Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 8.39.2

← 8.39.1 8.39.3 →

Passage 8.39.2

Open translation for this passage

2sentences parsed

70Greek tokens

1,762input tokens

4,799output tokens

Sentence 1

8.39.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 51
Input: 1,020
Output: 3,365
Total: 4,385

τὰ δὲ ἐς τὸν Λυκάονος Φίγαλον---οὗτος γὰρ δὴ τῇ πόλει τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἐγένετο οἰκιστής---καὶ ὡς μετέβαλεν ἀνὰ χρόνον ἀπὸ Φιάλου Βουκολίωνος τὸ ὄνομα ἡ πόλις καὶ αὖθις τε ἀνεσώσατο τὸ ἀρχαῖον, τόδε μὲν καὶ πρότερον ἔτι ἐσήμαινεν ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος·

The passage has an elliptical topicalized object at τὰ δὲ ἐς τὸν Λυκάονος Φίγαλον; οὗτος resumes Φίγαλος, while ὡς introduces the temporal clause. Hyphen tokens are represented as punctuation and attached to the nearest discourse unit.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τὰ	ὁ	DET	RA----NPA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	47 ἐσήμαινεν	obj	medium	Substantivized neuter plural, topicalized object; exact scope is elliptical.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	--------	_	1 τὰ	cc	high
3	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	--------	_	4 τὸν	case	high	Variant form of εἰς.
4	τὸν	ὁ	DET	RA----ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 Φίγαλον	det	high
5	Λυκάονος	Λυκάων	PROPN	NE----GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 Φίγαλον	nmod	medium	Genitive in the place-name phrase; construction is compressed.
6	Φίγαλον	Φίγαλος	PROPN	NE----ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 τὰ	obl	medium	Place-name/person-name form in an elliptical topical phrase.
7	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	6 Φίγαλον	punct	high	Em dash token.
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	6 Φίγαλον	punct	high	Em dash token.
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	6 Φίγαλον	punct	high	Em dash token.
10	οὗτος	οὗτος	PRON	RD----NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 ἐγένετο	nsubj	high	Resumptive demonstrative referring to Φίγαλος.
11	γὰρ	γάρ	CCONJ	--------	_	18 ἐγένετο	discourse	high
12	δὴ	δή	PART	--------	_	18 ἐγένετο	discourse	high
13	τῇ	ὁ	DET	RA----DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 πόλει	det	high
14	πόλει	πόλις	NOUN	N2----DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 οἰκιστής	iobj	high	Dative of the city as recipient/beneficiary of founding.
15	τὸ	ὁ	DET	RA----ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	17 ἀρχῆς	det	high
16	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	--------	_	17 ἀρχῆς	case	high	Variant form of ἐκ.
17	ἀρχῆς	ἀρχή	NOUN	N1----GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 ἐγένετο	obl	high	With τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς, adverbial temporal phrase.
18	ἐγένετο	γίγνομαι	VERB	V3SAMI----	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb of the parenthetical clause.
19	οἰκιστής	οἰκιστής	NOUN	N2----NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 ἐγένετο	xcomp	high	Predicate nominative.
20	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	18 ἐγένετο	punct	high	Em dash token.
21	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	18 ἐγένετο	punct	high	Em dash token.
22	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	18 ἐγένετο	punct	high	Em dash token.
23	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	--------	_	25 μετέβαλεν	cc	high	Coordinates the following temporal clause with the parenthetical statement.
24	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	--------	_	25 μετέβαλεν	mark	high	Temporal/subordinate conjunction.
25	μετέβαλεν	μεταβάλλω	VERB	V3SAAI----	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	47 ἐσήμαινεν	advcl	high	Temporal clause; subject is ἡ πόλις.
26	ἀνὰ	ἀνά	ADP	--------	_	27 χρόνον	case	high
27	χρόνον	χρόνος	NOUN	N2----ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 μετέβαλεν	obl	high	Adverbial accusative with ἀνά.
28	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	--------	_	29 Φιάλου	case	high
29	Φιάλου	Φίαλος	PROPN	NE----GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	32 ὄνομα	nmod	high	Genitive source/name complement.
30	Βουκολίωνος	Βουκολίων	PROPN	NE----GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	29 Φιάλου	flat	medium	Second element of the proper-name phrase.
31	τὸ	ὁ	DET	RA----ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	32 ὄνομα	det	high
32	ὄνομα	ὄνομα	NOUN	N3----ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	25 μετέβαλεν	obj	high	Object of μετέβαλεν.
33	ἡ	ὁ	DET	RA----NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	34 πόλις	det	high
34	πόλις	πόλις	NOUN	N1----NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	25 μετέβαλεν	nsubj	high	Subject of μετέβαλεν and ἀνεσώσατο.
35	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	--------	_	38 ἀνεσώσατο	cc	high
36	αὖθις	αὖθις	ADV	--------	_	38 ἀνεσώσατο	advmod	high
37	τε	τε	CCONJ	--------	_	38 ἀνεσώσατο	cc	high	Correlative enclitic coordinating the second verb.
38	ἀνεσώσατο	ἀνασῴζω	VERB	V3SAMI----	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	25 μετέβαλεν	conj	medium	Middle voice; coordinated with μετέβαλεν, with shared subject.
39	τὸ	ὁ	DET	RA----ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	40 ἀρχαῖον	det	high
40	ἀρχαῖον	ἀρχαῖος	ADJ	A1----ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	38 ἀνεσώσατο	obj	high	Substantivized adjective, ‘the ancient [name/thing]’.
41	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	47 ἐσήμαινεν	punct	high
42	τόδε	ὅδε	PRON	DD----NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	47 ἐσήμαινεν	nsubj	medium	Demonstrative subject, referring to the foregoing matter.
43	μὲν	μέν	PART	--------	_	42 τόδε	discourse	high	Correlative particle, with no explicit δέ in this sentence.
44	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	--------	_	45 πρότερον	advmod	high	Here additive/focusing, ‘even/already’.
45	πρότερον	πρότερος	ADV	--------	_	47 ἐσήμαινεν	advmod	high	Adverbial comparative form.
46	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	--------	_	45 πρότερον	advmod	high	Modifies πρότερον.
47	ἐσήμαινεν	σημαίνω	VERB	V3SIAI----	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Impf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Finite verb of the main clause; τὰ is its topicalized object.
48	ἡμῖν	ἐγώ	PRON	RP----D-P	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=1	47 ἐσήμαινεν	iobj	high
49	ὁ	ὁ	DET	RA----NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	50 λόγος	det	high
50	λόγος	λόγος	NOUN	N2----NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	47 ἐσήμαινεν	nsubj	high
51	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	47 ἐσήμαινεν	punct	high	Greek middle dot.

Sentence 2

8.39.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 19
Input: 742
Output: 1,434
Total: 2,176

λέγεται δὲ καὶ ἄλλα οὐκ ἀξιόχρεα ἐς πίστιν, ἄνδρα αὐτόχθονα εἶναι τὸν Φίγαλον καὶ οὐ Λυκάονος παῖδα·

λέγεται is impersonal/passive ‘it is said’; the accusative–infinitive clause (10–18) is its reported content. ἄλλα is neuter plural accusative, with ἀξιόχρεα as predicate adjective; within the infinitival clause, τὸν Φίγαλον is the subject of εἶναι, with ἄνδρα and παῖδα coordinated predicates. The final οὐ negates the predicate Λυκάονος παῖδα.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	λέγεται	λέγω	VERB	V-PIE-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	high	Impersonal passive, ‘it is said’.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 λέγεται	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	4 ἄλλα	cc	high	Coordinates ἄλλα with the preceding understood material.
4	ἄλλα	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	1 λέγεται	obj	high	Substantivized neuter plural accusative, ‘other things’.
5	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	PART	_	6 ἀξιόχρεα	advmod	high	Negates ἀξιόχρεα.
6	ἀξιόχρεα	ἀξιόχρεως	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	4 ἄλλα	amod	high	Predicate-like adjective modifying substantivized ἄλλα.
7	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	8 πίστιν	case	high	Variant of εἰς governing accusative.
8	πίστιν	πίστις	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 ἀξιόχρεα	obl	high	‘For credibility’; complement of ἀξιόχρεα.
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 λέγεται	punct	high
10	ἄνδρα	ἀνήρ	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 εἶναι	xcomp	medium	Predicate accusative in the infinitival clause; coordinated with παῖδα.
11	αὐτόχθονα	αὐτόχθων	ADJ	A-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 ἄνδρα	amod	high	Adjective modifying ἄνδρα.
12	εἶναι	εἰμί	AUX	V-PNA	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	1 λέγεται	ccomp	high	Infinitive introducing reported speech/content.
13	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 Φίγαλον	det	high	Article with Φίγαλον.
14	Φίγαλον	Φίγαλος	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 εἶναι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive.
15	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	18 παῖδα	cc	high	Coordinates the two predicate accusatives.
16	οὐ	οὐ	PART	PART	_	18 παῖδα	advmod	high	Negates the second predicate.
17	Λυκάονος	Λυκάων	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 παῖδα	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on παῖδα, ‘child of Lycaon’.
18	παῖδα	παῖς	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 εἶναι	xcomp	high	Second predicate accusative, coordinated with ἄνδρα; οὐ negates the phrase.
19	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	1 λέγεται	punct	high

← 8.39.1 8.39.3 →