Grammar parses for passage 8.38.9
Open translation for this passage
ταῦτα μὲν οὕτω ποιεῖν νομίζουσι,
The infinitive ποιεῖν is a complementary infinitive dependent on νομίζουσι; ταῦτα is its accusative object, while μὲν is a discourse particle anticipating contrast.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | Pd----na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 4 ποιεῖν | obj | high | Neuter plural accusative demonstrative, object of ποιεῖν. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | D-------- | _ | 5 νομίζουσι | discourse | high | Correlative/contrastive particle. |
| 3 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 4 ποιεῖν | advmod | high | Demonstrative adverb modifying ποιεῖν. |
| 4 | ποιεῖν | ποιέω | VERB | V---PAN-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 νομίζουσι | xcomp | high | Present active infinitive complementary to νομίζουσι. |
| 5 | νομίζουσι | νομίζω | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 νομίζουσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τοῦ Λυκαίου δὲ τὰ πρὸς τῆς ἄρκτου γῆ ἐστιν ἡ Θεισοαία· οἱ δὲ ἄνθρωποι μάλιστα οἱ ταύτῃ νύμφην τὴν Θεισόαν ἄγουσιν ἐν τιμῇ.
Sentence 1 is an existential locative construction: τὰ πρὸς τῆς ἄρκτου is the subject/topic, γῆ the predicate noun, and ἡ Θεισοαία appositional or identificational. Sentence 2 has οἱ ἄνθρωποι as subject, οἱ ταύτῃ as a substantivized relative-like phrase (‘those here’), and Θεισόαν as the object of ἄγουσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-dsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 Λυκαίου | det | high | |
| 2 | Λυκαίου | Λύκαιος | PROPN | Ne-dsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 γῆ | nmod | high | Genitive of reference/association. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 γῆ | cc | high | |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-pan | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 γῆ | det | high | Substantivizes the following prepositional phrase. |
| 5 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 ἄρκτου | case | high | |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-dsf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἄρκτου | det | high | |
| 7 | ἄρκτου | ἄρκτος | NOUN | N-gsf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 τὰ | nmod | high | Object of πρός in the directional/geographical phrase. |
| 8 | γῆ | γῆ | NOUN | N-nsf | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-nsf | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Θεισοαία | det | high | |
| 11 | Θεισοαία | Θεισοαία | PROPN | Ne-nsf | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 γῆ | appos | high | Identifies γῆ. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-npm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἄνθρωποι | det | high | |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 ἄγουσιν | cc | high | |
| 15 | ἄνθρωποι | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-npm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἄγουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 22 ἄγουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 17 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-npm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ταύτῃ | det | medium | Substantivizing article with ταύτῃ; likely ‘those here’. |
| 18 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-dsf | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἄνθρωποι | nmod | medium | Dative feminine, probably elliptical ταύτῃ [τῇ χώρᾳ] (‘in this place’); οἱ ταύτῃ is substantivized. |
| 19 | νύμφην | νύμφη | NOUN | N-asf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἄγουσιν | obj | high | Predicate/object complement with Θεισόαν. |
| 20 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-asf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 Θεισόαν | det | high | |
| 21 | Θεισόαν | Θεισοαία | PROPN | Ne-asf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 νύμφην | nmod | high | Accusative proper name appositional to νύμφην; spelling is contracted/variant. |
| 22 | ἄγουσιν | ἄγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 23 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 τιμῇ | case | high | |
| 24 | τιμῇ | τιμή | NOUN | N-dsf | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἄγουσιν | obl | high | |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἄγουσιν | punct | high |
διὰ δὲ τῆς χώρας τῆς Θεισοαίας ῥέοντες ἐμβάλλουσιν ἐς τὸν Ἀλφειὸν Μυλάων,
The participle ῥέοντες is nominative plural and shares the implicit masculine plural subject of ἐμβάλλουσιν; Μυλάων is a genitive plural dependent on Ἀλφειόν, identifying the streams as those of Mylae.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | διὰ | διά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 8 ἐμβάλλουσιν | case | high | Preposition governing the following genitive phrase. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἐμβάλλουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 χώρας | det | high | |
| 4 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐμβάλλουσιν | obl | high | Genitive object of διά. |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Θεισοαίας | det | high | |
| 6 | Θεισοαίας | Θεισοαία | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 χώρας | appos | high | Proper-name apposition specifying χώρας. |
| 7 | ῥέοντες | ῥέω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἐμβάλλουσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial present participle, agreeing with the implicit subject of ἐμβάλλουσιν. |
| 8 | ἐμβάλλουσιν | ἐμβάλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 11 Ἀλφειὸν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς, governing the accusative. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Ἀλφειὸν | det | high | |
| 11 | Ἀλφειὸν | Ἀλφειός | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐμβάλλουσιν | obl | high | Accusative destination with εἰς. |
| 12 | Μυλάων | Μύλαι | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 Ἀλφειὸν | nmod | medium | Genitive plural place-name, likely specifying or identifying the Alpheios; syntactic attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐμβάλλουσιν | punct | high |
ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτῷ Νοῦς καὶ Ἀχελῷος καὶ Κέλαδός τε καὶ Νάλιφος.
Elliptical nominal/list construction after ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτῷ; the four names are coordinated, with Νοῦς as the root anchor.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Νοῦς | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 Νοῦς | cc | high | |
| 3 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-D-D-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 4 Νοῦς | obl | medium | Dative with ἐπί; exact semantic relation depends on the elliptical context. |
| 4 | Νοῦς | Νοῦς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | First item in an elliptical nominal/list construction; proper name. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 Ἀχελῷος | cc | high | |
| 6 | Ἀχελῷος | Ἀχελῷος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Νοῦς | conj | medium | Coordinated with Νοῦς. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 Κέλαδός | cc | high | |
| 8 | Κέλαδός | Κέλαδος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀχελῷος | conj | medium | Proper name; coordinated in the list. |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 Κέλαδός | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 Νάλιφος | cc | high | |
| 11 | Νάλιφος | Νάλιφος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Κέλαδός | conj | medium | Proper name; final coordinated item. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 Νοῦς | punct | high |
Ἀχελῴω δὲ τῷ Ἀρκάδι εἰσιν ἄλλοι δύο ὁμώνυμοί τε αὐτῷ ποταμοὶ καὶ τὰ ἐς δόξαν φανερώτεροι·
The dative phrase Ἀχελῴω τῷ Ἀρκάδι is possessive/associative (‘the Arcadian Achelous has’); εἰσιν is existential, with ποταμοὶ as its plural subject. τὰ ἐς δόξαν φανερώτεροι is elliptical/irregularly transmitted; τὰ is treated as an accusative neuter plural substantivized object-like complement of φανερώτεροι, with low confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀχελῴω | Ἀχελώος | PROPN | Neut.Dat.Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀρκάδι | nmod | medium | Dative name in possessive/associative construction; form is morphologically ambiguous in isolation. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 εἰσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Art.Dat.Sg.Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀρκάδι | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀρκάδι | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | Masc.Dat.Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 εἰσιν | iobj | medium | Dative possessor/experiencer with εἰσιν: ‘to the Arcadian Achelous there are’. |
| 5 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-3P Präs Ind Akt | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular predicate. |
| 6 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | Adj.Nom.Pl.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ποταμοὶ | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of ποταμοὶ. |
| 7 | δύο | δύο | NUM | Card.Nom.Acc | Case=Nom|Number=Plur | 11 ποταμοὶ | nummod | high | Cardinal modifying ποταμοὶ. |
| 8 | ὁμώνυμοί | ὁμώνυμος | ADJ | Adj.Nom.Pl.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ποταμοὶ | amod | high | Predicate-like adjective agreeing with ποταμοὶ. |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ὁμώνυμοί | cc | high | Coordinates ὁμώνυμοί with the following phrase. |
| 10 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | Pron.Dat.Sg.Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 8 ὁμώνυμοί | obl | high | Dative of reference/association: ‘sharing his name’. |
| 11 | ποταμοὶ | ποταμός | NOUN | Noun.Nom.Pl.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 φανερώτεροι | cc | medium | Coordinates the second descriptive predicate/phrase. |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | Art.Acc.Pl.Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 φανερώτεροι | obj | low | Likely substantivized/elliptical object-like phrase; syntax and transmitted wording are uncertain. |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 δόξαν | case | high | |
| 15 | δόξαν | δόξα | NOUN | Noun.Acc.Sg.Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 τὰ | nmod | high | Accusative governed by ἐς. |
| 16 | φανερώτεροι | φανερός | ADJ | Adj.Nom.Pl.Masc | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ποταμοὶ | conj | low | Comparative adjective coordinated with ὁμώνυμοί; agreement and relation to τὰ ἐς δόξαν are syntactically elliptical. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 εἰσιν | punct | high |