Grammar parses for passage 8.39.3
Open translation for this passage
Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ ἡνίκα Ἀρκάσιν ἐπεχείρησαν καὶ ἐσέβαλον ἐς τὴν Φιγαλίαν στρατιᾷ, μάχῃ τε νικῶσι τοὺς ἐπιχωρίους καὶ ἐπολιόρκουν προσκαθεζόμενοι·
The temporal ἡνίκα-clause governs ἐπεχείρησαν and ἐσέβαλον; στρατιᾷ is an instrumental dative with ἐσέβαλον, while μάχῃ is an instrumental dative with νικῶσι. The passage shifts imperfectly between νικῶσι (historical present) and ἐπολιόρκουν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N--PMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 νικῶσι | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G--------- | _ | 15 νικῶσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἡνίκα | ἡνίκα | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 5 ἐπεχείρησαν | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 4 | Ἀρκάσιν | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N--P-DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐπεχείρησαν | obl | medium | Dative with ἐπεχείρησαν, likely the people against whom action was undertaken. |
| 5 | ἐπεχείρησαν | ἐπιχειρέω | VERB | V--IAI3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 ἐσέβαλον | advcl | high | First verb of the ἡνίκα temporal clause. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 7 ἐσέβαλον | cc | high | |
| 7 | ἐσέβαλον | ἐσβάλλω | VERB | V--IAI3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 15 νικῶσι | advcl | high | Coordinated with ἐπεχείρησαν within the temporal clause. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 10 Φιγαλίαν | case | high | |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Φιγαλίαν | det | high | |
| 10 | Φιγαλίαν | Φιγαλία | PROPN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐσέβαλον | obl | high | |
| 11 | στρατιᾷ | στρατιά | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐσέβαλον | obl | medium | Instrumental/means dative: by an army. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 νικῶσι | punct | high | |
| 13 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 νικῶσι | obl | high | Instrumental/means dative: in battle. |
| 14 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 15 νικῶσι | cc | high | Correlative τε with καί at token 18. |
| 15 | νικῶσι | νικάω | VERB | V-PP-AI3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Historical present; coordinates with ἐπολιόρκουν. |
| 16 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἐπιχωρίους | det | high | |
| 17 | ἐπιχωρίους | ἐπιχώριος | ADJ | A--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 νικῶσι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, the local inhabitants. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 19 ἐπολιόρκουν | cc | high | Coordinates ἐπολιόρκουν with νικῶσι. |
| 19 | ἐπολιόρκουν | πολιορκέω | VERB | V-IAI3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 15 νικῶσι | conj | high | |
| 20 | προσκαθεζόμενοι | προσκαθέζομαι | VERB | V-PNP-NMP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 19 ἐπολιόρκουν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, agreeing with Λακεδαιμόνιοι. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 νικῶσι | punct | high |
κινδυνεύοντος δὲ ἁλῶναι τοῦ τείχους ἐκδιδράσκουσιν οἱ Φιγαλεῖς, ἢ καὶ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι σφᾶς ἀφιᾶσιν ἐξελθεῖν ὑποσπόνδους.
Genitive absolute κινδυνεύοντος ... τοῦ τείχους sets the circumstance; ἢ καί introduces an alternative explanation, with σφᾶς as the accusative subject of ἐξελθεῖν and ὑποσπόνδους as its predicative complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κινδυνεύοντος | κινδυνεύω | VERB | PAPMSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 τείχους | acl | high | First member of a genitive absolute. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 κινδυνεύοντος | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἁλῶναι | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 1 κινδυνεύοντος | xcomp | medium | Aorist passive infinitive, complementary with κινδυνεύοντος; lexical lemma convention varies between ἁλίσκομαι and ἁλίσκω. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | DGSMN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 τείχους | det | high | |
| 5 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | NGSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐκδιδράσκουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive-absolute participle. |
| 6 | ἐκδιδράσκουσιν | ἐκδιδράσκω | VERB | VPAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | DPMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 Φιγαλεῖς | det | high | |
| 8 | Φιγαλεῖς | Φιγαλεύς | PROPN | NPMPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐκδιδράσκουσιν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐκδιδράσκουσιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἀφιᾶσιν | cc | high | Alternative coordinating conjunction. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | cc | high | Additive particle within the alternative clause. |
| 12 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | DPMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | |
| 13 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | NPMPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἀφιᾶσιν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 14 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P3APAM | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 16 ἐξελθεῖν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 15 | ἀφιᾶσιν | ἀφίημι | VERB | VPAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 ἐκδιδράσκουσιν | conj | high | Alternative main verb coordinated with ἐκδιδράσκουσιν. |
| 16 | ἐξελθεῖν | ἐξέρχομαι | VERB | AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 15 ἀφιᾶσιν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after ἀφιᾶσιν. |
| 17 | ὑποσπόνδους | ὑπόσπονδος | ADJ | A4PAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 σφᾶς | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative adjective agreeing with σφᾶς; could be analyzed as an open clausal complement of ἐξελθεῖν. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐκδιδράσκουσιν | punct | high |