Grammar parses for passage 8.39.3
Open translation for this passage
Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ ἡνίκα Ἀρκάσιν ἐπεχείρησαν καὶ ἐσέβαλον ἐς τὴν Φιγαλίαν στρατιᾷ, μάχῃ τε νικῶσι τοὺς ἐπιχωρίους καὶ ἐπολιόρκουν προσκαθεζόμενοι·
The temporal ἡνίκα-clause governs ἐπεχείρησαν and ἐσέβαλον; στρατιᾷ is an instrumental dative with ἐσέβαλον, while μάχῃ is an instrumental dative with νικῶσι. The passage shifts imperfectly between νικῶσι (historical present) and ἐπολιόρκουν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N--PMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 νικῶσι | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G--------- | _ | 15 νικῶσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἡνίκα | ἡνίκα | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 5 ἐπεχείρησαν | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 4 | Ἀρκάσιν | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N--P-DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπεχείρησαν | obl | medium | Dative with ἐπεχείρησαν, likely the people against whom action was undertaken. |
| 5 | ἐπεχείρησαν | ἐπιχειρέω | VERB | V--IAI3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 ἐσέβαλον | advcl | high | First verb of the ἡνίκα temporal clause. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 7 ἐσέβαλον | cc | high | |
| 7 | ἐσέβαλον | ἐσβάλλω | VERB | V--IAI3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 15 νικῶσι | advcl | high | Coordinated with ἐπεχείρησαν within the temporal clause. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 10 Φιγαλίαν | case | high | |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Φιγαλίαν | det | high | |
| 10 | Φιγαλίαν | Φιγαλία | PROPN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐσέβαλον | obl | high | |
| 11 | στρατιᾷ | στρατιά | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐσέβαλον | obl | medium | Instrumental/means dative: by an army. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 νικῶσι | punct | high | |
| 13 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 νικῶσι | obl | high | Instrumental/means dative: in battle. |
| 14 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 15 νικῶσι | cc | high | Correlative τε with καί at token 18. |
| 15 | νικῶσι | νικάω | VERB | V-PP-AI3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Historical present; coordinates with ἐπολιόρκουν. |
| 16 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἐπιχωρίους | det | high | |
| 17 | ἐπιχωρίους | ἐπιχώριος | ADJ | A--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 νικῶσι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, the local inhabitants. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 19 ἐπολιόρκουν | cc | high | Coordinates ἐπολιόρκουν with νικῶσι. |
| 19 | ἐπολιόρκουν | πολιορκέω | VERB | V-IAI3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 15 νικῶσι | conj | high | |
| 20 | προσκαθεζόμενοι | προσκαθέζομαι | VERB | V-PNP-NMP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 19 ἐπολιόρκουν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, agreeing with Λακεδαιμόνιοι. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 νικῶσι | punct | high |
κινδυνεύοντος δὲ ἁλῶναι τοῦ τείχους ἐκδιδράσκουσιν οἱ Φιγαλεῖς, ἢ καὶ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι σφᾶς ἀφιᾶσιν ἐξελθεῖν ὑποσπόνδους.
Genitive absolute κινδυνεύοντος ... τοῦ τείχους sets the circumstance; ἢ καί introduces an alternative explanation, with σφᾶς as the accusative subject of ἐξελθεῖν and ὑποσπόνδους as its predicative complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κινδυνεύοντος | κινδυνεύω | VERB | PAPMSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 τείχους | acl | high | First member of a genitive absolute. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 κινδυνεύοντος | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἁλῶναι | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 1 κινδυνεύοντος | xcomp | medium | Aorist passive infinitive, complementary with κινδυνεύοντος; lexical lemma convention varies between ἁλίσκομαι and ἁλίσκω. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | DGSMN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 τείχους | det | high | |
| 5 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | NGSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐκδιδράσκουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive-absolute participle. |
| 6 | ἐκδιδράσκουσιν | ἐκδιδράσκω | VERB | VPAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | DPMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 Φιγαλεῖς | det | high | |
| 8 | Φιγαλεῖς | Φιγαλεύς | PROPN | NPMPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐκδιδράσκουσιν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐκδιδράσκουσιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἀφιᾶσιν | cc | high | Alternative coordinating conjunction. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | cc | high | Additive particle within the alternative clause. |
| 12 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | DPMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | |
| 13 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | NPMPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἀφιᾶσιν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 14 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P3APAM | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 16 ἐξελθεῖν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 15 | ἀφιᾶσιν | ἀφίημι | VERB | VPAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 ἐκδιδράσκουσιν | conj | high | Alternative main verb coordinated with ἐκδιδράσκουσιν. |
| 16 | ἐξελθεῖν | ἐξέρχομαι | VERB | AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 15 ἀφιᾶσιν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after ἀφιᾶσιν. |
| 17 | ὑποσπόνδους | ὑπόσπονδος | ADJ | A4PAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 σφᾶς | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative adjective agreeing with σφᾶς; could be analyzed as an open clausal complement of ἐξελθεῖν. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐκδιδράσκουσιν | punct | high |
ἐγένετο δὲ ἡ τῆς Φιγαλίας ἅλωσις καὶ Φιγαλέων ἡ ἐξ αὐτῆς φυγὴ Μιλτιάδου μὲν Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος, δευτέρῳ δὲ ἔτει τῆς τριακοστῆς Ὀλυμπιάδος, ἣν Χίονις Λάκων ἐνίκα τὸ τρίτον.
The sentence has two coordinated nominative subjects (ἅλωσις and φυγή), followed by a genitive absolute and a temporal dative; the relative clause modifies Ὀλυμπιάδος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-API-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐγένετο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NGF-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἅλωσις | det | high | |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF-SG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Φιγαλίας | det | high | |
| 5 | Φιγαλίας | Φιγάλεια | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἅλωσις | nmod | high | |
| 6 | ἅλωσις | ἅλωσις | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 φυγὴ | cc | high | |
| 8 | Φιγαλέων | Φιγαλεύς | PROPN | N-GMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 φυγὴ | nmod | high | |
| 9 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 φυγὴ | det | high | |
| 10 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 φυγὴ | case | high | |
| 11 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 10 ἐξ | obl | high | Refers to Φιγαλία. |
| 12 | φυγὴ | φυγή | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐγένετο | conj | high | |
| 13 | Μιλτιάδου | Μιλτιάδης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἄρχοντος | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute with ἄρχοντος. |
| 14 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 13 Μιλτιάδου | discourse | high | |
| 15 | Ἀθήνῃσιν | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N-DPF | Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 ἄρχοντος | obl | medium | Epic/Ionic locative plural, ‘at Athens’. |
| 16 | ἄρχοντος | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 ἐγένετο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἄρχοντος | punct | high | |
| 18 | δευτέρῳ | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἔτει | amod | high | Substantivized ordinal modifying ἔτει. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 ἔτει | cc | high | |
| 20 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Temporal dative. |
| 21 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF-SG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 Ὀλυμπιάδος | det | high | |
| 22 | τριακοστῆς | τριακοστός | ADJ | A-GSF-SG | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 Ὀλυμπιάδος | amod | high | |
| 23 | Ὀλυμπιάδος | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἔτει | nmod | high | |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἔτει | punct | high | |
| 25 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | P-RA-FSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 28 ἐνίκα | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Ὀλυμπιάδα. |
| 26 | Χίονις | Χίονις | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἐνίκα | nsubj | high | |
| 27 | Λάκων | Λάκων | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 Χίονις | appos | high | Apposition: Chionis, a Lacedaemonian. |
| 28 | ἐνίκα | νικάω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 20 ἔτει | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 29 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 30 τρίτον | det | high | |
| 30 | τρίτον | τρίτος | ADJ | A-ANS | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 ἐνίκα | advmod | high | Substantivized ordinal adverbial: ‘for the third time’. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐγένετο | punct | high |