29 ἀριστερᾶς	case	high	Preposition with ἀριστερᾶς.
29	ἀριστερᾶς	ἀριστερός	ADJ	A-S---FG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 ἐστὶν	obl	medium	Oblique source/location phrase, elliptic without explicit noun.
30	Ἀπόλλωνος	Ἀπόλλων	PROPN	N-S---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	31 ἄλσους	nmod	high	Genitive dependent of ἄλσους.
31	ἄλσους	ἄλσος	NOUN	N-S---NG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	27 ἐστὶν	obl	high	Genitive phrase governed by ἐστὶν via implied locative relation.
32	ἐπίκλησιν	ἐπίκλησις	NOUN	N-S---FA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	31 ἄλσους	appos	medium	Likely appositional accusative phrase 'by the surname'.
33	Παρρασίου	Παρράσιος	ADJ	A-S---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	32 ἐπίκλησιν	nmod	medium	Genitive modifier of ἐπίκλησιν.
34	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	27 ἐστὶν	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
35	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	27 ἐστὶν	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
36	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	27 ἐστὶν	punct	high	Dash punctuation.

Sentence 3

8.38.2 sentence 3

Tokens: 25
Input: 796
Output: 1,722
Total: 2,518

καὶ τὴν Κρήτην, ἔνθα ὁ Κρητῶν ἔχει λόγος τραφῆναι Δία, τὸ χωρίον τοῦτο εἶναι καὶ οὐ διὰ τὴν νῆσον ἀμφισβητοῦσιν οἱ Ἀρκάδες.

The syntax is elliptical and somewhat inverted: ἀμφισβητοῦσιν takes both Κρήτην and an infinitival clause εἶναι as complements, while the relative clause ἔνθα... explains the reported λόγος.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	3 Κρήτην	cc	high	coordinating particle/conjunction
2	τὴν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	3 Κρήτην	det	high	article with Κρήτην
3	Κρήτην	Κρήτη	PROPN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 ἀμφισβητοῦσιν	obj	high	object of ἀμφισβητοῦσιν
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	3 Κρήτην	punct	high	punctuation
5	ἔνθα	ἔνθα	ADV	_	_	8 ἔχει	advmod	high	relative adverb introducing clause
6	ὁ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	9 λόγος	det	high	article with λόγος
7	Κρητῶν	Κρής	NOUN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 λόγος	nmod	high	partitive/attributive genitive
8	ἔχει	ἔχω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	9 λόγος	acl	medium	probably dependent on λόγος in the idiom ἔχει λόγος
9	λόγος	λόγος	NOUN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	16 εἶναι	nsubj	high	subject of infinitive construction
10	τραφῆναι	τρέφω	VERB	_	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Pass	8 ἔχει	xcomp	high	complement of ἔχει
11	Δία	Ζεύς	PROPN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 τραφῆναι	obj	high	object of infinitive
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	16 εἶναι	punct	high	punctuation
13	τὸ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	14 χωρίον	det	high	article with χωρίον
14	χωρίον	χωρίον	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	16 εἶναι	obj	high	predicate/accusative with infinitive
15	τοῦτο	οὗτος	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	14 χωρίον	det	high	demonstrative modifier
16	εἶναι	εἰμί	VERB	_	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	22 ἀμφισβητοῦσιν	xcomp	high	complement of ἀμφισβητοῦσιν
17	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	19 διὰ	cc	medium	coordination with following prepositional phrase
18	οὐ	οὐ	PART	_	_	19 διὰ	advmod	high	negation of preposition phrase/verb complex
19	διὰ	διά	ADP	_	Case=Acc	22 ἀμφισβητοῦσιν	obl	high	prepositional phrase
20	τὴν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	21 νῆσον	det	high	article with νῆσον
21	νῆσον	νῆσος	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 διὰ	obj	high	object of διά
22	ἀμφισβητοῦσιν	ἀμφισβητέω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	main verb
23	οἱ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	24 Ἀρκάδες	det	high	article with Ἀρκάδες
24	Ἀρκάδες	Ἀρκάς	NOUN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 ἀμφισβητοῦσιν	nsubj	high	subject of ἀμφισβητοῦσιν
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	22 ἀμφισβητοῦσιν	punct	high	punctuation

← 8.38.1 8.38.3 →