Grammar parses for passage 8.38.7
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ ἐπὶ τῇ ἄκρᾳ τῇ ἀνωτάτω τοῦ ὄρους γῆς χῶμα, Διὸς τοῦ Λυκαίου βωμός, καὶ ἡ Πελοπόννησος τὰ πολλά ἐστιν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ σύνοπτος·
Two coordinated clauses share a descriptive/existential structure; the second clause’s adverbial accusative τὰ πολλά is somewhat uncertain in analysis.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-3spia | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main copular/existential verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 11 χῶμα | case | high | Introduces locative phrase. |
| 4 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἄκρᾳ | det | high | Article modifying ἄκρᾳ. |
| 5 | ἄκρᾳ | ἄκρα | NOUN | N-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 χῶμα | nmod | high | Head of locative complement. |
| 6 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ἀνωτάτω | det | high | Article modifying ἀνωτάτω. |
| 7 | ἀνωτάτω | ἀνωτάτω | ADJ | A-s---fd-s | Case=Dat|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἄκρᾳ | amod | high | Superlative adjective modifying ἄκρᾳ. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-s---gn- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ὄρους | det | high | Article modifying ὄρους. |
| 9 | ὄρους | ὄρος | NOUN | N-s---gn- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἄκρᾳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἄκρᾳ. |
| 10 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | N-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 χῶμα | nmod | medium | Likely genitive dependent of χῶμα, expressing material/measure. |
| 11 | χῶμα | χῶμα | NOUN | N-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔστι. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 χῶμα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | Διὸς | Ζεύς | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 βωμός | nmod | high | Genitive possessor/descriptor of βωμός. |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 Λυκαίου | det | high | Article modifying Λυκαίου. |
| 15 | Λυκαίου | Λύκαιος | ADJ | A-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Διὸς | amod | high | Attributive adjective with Διός. |
| 16 | βωμός | βωμός | NOUN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 χῶμα | appos | high | Appositive to χῶμα. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 βωμός | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 ἐστιν | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause with the first. |
| 19 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 Πελοπόννησος | det | high | Article modifying Πελοπόννησος. |
| 20 | Πελοπόννησος | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | Ne-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 21 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 πολλά | det | high | Article modifying πολλά. |
| 22 | πολλά | πολύς | ADJ | A-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 ἐστιν | obj | medium | Adverbial accusative meaning 'for the most part' or 'mostly'. |
| 23 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-3spia | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second finite copular/existential verb; coordinating root to first clause. |
| 24 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 26 σύνοπτος | case | high | Marks source/position in relation to αὐτοῦ. |
| 25 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 26 σύνοπτος | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό. |
| 26 | σύνοπτος | σύνοπτος | ADJ | A-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 Πελοπόννησος | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective agreeing with Πελοπόννησος; surface form appears feminine nominative. |
| 27 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
πρὸ δὲ τοῦ βωμοῦ κίονες δύο ὡς ἐπὶ ἀνίσχοντα ἑστήκασιν ἥλιον, ἀετοὶ δὲ ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς ἐπίχρυσοι τά γε ἔτι παλαιότερα ἐπεποίηντο.
Two coordinated main clauses with ellipsis-like historical description; the first comparative phrase with ὡς ἐπὶ ἀνίσχοντα ἥλιον is the main area of syntactic uncertainty.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 4 βωμοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing τοῦ βωμοῦ. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 5 κίονες | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM? | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 βωμοῦ | det | high | Article modifying βωμοῦ. |
| 4 | βωμοῦ | βωμός | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 κίονες | nmod | high | Genitive complement of πρὸ. |
| 5 | κίονες | κίων | NOUN | N-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἑστήκασιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἑστήκασιν. |
| 6 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 5 κίονες | nummod | high | Numeral modifying κίονες. |
| 7 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 10 ἑστήκασιν | mark | medium | Introduces comparison/construction with participle. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 11 ἥλιον | case | high | Preposition governing ἥλιον. |
| 9 | ἀνίσχοντα | ἀνίσχω | VERB | V-PPAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἥλιον | amod | medium | Participial modifier of ἥλιον; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 10 | ἑστήκασιν | ἵστημι | VERB | V-3PRAI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 11 | ἥλιον | ἥλιος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἑστήκασιν | obl | medium | Adverbial/comparative object of ὡς ἐπὶ. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἑστήκασιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | ἀετοὶ | ἀετός | NOUN | N-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἐπεποίηντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπεποίηντο. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 13 ἀετοὶ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 15 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | AdpType=Prep | 16 αὐτοῖς | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτοῖς. |
| 16 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 ἐπίχρυσοι | obl | high | Dative object of ἐπʼ. |
| 17 | ἐπίχρυσοι | ἐπίχρυσος | ADJ | A-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἀετοὶ | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying ἀετοὶ. |
| 18 | τά | ὁ | DET | T-AP---N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 ἐπεποίηντο | obj | medium | Likely object/demonstrative-like article in idiomatic usage; text is syntactically difficult. |
| 19 | γε | γε | PART | G-------- | _ | 18 τά | advmod | high | Enclitic emphasis particle. |
| 20 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 21 παλαιότερα | advmod | high | Modifies παλαιότερα. |
| 21 | παλαιότερα | παλαιός | ADJ | A-AP---NC- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ἐπεποίηντο | advmod | medium | Used adverbially: 'in earlier times / formerly'. |
| 22 | ἐπεποίηντο | ποιέω | VERB | V-3PPI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐπεποίηντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἐπὶ τούτου τοῦ βωμοῦ τῷ Λυκαίῳ Διὶ θύουσιν ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ·
The phrase ἐπὶ τούτου τοῦ βωμοῦ is treated as a genitive oblique governed by ἐπί; ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ is parsed as an adverbial oblique with somewhat uncertain nuance.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | Case=Gen | 4 βωμοῦ | case | high | Governed by the genitive demonstrative phrase. |
| 2 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | PD- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Dem | 4 βωμοῦ | det | high | Demonstrative modifying βωμοῦ. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 βωμοῦ | det | high | Article modifying βωμοῦ. |
| 4 | βωμοῦ | βωμός | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 θύουσιν | obl | high | Genitive object of ἐπὶ, dependent on the verb. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Διὶ | det | high | Article with Λυκαίῳ. |
| 6 | Λυκαίῳ | Λύκαιος | ADJ | A- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Διὶ | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying Διί. |
| 7 | Διὶ | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 θύουσιν | iobj | medium | Dative recipient/deity; lemma normalized to Zeus. |
| 8 | θύουσιν | θύω | VERB | V-3PPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | Case=Dat | 10 ἀπορρήτῳ | case | high | Introduces a dative phrase. |
| 10 | ἀπορρήτῳ | ἀπόρρητος | ADJ | A- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 θύουσιν | obl | medium | Likely adverbial/dative of manner or circumstance; neuter singular form. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 θύουσιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
πολυπραγμονῆσαι δὲ οὔ μοι τὰ ἐς τὴν θυσίαν ἡδὺ ἦν, ἐχέτω δὲ ὡς ἔχει καὶ ὡς ἔσχεν ἐξ ἀρχῆς.
The first clause is a copular construction with a clausal subject (polupragmonēsai) and predicative adjective; the second is an imperative with two coordinated ὡς-clauses dependent on ἐχέτω.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πολυπραγμονῆσαι | πολυπραγμονέω | VERB | V-APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 10 ἦν | csubj | high | Articular infinitive functioning as clausal subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 1 πολυπραγμονῆσαι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὔ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 10 ἦν | advmod | high | Negative particle. |
| 4 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1NS-D | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 10 ἦν | iobj | high | Dative of reference/interest with ἦν. |
| 5 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 θυσίαν | det | high | Article modifying θυσίαν. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 8 θυσίαν | case | high | Preposition governing θυσίαν. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 θυσίαν | det | high | Article modifying θυσίαν. |
| 8 | θυσίαν | θυσία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 πολυπραγμονῆσαι | obl | medium | Accusative phrase dependent on πολυπραγμονῆσαι. |
| 9 | ἡδὺ | ἡδύς | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἦν | xcomp | low | Likely predicative complement with ἦν; form may reflect neuter singular predicate. |
| 10 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular-predicative core of first clause. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἦν | punct | high | Comma. |
| 12 | ἐχέτω | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAM-3S | Mood=Imp|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἦν | parataxis | high | Imperative introducing a new directive clause. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 12 ἐχέτω | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 14 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἔχει | mark | high | Marks comparative/functional clause. |
| 15 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 ἐχέτω | advcl | high | Subordinate clause dependent on ἐχέτω. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ὡς | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 17 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἔσχεν | mark | high | Marks second subordinate clause. |
| 18 | ἔσχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 12 ἐχέτω | advcl | high | Coordination with ἔχει under the imperative. |
| 19 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R- | _ | 20 ἀρχῆς | case | high | Preposition governing ἀρχῆς. |
| 20 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἔσχεν | obl | high | Adverbial genitive with ἐξ. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἦν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |