Grammar parses for passage 8.38.7
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ ἐπὶ τῇ ἄκρᾳ τῇ ἀνωτάτω τοῦ ὄρους γῆς χῶμα, Διὸς τοῦ Λυκαίου βωμός, καὶ ἡ Πελοπόννησος τὰ πολλά ἐστιν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ σύνοπτος·
The sentence has two coordinated predications: χῶμα ... βωμός and Πελοπόννησος ... σύνοπτος; the second copula is overt, while the coordination is attached to the shared nominal predicate structure.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 χῶμα | cop | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 χῶμα | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 ἄκρᾳ | case | high | |
| 4 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἄκρᾳ | det | high | |
| 5 | ἄκρᾳ | ἄκρα | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 χῶμα | obl | high | |
| 6 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀνωτάτω | det | high | |
| 7 | ἀνωτάτω | ἄνωτατος | ADJ | A-DSF-S | Case=Dat|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἄκρᾳ | amod | high | Superlative adjective agreeing with ἄκρᾳ. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ὄρους | det | high | |
| 9 | ὄρους | ὄρος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἄκρᾳ | nmod | high | |
| 10 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 χῶμα | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on χῶμα, likely material/content genitive. |
| 11 | χῶμα | χῶμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 χῶμα | punct | high | |
| 13 | Διὸς | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 βωμός | nmod | high | |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Λυκαίου | det | high | |
| 15 | Λυκαίου | Λυκαῖος | PROPN | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Διὸς | amod | high | Epithet of Zeus. |
| 16 | βωμός | βωμός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 χῶμα | appos | high | Apposition to χῶμα. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 βωμός | punct | high | |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 σύνοπτος | cc | high | |
| 19 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 Πελοπόννησος | det | high | |
| 20 | Πελοπόννησος | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 σύνοπτος | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 πολλά | det | high | Substantivized neuter plural article/adjectival phrase. |
| 22 | πολλά | πολύς | ADJ | A-NPA | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 σύνοπτος | advmod | medium | Adverbial substantivized neuter plural, ‘for the most part’. |
| 23 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 26 σύνοπτος | cop | high | |
| 24 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 25 αὐτοῦ | case | high | |
| 25 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 26 σύνοπτος | obl | high | Reference is to the altar. |
| 26 | σύνοπτος | σύνοπτος | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 χῶμα | conj | medium | Predicate adjective of Πελοπόννησος; coordinated second predication after καί. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 χῶμα | punct | high |
πρὸ δὲ τοῦ βωμοῦ κίονες δύο ὡς ἐπὶ ἀνίσχοντα ἑστήκασιν ἥλιον, ἀετοὶ δὲ ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς ἐπίχρυσοι τά γε ἔτι παλαιότερα ἐπεποίηντο.
The first clause has κίονες as subject of ἑστήκασιν, with ἀνίσχοντα ἥλιον as the accusative object of the comparative/as-if phrase ὡς ἐπὶ. The second clause is elliptical: ἀετοὶ ... ἐπίχρυσοι is the subject/predicate description, while τά γε ἔτι παλαιότερα is the neuter plural object of ἐπεποίηντο (‘had been made’), likely referring to older examples/details; the exact antecedent of τά is uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 4 βωμοῦ | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἑστήκασιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 βωμοῦ | det | high | |
| 4 | βωμοῦ | βωμός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 κίονες | nmod | high | |
| 5 | κίονες | κίων | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἑστήκασιν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | δύο | δύο | NUM | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 5 κίονες | nummod | high | Invariant numeral; agrees syntactically with κίονες. |
| 7 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἑστήκασιν | mark | medium | Introduces an as-if/comparative phrase. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 9 ἀνίσχοντα | case | high | With accusative. |
| 9 | ἀνίσχοντα | ἀνέχω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἥλιον | acl | medium | Present active participle, ‘rising’; token form is masculine accusative singular. |
| 10 | ἑστήκασιν | ἵστημι | VERB | V-RIA3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect-form verb used with present-standing sense; parser morphology may label the form perfect active. |
| 11 | ἥλιον | ἥλιος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀνίσχοντα | obj | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἑστήκασιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἀετοὶ | ἀετός | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἐπεποίηντο | nsubj | medium | Subject of the second clause; the clause is somewhat elliptical. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 ἐπεποίηντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 15 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 16 αὐτοῖς | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 16 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 13 ἀετοὶ | obl | medium | Likely ‘upon them’, referring to the columns. |
| 17 | ἐπίχρυσοι | ἐπίχρυσος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἀετοὶ | amod | high | Predicative adjective is coordinated semantically with ἀετοί. |
| 18 | τά | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 ἐπεποίηντο | obj | medium | Substantivized article/pronominal object; exact antecedent is uncertain. |
| 19 | γε | γε | PART | PART | _ | 18 τά | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 20 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 21 παλαιότερα | advmod | high | |
| 21 | παλαιότερα | παλαιός | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 τά | amod | medium | Neuter plural comparative, substantivized with τά. |
| 22 | ἐπεποίηντο | ποιέω | VERB | V-LMI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Plup|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 10 ἑστήκασιν | conj | medium | Pluperfect middle; the clause’s exact construction and antecedent of τά are uncertain. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἑστήκασιν | punct | high |
ἐπὶ τούτου τοῦ βωμοῦ τῷ Λυκαίῳ Διὶ θύουσιν ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ·
The prepositional phrase ἐπὶ τούτου τοῦ βωμοῦ is a locative adjunct; τῷ Λυκαίῳ Διί is the dative deity complement of θύουσιν, and ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ is an adverbial phrase meaning ‘in secret.’
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 βωμοῦ | case | high | |
| 2 | τούτου | οὗτος | DET | PD-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 βωμοῦ | det | high | |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 βωμοῦ | det | high | |
| 4 | βωμοῦ | βωμός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 θύουσιν | obl | high | Object of ἐπί in the locative sense ‘on/upon’. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Λυκαίῳ | det | high | |
| 6 | Λυκαίῳ | Λυκαῖος | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Διὶ | amod | high | Epithet agreeing with Διί. |
| 7 | Διὶ | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 θύουσιν | iobj | high | Dative recipient/deity to whom sacrifice is made. |
| 8 | θύουσιν | θύω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 ἀπορρήτῳ | case | high | |
| 10 | ἀπορρήτῳ | ἀπόρρητος | ADJ | A-DSN | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 θύουσιν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘in secret’; neuter dative singular. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 θύουσιν | punct | high |
πολυπραγμονῆσαι δὲ οὔ μοι τὰ ἐς τὴν θυσίαν ἡδὺ ἦν, ἐχέτω δὲ ὡς ἔχει καὶ ὡς ἔσχεν ἐξ ἀρχῆς.
The first clause is an impersonal construction: πολυπραγμονῆσαι is the subject of ἦν, with τὰ ἐς τὴν θυσίαν as its object and μοι as ethical/dative experiencer; the second clause is an imperative followed by two ὡς-clauses.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πολυπραγμονῆσαι | πολυπραγμονέω | VERB | V--AMN-- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 10 ἦν | nsubj | high | Articular infinitive is not present; bare infinitive functions as subject of impersonal ἦν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 10 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὔ | οὐ | PART | D--------- | Polarity=Neg | 1 πολυπραγμονῆσαι | advmod | high | Negates the infinitival proposition. |
| 4 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P1-SD--- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 9 ἡδὺ | iobj | medium | Dative of experiencer/ethical dative with ἡδύ. |
| 5 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T---NA-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 1 πολυπραγμονῆσαι | obj | high | Substantivizing article with the following prepositional phrase. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 8 θυσίαν | case | high | |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T---FA-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 θυσίαν | det | high | |
| 8 | θυσίαν | θυσία | NOUN | N--F-A-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 τὰ | nmod | high | ἐς τὴν θυσίαν modifies the substantivized τὰ. |
| 9 | ἡδὺ | ἡδύς | ADJ | A---NA-S- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with impersonal ἦν; neuter singular agrees with the infinitival proposition. |
| 10 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἐχέτω | ἔχω | VERB | V3SPMA-- | Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 ἦν | parataxis | high | Third-person imperative in a new coordinated/paratactic clause. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 12 ἐχέτω | cc | high | |
| 14 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 15 ἔχει | mark | high | Introduces the first manner/comparative subordinate clause. |
| 15 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V3SPIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 12 ἐχέτω | advcl | high | ὡς ἔχει means 'as it is/stands'. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 17 ὡς | cc | high | Coordinates the two ὡς-clauses. |
| 17 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 18 ἔσχεν | mark | high | Introduces the second manner/comparative subordinate clause. |
| 18 | ἔσχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V3SAAI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 12 ἐχέτω | advcl | high | ὡς ἔσχεν ἐξ ἀρχῆς means 'as it was from the beginning'. |
| 19 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R--------- | _ | 20 ἀρχῆς | case | high | |
| 20 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N--F-G-S- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἔσχεν | obl | high | Genitive of temporal origin with ἐξ. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐχέτω | punct | high |