Grammar parses for passage 8.38.4
Open translation for this passage
ἢν δὲ αὐχμὸς χρόνον ἐπέχῃ πολὺν καὶ ἤδη σφίσι τὰ σπέρματα ἐν τῇ γῇ καὶ τὰ δένδρα αὐαίνηται, τηνικαῦτα ὁ ἱερεὺς τοῦ Λυκαίου Διὸς προσευξάμενος ἐς τὸ ὕδωρ καὶ θύσας ὁπόσα ἐστὶν αὐτῷ νόμος, καθίησι δρυὸς κλάδον ἐπιπολῆς καὶ οὐκ ἐς βάθος τῆς πηγῆς·
The sentence has a protasis introduced by ἢν, then an apodosis with the main verb καθίησι; the clause with ὁπόσα ἐστὶν αὐτῷ νόμος is syntactically compressed and slightly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἢν | ἐάν | SCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἐπέχῃ | mark | high | Conditional particle introducing protasis. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 αὐχμὸς | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐχμὸς | αὐχμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 5 ἐπέχῃ | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 5 ἐπέχῃ | obj | high | Accusative of extent/duration. |
| 5 | ἐπέχῃ | ἐπέχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Subjunctive|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of the protasis. |
| 6 | πολὺν | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 4 χρόνον | amod | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 αὐαίνηται | cc | high | Links coordinated clause. |
| 8 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | _ | _ | 18 αὐαίνηται | advmod | high | |
| 9 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dative|Number=Plural|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 18 αὐαίνηται | iobj | high | Dative of disadvantage/possession. |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 11 σπέρματα | det | high | |
| 11 | σπέρματα | σπέρμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 18 αὐαίνηται | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 14 γῇ | case | high | |
| 13 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 14 γῇ | det | high | |
| 14 | γῇ | γῆ | NOUN | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 18 αὐαίνηται | obl | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 αὐαίνηται | cc | high | |
| 16 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 17 δένδρα | det | high | |
| 17 | δένδρα | δένδρον | NOUN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 18 αὐαίνηται | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | αὐαίνηται | αὐαίνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Subjunctive|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 5 ἐπέχῃ | conj | medium | Form is morphologically/orthographically unusual; treated as subjunctive coordinated with ἐπέχῃ. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπέχῃ | punct | high | |
| 20 | τηνικαῦτα | τηνικαῦτα | ADV | _ | _ | 37 καθίησι | advmod | high | |
| 21 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 22 ἱερεὺς | det | high | |
| 22 | ἱερεὺς | ἱερεύς | NOUN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 37 καθίησι | nsubj | high | |
| 23 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 25 Διὸς | det | high | |
| 24 | Λυκαίου | Λύκαιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 25 Διὸς | amod | high | Used attributively with Διός. |
| 25 | Διὸς | Ζεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 22 ἱερεὺς | nmod | high | |
| 26 | προσευξάμενος | προσεύχομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Middle | 22 ἱερεὺς | advcl | high | |
| 27 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 29 ὕδωρ | case | high | |
| 28 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 29 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 29 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 26 προσευξάμενος | obl | high | |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 31 θύσας | cc | high | |
| 31 | θύσας | θύω | VERB | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 22 ἱερεὺς | conj | high | |
| 32 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | PRON | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|PronType=Rel | 33 ἐστὶν | obj | high | Relative/indefinite pronoun introducing clause. |
| 33 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 31 θύσας | advcl | medium | Likely finite clause dependent on θύσας; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 34 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 33 ἐστὶν | obl | high | |
| 35 | νόμος | νόμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 33 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἱερεὺς | punct | high | |
| 37 | καθίησι | καθίημι | VERB | _ | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the apodosis. |
| 38 | δρυὸς | δρῦς | NOUN | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 39 κλάδον | nmod | high | |
| 39 | κλάδον | κλάδος | NOUN | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 37 καθίησι | obj | high | |
| 40 | ἐπιπολῆς | ἐπιπολή | NOUN | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 37 καθίησι | obl | medium | Likely adverbial genitive meaning 'on the surface'. |
| 41 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 42 οὐκ | cc | high | |
| 42 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 37 καθίησι | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 43 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 44 βάθος | case | high | |
| 44 | βάθος | βάθος | NOUN | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 37 καθίησι | obl | high | |
| 45 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 46 πηγῆς | det | high | |
| 46 | πηγῆς | πηγή | NOUN | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 44 βάθος | nmod | high | |
| 47 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 37 καθίησι | punct | high |
ἀνακινηθέντος δὲ τοῦ ὕδατος ἄνεισιν ἀχλὺς ἐοικυῖα ὁμίχλῃ, διαλιποῦσα δὲ ὀλίγον γίνεται νέφος ἡ ἀχλὺς καὶ ἐς αὑτὴν ἄλλα ἐπαγομένη τῶν νεφῶν ὑετὸν τοῖς Ἀρκάσιν ἐς τὴν γῆν κατιέναι ποιεῖ.
The syntax is loosely paratactic: ἄνεισιν, γίνεται, and ποιεῖ form a sequence of coordinated main predications, with participial modifiers (ἀνακινηθέντος, διαλιποῦσα, ἐπαγομένη) attaching to the relevant clauses.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνακινηθέντος | ἀνακινέω | VERB | V-APP-NSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 4 ὕδατος | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 5 ἄνεισιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ὕδατος | det | high | Article modifying ὕδατος. |
| 4 | ὕδατος | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἀνακινηθέντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 5 | ἄνεισιν | ἀνέρχομαι | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 13 γίνεται | advcl | medium | Main clause verb; treated as dependent of γίνεται in the sequence. |
| 6 | ἀχλὺς | ἀχλύς | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἄνεισιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἄνεισιν. |
| 7 | ἐοικυῖα | ἔοικα | VERB | V-RAP-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἀχλὺς | acl | high | Participle agreeing with ἀχλύς. |
| 8 | ὁμίχλῃ | ὁμίχλη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐοικυῖα | obl | high | Dative of comparison/association with ἐοικυῖα. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἄνεισιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | διαλιποῦσα | διαλείπω | VERB | V-AAP-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 γίνεται | advcl | high | Participial clause modifying γίνεται. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 13 γίνεται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 12 | ὀλίγον | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 γίνεται | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative/extent; morphology uncertain. |
| 13 | γίνεται | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predication. |
| 14 | νέφος | νέφος | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 γίνεται | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative/complement with γίνεται. |
| 15 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 ἀχλὺς | det | high | Article with ἀχλὺς. |
| 16 | ἀχλὺς | ἀχλύς | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 γίνεται | nsubj | high | Subject of γίνεται. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 21 ἐπαγομένη | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 ἐπαγομένη | case | high | Preposition governing αὑτήν. |
| 19 | αὑτὴν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 21 ἐπαγομένη | obl | high | Reflexive pronoun. |
| 20 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ἐπαγομένη | obj | medium | Likely object/accusative modifying ἐπαγομένη. |
| 21 | ἐπαγομένη | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-PMP-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 16 ἀχλὺς | conj | high | Coordinated participle modifying ἀχλύς. |
| 22 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 23 νεφῶν | det | high | Article with νεφῶν. |
| 23 | νεφῶν | νεφέλη | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 ἐπαγομένη | obl | medium | Genitive dependent of ἐπαγομένη; semantics uncertain. |
| 24 | ὑετὸν | ὑετός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ποιεῖ | obj | high | Object of ποιεῖ. |
| 25 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 Ἀρκάσιν | det | high | Article with Ἀρκάσιν. |
| 26 | Ἀρκάσιν | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 ποιεῖ | obl | high | Dative recipient/affected. |
| 27 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 29 γῆν | case | high | Preposition governing γῆν. |
| 28 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 γῆν | det | high | Article with γῆν. |
| 29 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 κατιέναι | obl | high | Complement of infinitive. |
| 30 | κατιέναι | κατέρχομαι | VERB | V-PNA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 31 ποιεῖ | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of ποιεῖ. |
| 31 | ποιεῖ | ποιέω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 13 γίνεται | conj | high | Coordination with γίνεται; governs infinitival clause. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 γίνεται | punct | high | Punctuation. |