Grammar parses for passage 8.38.3
Open translation for this passage
ταῖς Νύμφαις δὲ ὀνόματα, ὑφʼ ὧν τὸν Δία τραφῆναι λέγουσι, τίθενται Θεισόαν καὶ Νέδαν καὶ Ἁγνώ·
The dative phrase ταῖς Νύμφαις is the topic/recipient-like subject of τίθενται (‘names are assigned’); ὑφʼ ὧν introduces the agent of the passive infinitive τραφῆναι, with τὸν Δία as its accusative subject. The listed names are coordinated predicate nominatives/accusatives in apposition to ὀνόματα; exact case analysis of the name forms is partly conventional.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 2 Νύμφαις | det | high | |
| 2 | Νύμφαις | Νύμφη | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 τίθενται | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/recipient with τίθενται. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 τίθενται | cc | high | |
| 4 | ὀνόματα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 τίθενται | nsubj:pass | medium | Neuter plural subject of passive τίθενται; formally also compatible with accusative in a naming construction. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | u | _ | 13 τίθενται | punct | high | |
| 6 | ὑφʼ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 ὧν | case | high | Elided form before relative pronoun. |
| 7 | ὧν | ὅς | PRON | P-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 τραφῆναι | obl:agent | high | Relative pronoun, genitive plural feminine, referring to the Nymphs. |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-SMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Δία | det | high | |
| 9 | Δία | Ζεύς | PROPN | Neuter | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 τραφῆναι | nsubj:xsubj | high | Accusative subject of the passive infinitive. |
| 10 | τραφῆναι | τρέφω | VERB | V-ANP | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 11 λέγουσι | xcomp | high | |
| 11 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 τίθενται | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause modifying the Nymphs; subject is implicit. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | u | _ | 13 τίθενται | punct | high | |
| 13 | τίθενται | τίθημι | VERB | V-PMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Middle/passive form, here passive in sense: ‘are assigned/given’. |
| 14 | Θεισόαν | Θεισόη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ὀνόματα | appos | medium | Name in the coordinated naming complement; transmitted form is accusative. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 Θεισόαν | cc | high | |
| 16 | Νέδαν | Νέδα | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 Θεισόαν | conj | high | Coordinated name. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 Νέδαν | cc | high | |
| 18 | Ἁγνώ | Ἁγνώ | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 Θεισόαν | conj | medium | Proper name; indeclinable-looking form, analyzed as accusative in the list. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | u | _ | 13 τίθενται | punct | high |
καὶ ἀπὸ μὲν τῆς Θεισόας πόλις ᾠκεῖτο ἐν τῇ Παρρασίᾳ, τὰ δὲ ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ μοίρας τῆς Μεγαλοπολίτιδός ἐστιν ἡ Θεισόα κώμη·
Two coordinated clauses: Θεισόας is the source of the former city, while the current settlement is a κώμη; τὰ ... μοίρας is an attributive/partitive expression for the divisions of Megalopolis. The exact attachment of ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ᾠκεῖτο | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Θεισόας | case | high | |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 7 ᾠκεῖτο | discourse | high | Correlative with δέ. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Θεισόας | det | high | |
| 5 | Θεισόας | Θεισόα | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ᾠκεῖτο | obl | high | Object of ἀπό. |
| 6 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ᾠκεῖτο | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | ᾠκεῖτο | οἰκέω | VERB | V-IPI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Imperfect middle/passive form; interpreted as ‘was inhabited/settled’. |
| 8 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 Παρρασίᾳ | case | high | |
| 9 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Παρρασίᾳ | det | high | |
| 10 | Παρρασίᾳ | Παρρασία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ᾠκεῖτο | obl | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ᾠκεῖτο | punct | high | |
| 12 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 μοίρας | det | medium | Substantivized/elliptical neuter plural, probably ‘the [present] divisions/parts’. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἐστιν | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 14 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 ἐμοῦ | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 15 | ἐμοῦ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-GS | Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 19 ἐστιν | obl | high | Temporal frame: ‘in my time’. |
| 16 | μοίρας | μοῖρα | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 ἐστιν | obj | medium | Accusative with an elliptical relation to ἐστιν; likely ‘parts/divisions’. |
| 17 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 Μεγαλοπολίτιδός | det | high | |
| 18 | Μεγαλοπολίτιδός | Μεγαλοπολῖτις | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 μοίρας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μοίρας. |
| 19 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second coordinated predication; copular clause. |
| 20 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 Θεισόα | det | high | |
| 21 | Θεισόα | Θεισόα | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 22 | κώμη | κώμη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with εἰμί. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐστιν | punct | high |
τῆς Νέδας δὲ ὁ ποταμὸς τὸ ὄνομα ἔσχηκε·
Genitive τῆς Νέδας is a possessive/source genitive with ποταμός; ἔσχηκε is perfect active indicative, with τὸ ὄνομα as its object. The enclitic δέ is a coordinating discourse particle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 Νέδας | det | high | |
| 2 | Νέδας | Νέδα | PROPN | NE-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ποταμὸς | nmod | high | Proper name, genitive singular. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G-CCONJ | _ | 8 ἔσχηκε | cc | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ποταμὸς | det | high | |
| 5 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἔσχηκε | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 7 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-NSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἔσχηκε | obj | high | |
| 8 | ἔσχηκε | ἔχω | VERB | V-RIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Form is morphologically perfect active indicative 3sg (ἔσχηκε), but in this context may be treated as a perfect with present relevance; XPOS tense coding reflects the perfect form. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔσχηκε | punct | high |
τῆς δὲ Ἁγνοῦς, ἣ ἐν τῷ ὄρει τῷ Λυκαίῳ πηγὴ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ποταμῷ τῷ Ἴστρῳ πέφυκεν ἴσον παρέχεσθαι τὸ ὕδωρ ἐν χειμῶνι ὁμοίως καὶ ἐν ὥρᾳ θέρους.
The genitive τῆς Ἁγνοῦς is an elliptical/partitive topic governed by the relative clause; ἣ introduces a clause whose subject is πηγὴ, with πέφυκεν παρέχεσθαι expressing an inherent capacity. The comparison κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ποταμῷ τῷ Ἴστρῳ is construed as equality with the Danube.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S--GFSA- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 Ἁγνοῦς | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 πέφυκεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἁγνοῦς | Ἁγνώ | PROPN | N--GFS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 πέφυκεν | obl | medium | Genitive topic/ellipsis; exact syntactic relation is somewhat uncertain. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 πέφυκεν | punct | high | |
| 5 | ἣ | ὅς | PRON | P--NFS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 πηγὴ | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun, agreeing with πηγὴ. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 ὄρει | case | high | |
| 7 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | S--LNSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ὄρει | det | high | |
| 8 | ὄρει | ὄρος | NOUN | N--LNS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 πέφυκεν | obl | high | |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | S--LNSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 Λυκαίῳ | det | high | |
| 10 | Λυκαίῳ | Λύκαιος | PROPN | A--LNS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ὄρει | appos | high | Adjectival proper name in apposition to ὄρει. |
| 11 | πηγὴ | πηγή | NOUN | N--NFS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 πέφυκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 αὐτὰ | case | high | |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | S--APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 αὐτὰ | det | high | |
| 14 | αὐτὰ | αὐτός | PRON | P--APN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 πέφυκεν | obl | medium | Substantivized phrase κατὰ τὰ αὐτά, ‘in the same way’. |
| 15 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | N--LMS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 πέφυκεν | obl | medium | Dative of comparison/equality. |
| 16 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | S--LMSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Ἴστρῳ | det | high | |
| 17 | Ἴστρῳ | Ἴστρος | PROPN | N--LMS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ποταμῷ | appos | high | Proper-name apposition to ποταμῷ. |
| 18 | πέφυκεν | φύω | VERB | V--XRAI- | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect of φύω, ‘is by nature/has the inherent property’. |
| 19 | ἴσον | ἴσος | ADJ | A--ASN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 παρέχεσθαι | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative with παρέχεσθαι, agreeing with the understood quantity/result. |
| 20 | παρέχεσθαι | παρέχω | VERB | V--PMPN- | Aspect=Imperfective|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 18 πέφυκεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after πέφυκεν. |
| 21 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S--ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 22 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N--ASN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 παρέχεσθαι | obj | high | |
| 23 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 χειμῶνι | case | high | |
| 24 | χειμῶνι | χειμών | NOUN | N--LMS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 παρέχεσθαι | obl | high | |
| 25 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 20 παρέχεσθαι | advmod | high | |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 28 ὥρᾳ | cc | high | Coordinates the two seasonal ἐν-phrases. |
| 27 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 28 ὥρᾳ | case | high | |
| 28 | ὥρᾳ | ὥρα | NOUN | N--LFS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 παρέχεσθαι | obl | high | |
| 29 | θέρους | θέρος | NOUN | N--GNS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 ὥρᾳ | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the season/time. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 πέφυκεν | punct | high |